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Basic Wavefront Aberration Theory for Optical Metrology
Basic Wavefront Aberration Theory for Optical Metrology

... for specifying a wavefront is of particular convenience if only a single thirdorder aberration is present. For more complicated wavefront aberrations it is convenient to state the peak-to-valley (P-V) sometimes called peak-to-peak (P-P) wavefront aberration. This is simply the maximum departure of t ...
Graphene Plasmonic Metasurfaces to Steer Infrared Light www.nature.com/scientificreports Zubin Li
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... dielectric constant and thickness of the dielectric layer, critical coupling condition can be satisfied even when the thickness s of the dielectric spacing layer is smaller than the wavelength. Consequently, we can achieve strong and even perfect absorption with monolayer graphene structures as theo ...
Role of wavefront aberrations of amplified femtosecond pulses in
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Fundamentals of Light Microscopy and Electronic Imaging
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The Optics of the Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
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... and of two which do not appear to have been described previously. Of these, one is a method for obtaining a parallelogram arrangement, which was used by K. J. Habell, and the other is an accurate method for final adjustment based on the source-plane fringe pattern. ...
INVESTIGATION OF INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS FOR HIGH
INVESTIGATION OF INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS FOR HIGH

... process has not been readily accepted in precision optical fabrication industry because several difficult issues such as geometry deviation, inhomogeneous index distribution, birefringence and freeform fabrication have hindered the implementation of injection molding process in high precision optica ...
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Airy disk



In optics, the Airy disk (or Airy disc) and Airy pattern are descriptions of the best focused spot of light that a perfect lens with a circular aperture can make, limited by the diffraction of light. The Airy disk is of importance in physics, optics, and astronomy.The diffraction pattern resulting from a uniformly-illuminated circular aperture has a bright region in the center, known as the Airy disk which together with the series of concentric bright rings around is called the Airy pattern. Both are named after George Biddell Airy. The disk and rings phenomenon had been known prior to Airy; John Herschel described the appearance of a bright star seen through a telescope under high magnification for an 1828 article on light for the Encyclopedia Metropolitana:...the star is then seen (in favourable circumstances of tranquil atmosphere, uniform temperature, &c.) as a perfectly round, well-defined planetary disc, surrounded by two, three, or more alternately dark and bright rings, which, if examined attentively, are seen to be slightly coloured at their borders. They succeed each other nearly at equal intervals round the central disc....However, Airy wrote the first full theoretical treatment explaining the phenomenon (his 1835 ""On the Diffraction of an Object-glass with Circular Aperture"").Mathematically, the diffraction pattern is characterized by the wavelength of light illuminating the circular aperture, and the aperture's size. The appearance of the diffraction pattern is additionally characterized by the sensitivity of the eye or other detector used to observe the pattern.The most important application of this concept is in cameras and telescopes. Owing to diffraction, the smallest point to which a lens or mirror can focus a beam of light is the size of the Airy disk. Even if one were able to make a perfect lens, there is still a limit to the resolution of an image created by this lens. An optical system in which the resolution is no longer limited by imperfections in the lenses but only by diffraction is said to be diffraction limited.
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