Parallelized STED fluorescence nanoscopy
... differences in wavelength between STED and excitation wavelength one should account for birefringence dispersion by using achromatic Wollaston prisms [22]. The axial alignment of the beams depends of the micro objectives used. For APO type objectives used in the present system they are usually shift ...
... differences in wavelength between STED and excitation wavelength one should account for birefringence dispersion by using achromatic Wollaston prisms [22]. The axial alignment of the beams depends of the micro objectives used. For APO type objectives used in the present system they are usually shift ...
Heriot-Watt University Multi-millijoule few-cycle mid
... YAG) plate oriented at the Brewster angle and placed at a distance of 50 cm from the focal plane of a lens with the focal distance of 75 cm. For the characterization a fraction of the radiation is picked up by a CaF2 wedge directly after the YAG plate and directed into the SHG FROG apparatus and spe ...
... YAG) plate oriented at the Brewster angle and placed at a distance of 50 cm from the focal plane of a lens with the focal distance of 75 cm. For the characterization a fraction of the radiation is picked up by a CaF2 wedge directly after the YAG plate and directed into the SHG FROG apparatus and spe ...
Aberrations
... So far, we haven’t asked what the functional form of W might be. If we restrict ourselves to rotationally symmetric optical systems, we can limit the possible forms W might take. If we assume a 2-Dimensional polynomial form for W, and eliminate all terms and combination of terms that are not rotatio ...
... So far, we haven’t asked what the functional form of W might be. If we restrict ourselves to rotationally symmetric optical systems, we can limit the possible forms W might take. If we assume a 2-Dimensional polynomial form for W, and eliminate all terms and combination of terms that are not rotatio ...
Part 2 . Physical Optics
... maximum in the intensity pattern results. This corresponds to a phase difference of an integral number of 2π ’s or an OPD that is a multiple of the wavelength. A dark fringe or minimum in the intensity pattern results from destructiy e interference when the two waves are out of phase by π or the OPD ...
... maximum in the intensity pattern results. This corresponds to a phase difference of an integral number of 2π ’s or an OPD that is a multiple of the wavelength. A dark fringe or minimum in the intensity pattern results from destructiy e interference when the two waves are out of phase by π or the OPD ...
Assessing the Contributions of Surface Waves and Complex Rays to
... waves and complex rays, may be observed. It has been known for some time that the optical glory is dominated by the contribution of p = 2 surface waves.715,20 In addition, a subtle effect of the complex ray in the neighborhood of a transverse cusp caustic has been predicted2 1 2- 4 and tentatively o ...
... waves and complex rays, may be observed. It has been known for some time that the optical glory is dominated by the contribution of p = 2 surface waves.715,20 In addition, a subtle effect of the complex ray in the neighborhood of a transverse cusp caustic has been predicted2 1 2- 4 and tentatively o ...
Chapter 2 - Handbook of Optics
... maximum in the intensity pattern results. This corresponds to a phase difference of an integral number of 2π ’s or an OPD that is a multiple of the wavelength. A dark fringe or minimum in the intensity pattern results from destructiy e interference when the two waves are out of phase by π or the OPD ...
... maximum in the intensity pattern results. This corresponds to a phase difference of an integral number of 2π ’s or an OPD that is a multiple of the wavelength. A dark fringe or minimum in the intensity pattern results from destructiy e interference when the two waves are out of phase by π or the OPD ...
Acousto-Optic Devices and Applications
... When an acoustic wave propagates in an optically transparent medium, it produces a periodic modulation of the index of refraction via the elasto-optical effect. This provides a moving phase grating which may diffract portions of an incident light into one or more directions. This phenomenon, known a ...
... When an acoustic wave propagates in an optically transparent medium, it produces a periodic modulation of the index of refraction via the elasto-optical effect. This provides a moving phase grating which may diffract portions of an incident light into one or more directions. This phenomenon, known a ...
The orbital angular momentum of light
... special forked diffraction grating, an example of which is illustrated in Figure 1.3. The grating shown is an l = 1 grating, which means that the first order diffracted beam when this grating is illuminated with a Gaussian beam will be the l = 1 LG mode. In fact, the mth order diffracted beam will b ...
... special forked diffraction grating, an example of which is illustrated in Figure 1.3. The grating shown is an l = 1 grating, which means that the first order diffracted beam when this grating is illuminated with a Gaussian beam will be the l = 1 LG mode. In fact, the mth order diffracted beam will b ...
Document
... R = nN Where n is the diffraction order and N is the number of illuminated blazes. Therefore, better resolving powers can be obtained for: a. Longer gratings. b. higher blaze density. c. Higher order of diffraction. ...
... R = nN Where n is the diffraction order and N is the number of illuminated blazes. Therefore, better resolving powers can be obtained for: a. Longer gratings. b. higher blaze density. c. Higher order of diffraction. ...
HOLOGRAPHY, 1948-1971
... emulsion. Nowadays one can store 100 or even 300 pages of printed matter in an area which by ordinary photography would be sufficient for one. From then on progress became very rapid. The most spectacular result of the first year was the holography of three dimensional objects, which could be seen w ...
... emulsion. Nowadays one can store 100 or even 300 pages of printed matter in an area which by ordinary photography would be sufficient for one. From then on progress became very rapid. The most spectacular result of the first year was the holography of three dimensional objects, which could be seen w ...
genius PHYSICS by Pradeep Kshetrapal Newtons corpuscular
... (2) The fringe pattern obtained due to a slit is more bright than that due to a point. (3) If the slit widths are unequal, the minima will not be complete dark. For very large width uniform illumination occurs. (4) If one slit is illuminated with red light and the other slit is illuminated with blue ...
... (2) The fringe pattern obtained due to a slit is more bright than that due to a point. (3) If the slit widths are unequal, the minima will not be complete dark. For very large width uniform illumination occurs. (4) If one slit is illuminated with red light and the other slit is illuminated with blue ...
Airy disk
In optics, the Airy disk (or Airy disc) and Airy pattern are descriptions of the best focused spot of light that a perfect lens with a circular aperture can make, limited by the diffraction of light. The Airy disk is of importance in physics, optics, and astronomy.The diffraction pattern resulting from a uniformly-illuminated circular aperture has a bright region in the center, known as the Airy disk which together with the series of concentric bright rings around is called the Airy pattern. Both are named after George Biddell Airy. The disk and rings phenomenon had been known prior to Airy; John Herschel described the appearance of a bright star seen through a telescope under high magnification for an 1828 article on light for the Encyclopedia Metropolitana:...the star is then seen (in favourable circumstances of tranquil atmosphere, uniform temperature, &c.) as a perfectly round, well-defined planetary disc, surrounded by two, three, or more alternately dark and bright rings, which, if examined attentively, are seen to be slightly coloured at their borders. They succeed each other nearly at equal intervals round the central disc....However, Airy wrote the first full theoretical treatment explaining the phenomenon (his 1835 ""On the Diffraction of an Object-glass with Circular Aperture"").Mathematically, the diffraction pattern is characterized by the wavelength of light illuminating the circular aperture, and the aperture's size. The appearance of the diffraction pattern is additionally characterized by the sensitivity of the eye or other detector used to observe the pattern.The most important application of this concept is in cameras and telescopes. Owing to diffraction, the smallest point to which a lens or mirror can focus a beam of light is the size of the Airy disk. Even if one were able to make a perfect lens, there is still a limit to the resolution of an image created by this lens. An optical system in which the resolution is no longer limited by imperfections in the lenses but only by diffraction is said to be diffraction limited.