Measure the Distance Between Tracks of CD and DVD
... exact wavelength is a critical parameter in reading the information, since the process is based on the interference between the beams reflected from different depths inside the recording media. In order for the new DVD machines to be able to read CD-ROM media, two separate optical pickups need to be ...
... exact wavelength is a critical parameter in reading the information, since the process is based on the interference between the beams reflected from different depths inside the recording media. In order for the new DVD machines to be able to read CD-ROM media, two separate optical pickups need to be ...
Spectral Brightness of Synchrotron Radiation
... This means the number of photons per unit time per unit area per unit solid angle ...
... This means the number of photons per unit time per unit area per unit solid angle ...
Relation between s-Polarized and p-Polarized Internal Reflection
... Polarized infrared (IR) spectroscopy allows one to probe the orientation of chemical bonds.1-17 The features of polarized IR spectroscopy include (1) simultaneous probing of a wide variety of chemical bonds in organic, inorganic or hybrid materials, (2) sensitivity to measure films down to molecular ...
... Polarized infrared (IR) spectroscopy allows one to probe the orientation of chemical bonds.1-17 The features of polarized IR spectroscopy include (1) simultaneous probing of a wide variety of chemical bonds in organic, inorganic or hybrid materials, (2) sensitivity to measure films down to molecular ...
... these reactions to be reversible and the intermediates to be stable. We describe here the electrolytic and chemical preparation of cation radicals of various porphyrins and of ethyl chlorophyllide a as well as the formation of the dication of magnesium octaethylporphyrin. Electrolysis 3 of magnesium ...
Equilibrium Constant - Faculty Server Contact
... So, if you ask "what is the fugacity, and how do I think about it", just think of it as a partial pressure: it is a strong function of the mole fraction of the component in the gas phase, and of the total pressure of the gas phase, just like a partial pressure; more precisely, remembering that chem ...
... So, if you ask "what is the fugacity, and how do I think about it", just think of it as a partial pressure: it is a strong function of the mole fraction of the component in the gas phase, and of the total pressure of the gas phase, just like a partial pressure; more precisely, remembering that chem ...
2 The Failure of Classical Mechanics and Wave-Particle
... This lecture is more qualitative than the rest of the class. Very roughly speaking, in Classical Mechanics, one can describe motion in terms of either particles or waves. Classically, they are distinctly different things. In our every day life, we intuitively think of some things as particles (like b ...
... This lecture is more qualitative than the rest of the class. Very roughly speaking, in Classical Mechanics, one can describe motion in terms of either particles or waves. Classically, they are distinctly different things. In our every day life, we intuitively think of some things as particles (like b ...
The physics of the compact disc
... hence the modulation in the reflected signal. However, the modulations are only used to transfer a digital code to the receiver and it is only the temporal pattern of peaks in the signal-not their amplitude-that is important. Therefore small variations in step height are acceptable. A laser beam of ...
... hence the modulation in the reflected signal. However, the modulations are only used to transfer a digital code to the receiver and it is only the temporal pattern of peaks in the signal-not their amplitude-that is important. Therefore small variations in step height are acceptable. A laser beam of ...
I news & views
... in optical telecommunications and laser applications for stabilizing propagating photons and preventing undesired feedback. However, optical isolators are generally bulky because a long propagation distance of a few millimetres is required to rotate the polarization plane of light by 45°, owing to t ...
... in optical telecommunications and laser applications for stabilizing propagating photons and preventing undesired feedback. However, optical isolators are generally bulky because a long propagation distance of a few millimetres is required to rotate the polarization plane of light by 45°, owing to t ...
1. Introduction - Univerza v Ljubljani
... The force is deccelerating for negative detuning but is accelerative for positive detuning. Also, for low velocites, the kv terms in the denominator can be neglected towards 0 , thus making the force proportional to the velocity. This is then a true damping force, thus it compresses the velocity ...
... The force is deccelerating for negative detuning but is accelerative for positive detuning. Also, for low velocites, the kv terms in the denominator can be neglected towards 0 , thus making the force proportional to the velocity. This is then a true damping force, thus it compresses the velocity ...
the optical (light) microscope
... A variety of light sources for optical microscopy are available. The low-voltage tungsten filament lamp used primarily with bench microscopes has adequate intensity for observation, but not for photography. Altering the current to the bulb controls light intensity. Carbon-arc illumination system ...
... A variety of light sources for optical microscopy are available. The low-voltage tungsten filament lamp used primarily with bench microscopes has adequate intensity for observation, but not for photography. Altering the current to the bulb controls light intensity. Carbon-arc illumination system ...
Airway Luminal Diameter and Shape Measurement by Means of an
... Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;134(6):637-642. doi:10.1001/archotol.134.6.637 ...
... Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;134(6):637-642. doi:10.1001/archotol.134.6.637 ...
Introduction
... source impinges on a beamsplitter, which ideally transmits 50% of the light and reflects the remaining part. Having traveled the distance L the reflected light is hits a fixed mirror M1, where it is reflected and hits the beamsplitter again after a total path length of 2L. The transmitted part of th ...
... source impinges on a beamsplitter, which ideally transmits 50% of the light and reflects the remaining part. Having traveled the distance L the reflected light is hits a fixed mirror M1, where it is reflected and hits the beamsplitter again after a total path length of 2L. The transmitted part of th ...
Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy
Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy or ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis or UV/Vis) refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflectance spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible spectral region. This means it uses light in the visible and adjacent (near-UV and near-infrared [NIR]) ranges. The absorption or reflectance in the visible range directly affects the perceived color of the chemicals involved. In this region of the electromagnetic spectrum, molecules undergo electronic transitions. This technique is complementary to fluorescence spectroscopy, in that fluorescence deals with transitions from the excited state to the ground state, while absorption measures transitions from the ground state to the excited state.