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Interferometric near-infrared spectroscopy directly quantifies optical
... Sensing and imaging methods based on the dynamic scattering of coherent light (including laser speckle, laser Doppler, diffuse correlation spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and diffusing wave spectroscopy) quantify scatterer motion using light intensity fluctuations. The underlying optical fie ...
... Sensing and imaging methods based on the dynamic scattering of coherent light (including laser speckle, laser Doppler, diffuse correlation spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and diffusing wave spectroscopy) quantify scatterer motion using light intensity fluctuations. The underlying optical fie ...
PT symmetry in optics
... constants in the language of optics) are ∓ sinh θ. Unlike Hermitian systems, these eigenmodes are no longer orthogonal. This leads to important implications for beam dynamics including a non-reciprocal response and power oscillations. For a conventional Hermitian system (γ = 0), any superposition of ...
... constants in the language of optics) are ∓ sinh θ. Unlike Hermitian systems, these eigenmodes are no longer orthogonal. This leads to important implications for beam dynamics including a non-reciprocal response and power oscillations. For a conventional Hermitian system (γ = 0), any superposition of ...
Analysis of the Spectral Resolution of a TeO2 based Noncollinear
... wave modes can propagate in TeO2 crystal. They are right-handed elliptical polarized mode and left-handed elliptical polarized one, and the direction of the ellipse’ long axes on these two modes are parallel with the main plane and perpendicular to the main plane, respectively. If the incident beam ...
... wave modes can propagate in TeO2 crystal. They are right-handed elliptical polarized mode and left-handed elliptical polarized one, and the direction of the ellipse’ long axes on these two modes are parallel with the main plane and perpendicular to the main plane, respectively. If the incident beam ...
Fabrication and Application of Phase only Holograms for High
... Nowadays computer generated holograms play an important role in many fields spanning from consumer applications [1] to highly scientific use [2]. Such holograms can be realized either via addressable dynamic devices such as spatial light modulators [3] or via fixed structures commonly called diffrac ...
... Nowadays computer generated holograms play an important role in many fields spanning from consumer applications [1] to highly scientific use [2]. Such holograms can be realized either via addressable dynamic devices such as spatial light modulators [3] or via fixed structures commonly called diffrac ...
High‐transmission dielectric metasurface with 2π phase control at
... intrinsically high losses of metals at optical frequencies lead to low performance efficiencies for plasmonic metasurfaces, especially in transmission [17, 18]. This initiated significant work in developing dielectric analogs of metasurfaces, since many dielectric materials have very low absorption ...
... intrinsically high losses of metals at optical frequencies lead to low performance efficiencies for plasmonic metasurfaces, especially in transmission [17, 18]. This initiated significant work in developing dielectric analogs of metasurfaces, since many dielectric materials have very low absorption ...
Imaging with Terahertz Pulses
... air bubbles or cracks within polymer or ceramic parts.5,6 In many of these applications, the feature we wish to detect is subtle, in the sense that its interaction with the single-cycle THz pulse imposes only a small additional distortion on the waveform. A good example is detecting delamination or ...
... air bubbles or cracks within polymer or ceramic parts.5,6 In many of these applications, the feature we wish to detect is subtle, in the sense that its interaction with the single-cycle THz pulse imposes only a small additional distortion on the waveform. A good example is detecting delamination or ...
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... noninvasively probe highly scattering materials and determine their average scattering and absorption properties (2, 3). Furthermore, the diffusing photons can also be utilized in imaging objects such as tumors hidden in turbid media (4-7). We present an analytic solution for the scattering of diffu ...
... noninvasively probe highly scattering materials and determine their average scattering and absorption properties (2, 3). Furthermore, the diffusing photons can also be utilized in imaging objects such as tumors hidden in turbid media (4-7). We present an analytic solution for the scattering of diffu ...
The Time-Shift Technique for Measurement of Size and Velocity of
... Semidetnov (1985) [3] and is further developed in Damaschke et al (2002) and Albrecht et al (2003). It is realized by creating an illuminated volume considerably smaller than the size of the particle to be measured, usually taking a Gaussian beam shape in intensity. Under these conditions the scatte ...
... Semidetnov (1985) [3] and is further developed in Damaschke et al (2002) and Albrecht et al (2003). It is realized by creating an illuminated volume considerably smaller than the size of the particle to be measured, usually taking a Gaussian beam shape in intensity. Under these conditions the scatte ...
GRASE (Gradient- and spin-echo) MR imaging: A new fast clinical
... averaged (NSA) used to raise the signalto-noise ratio (S/N) in images. Conjugate synthesis of data (half Fourier or NSA = Y2) yields nearly another factor-of-two reduction in imaging time by taking advantage of a natural symmetry in the k-space data to halve the number of phase-encoded signals (2,3) ...
... averaged (NSA) used to raise the signalto-noise ratio (S/N) in images. Conjugate synthesis of data (half Fourier or NSA = Y2) yields nearly another factor-of-two reduction in imaging time by taking advantage of a natural symmetry in the k-space data to halve the number of phase-encoded signals (2,3) ...
Optical trapping using cascade conical refraction of light
... crystal, this cone is refracted into a ring-shaped beam that propagates in the same direction as the incident beam. Hamilton’s geometrical optics description has been extended to the paraxial wave optics theory of conical diffraction by Berry and others [3, 4] and the agreement with experimental res ...
... crystal, this cone is refracted into a ring-shaped beam that propagates in the same direction as the incident beam. Hamilton’s geometrical optics description has been extended to the paraxial wave optics theory of conical diffraction by Berry and others [3, 4] and the agreement with experimental res ...
The ins and outs of conical refraction
... the optic axes of wave normals, or binormals (or several other names), in the case of the wave-normal surface. At first sight these binormals might seem less interesting than the general directions that yield two distinct wave velocities and hence are associated with double refraction, but Hamilton ...
... the optic axes of wave normals, or binormals (or several other names), in the case of the wave-normal surface. At first sight these binormals might seem less interesting than the general directions that yield two distinct wave velocities and hence are associated with double refraction, but Hamilton ...
Document
... cornea, lens, anterior chamber, post chamber Anomalies of refractive index in ocular media due to aging, inflammation, etc. Decentering or tilting the various optical components of the eye ...
... cornea, lens, anterior chamber, post chamber Anomalies of refractive index in ocular media due to aging, inflammation, etc. Decentering or tilting the various optical components of the eye ...
Quasi-3D plasmonic coupling scheme for near-field optical lithography and imaging Y W
... Instead of exciting a localized gap resonance horizontally, our novel quasi-3D plasmonic coupling scheme excites the direct resonance between the plasmonic structure and the sample vertically. The high coupling efficiency allows us to create a reversible coupling from the local interaction between t ...
... Instead of exciting a localized gap resonance horizontally, our novel quasi-3D plasmonic coupling scheme excites the direct resonance between the plasmonic structure and the sample vertically. The high coupling efficiency allows us to create a reversible coupling from the local interaction between t ...
12. CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY • Confocal microscopy can render
... The image is reconstructed serially, i.e. point by point, using a single photodetector, rather than in parallel (in bright field, phase contrast, etc.), where a 2D image is recorded via a detector array, such as a camera. The illumination light is focused down to a small spot at the sample plane ...
... The image is reconstructed serially, i.e. point by point, using a single photodetector, rather than in parallel (in bright field, phase contrast, etc.), where a 2D image is recorded via a detector array, such as a camera. The illumination light is focused down to a small spot at the sample plane ...
Reflection-mode scanning near-field optical microscopy: Influence
... effect is further illustrated in Fig. 8. This shows shear force and SNOM images of a similar area of the sample as shown in Fig. 7, but with a different tip. The scanning parameters were identical to those for Fig. 7. The tip in this case is so asymmetric that it can now only image one edge of each ...
... effect is further illustrated in Fig. 8. This shows shear force and SNOM images of a similar area of the sample as shown in Fig. 7, but with a different tip. The scanning parameters were identical to those for Fig. 7. The tip in this case is so asymmetric that it can now only image one edge of each ...
Modeling phase microscopy of transparent three
... quantitative phase imaging, based on a product-ofconvolutions (POC) approach. The model is not more computationally intensive than those based on the first Born and Rytov approximations, while relaxing the object size and contrast limitations that those approximations impose. We compare the ability ...
... quantitative phase imaging, based on a product-ofconvolutions (POC) approach. The model is not more computationally intensive than those based on the first Born and Rytov approximations, while relaxing the object size and contrast limitations that those approximations impose. We compare the ability ...
Poisson’s spot with molecules Please share
... a single edge, limiting the impact of vdW forces and blocking is not an issue. In addition, the vdW influence can be reduced by creating free-standing structures from thinner membranes, perhaps even from two-dimensional 共2D兲 crystals such as graphene. Furthermore, the on-axis interference condition ...
... a single edge, limiting the impact of vdW forces and blocking is not an issue. In addition, the vdW influence can be reduced by creating free-standing structures from thinner membranes, perhaps even from two-dimensional 共2D兲 crystals such as graphene. Furthermore, the on-axis interference condition ...
Experimental method for reliably establishing the refractive index of
... refractive index of a multilayer system [1] and subsequently used this average value to estimate the refractive indices of its individual layers. For the multilayer system in the iridescent beetle C. vittata, he obtained layer thicknesses from TEM images and optical data from a Zeiss microspectropho ...
... refractive index of a multilayer system [1] and subsequently used this average value to estimate the refractive indices of its individual layers. For the multilayer system in the iridescent beetle C. vittata, he obtained layer thicknesses from TEM images and optical data from a Zeiss microspectropho ...
Biomedical imaging in the undergraduate physics curriculum
... NA ¼ n sin hmax , where n is the refractive index of the medium in which the light propagates, and hmax is half the angular aperture. Typically, numerical apertures do not exceed $1.4. Equation (1) is valid when the condenser and objective have the same numerical aperture (NAcond ¼ NAobj ), as shown ...
... NA ¼ n sin hmax , where n is the refractive index of the medium in which the light propagates, and hmax is half the angular aperture. Typically, numerical apertures do not exceed $1.4. Equation (1) is valid when the condenser and objective have the same numerical aperture (NAcond ¼ NAobj ), as shown ...
Light scattering described in the mode picture
... two-dimensional function of the transverse coordinates. The distortion may be expanded into a twodimensional Fourier series. The two dimensions can be assumed as being independent from each other and thus being factorized. It is therefore sufficient to describe the power transfer from one mode into ...
... two-dimensional function of the transverse coordinates. The distortion may be expanded into a twodimensional Fourier series. The two dimensions can be assumed as being independent from each other and thus being factorized. It is therefore sufficient to describe the power transfer from one mode into ...
Slow Waves
... Phase Vs. Group Velocity By their definitions, the phase velocity applies only to a wave at a single frequency. The group velocity applies to a packet of waves covering some ...
... Phase Vs. Group Velocity By their definitions, the phase velocity applies only to a wave at a single frequency. The group velocity applies to a packet of waves covering some ...
(k) and Refractive Index
... the ratio of the refractive index of the two materials, but also the angle of incidence and polarization of the incident light. If the incident angle of the light is altered, the internal angles and optical path lengths within each layer will be affected, which also will influence the amount of phas ...
... the ratio of the refractive index of the two materials, but also the angle of incidence and polarization of the incident light. If the incident angle of the light is altered, the internal angles and optical path lengths within each layer will be affected, which also will influence the amount of phas ...
Fourier Optics Laboratory Manual - McGill Undergraduate Physics Lab
... idea is to remove some part of the Fourier transform before transforming the diffraction pattern back to the image. High and low frequencies occupy different positions on the transform plane, which gives the freedom to filter out some components of an image. The origin of the transform plane, where ...
... idea is to remove some part of the Fourier transform before transforming the diffraction pattern back to the image. High and low frequencies occupy different positions on the transform plane, which gives the freedom to filter out some components of an image. The origin of the transform plane, where ...
Physical Optics and Diffraction
... big compared to the wavelength, but small compared to the distance to .Illumination comes from a distant wave source. Characterize aperture by a complex function , such that the wave just after passing through it On the aperture have ...
... big compared to the wavelength, but small compared to the distance to .Illumination comes from a distant wave source. Characterize aperture by a complex function , such that the wave just after passing through it On the aperture have ...
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Attenuation_and_phase_shift_of_electromagnetic_wave_propagating_in_medium_with_complex_index_of_refraction_n.png?width=300)
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI) or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images. Standard X-ray imaging techniques like radiography or computed tomography (CT) rely on a decrease of the X-ray beam's intensity (attenuation) when traversing the sample, which can be measured directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector. In PCI however, the beam's phase shift caused by the sample is not measured directly, but is transformed into variations in intensity, which then can be recorded by the detector.In addition to producing projection images, PCI, like conventional transmission, can be combined with tomographic techniques to obtain the 3D distribution of the real part of the refractive index of the sample. When applied to samples that consist of atoms with low atomic number Z, PCI is more sensitive to density variations in the sample than conventional transmission-based X-ray imaging. This leads to images with improved soft tissue contrast.In the last several years, a variety of phase-contrast X-ray imaging techniques have been developed, all of which are based on the observation of interference patterns between diffracted and undiffracted waves. The most common techniques are crystal interferometry, propagation-based imaging, analyzer-based imaging, edge-illumination and grating-based imaging (see below).