Diffraction
... Place the spatial filter on a base, and put it in the path of the laser beam with the back (iris side) facing the laser. Adjust the height of the spatial filter so that the beam passes through the center of the back iris. Fully open the iris and you should notice a back-reflection originating from ...
... Place the spatial filter on a base, and put it in the path of the laser beam with the back (iris side) facing the laser. Adjust the height of the spatial filter so that the beam passes through the center of the back iris. Fully open the iris and you should notice a back-reflection originating from ...
LATTICE IMAGING IN TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
... image processing. Electron – specimen interaction is then simulated in the same manner as in the case of conventional phase-contrast imaging. On the other hand the Z-contrast technique provides directly interpretable images - maps of scattering power of the specimen. Allowing incoherent imaging of m ...
... image processing. Electron – specimen interaction is then simulated in the same manner as in the case of conventional phase-contrast imaging. On the other hand the Z-contrast technique provides directly interpretable images - maps of scattering power of the specimen. Allowing incoherent imaging of m ...
LAB 1 - SIMPLE DIFFRACTION, FOURIER OPTICS AND ACOUSTO
... spatial manipulations of the HeNe beam in order to obtain an approximate plane wave. We will first analyze the spatial filter, and how it works to clean up the starting beam. Then, we will collimate an expanded beam that has a low divergence angle, giving rise to a good plane wave approximation near ...
... spatial manipulations of the HeNe beam in order to obtain an approximate plane wave. We will first analyze the spatial filter, and how it works to clean up the starting beam. Then, we will collimate an expanded beam that has a low divergence angle, giving rise to a good plane wave approximation near ...
Physical optics - Manual (with template)
... To best observe diffraction and interference, a monochromatic and coherent light source is needed. All light waves emitted by a monochromatic light source have the same frequency and wavelength. Coherent light refers to light where all emitted waves begin with the same phase and travel together “in ...
... To best observe diffraction and interference, a monochromatic and coherent light source is needed. All light waves emitted by a monochromatic light source have the same frequency and wavelength. Coherent light refers to light where all emitted waves begin with the same phase and travel together “in ...
Get PDF - OSA Publishing
... nanopost can be controlled by varying its diameter. The posts’ height can be chosen such that at a certain wavelength the whole 2π phase shift is covered, while keeping the transmission amplitude high. Each nanopost has multiple resonances that are excited and contribute to the scattered field with ...
... nanopost can be controlled by varying its diameter. The posts’ height can be chosen such that at a certain wavelength the whole 2π phase shift is covered, while keeping the transmission amplitude high. Each nanopost has multiple resonances that are excited and contribute to the scattered field with ...
Michelson Interferometer
... For rays of light reflected normal to the mirrors, the phase difference due to the path difference is 4πd/λ . Also, an additional phase shift of π is introduced because beam A is reflected off the outer side while beam B is reflected off the inner side of the beam splitter. Therefore, the total phas ...
... For rays of light reflected normal to the mirrors, the phase difference due to the path difference is 4πd/λ . Also, an additional phase shift of π is introduced because beam A is reflected off the outer side while beam B is reflected off the inner side of the beam splitter. Therefore, the total phas ...
One-parameter two-term HenyeyŒGreenstein phase function for
... properties presented by Eqs. 共1兲 and 共3兲. At the same time it is ill-suited to model scattering in real ...
... properties presented by Eqs. 共1兲 and 共3兲. At the same time it is ill-suited to model scattering in real ...
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... + 兩兩2 cos2共 / 2兲兴1/2. Slow-light propagation can be observed due to the reduction of the normalized group velocity 共vg = d / d兲 when the pulse frequency is tuned close to the bandgap edge, where the propagating waves with real  are absent. We find that different regimes of slow light can be rea ...
... + 兩兩2 cos2共 / 2兲兴1/2. Slow-light propagation can be observed due to the reduction of the normalized group velocity 共vg = d / d兲 when the pulse frequency is tuned close to the bandgap edge, where the propagating waves with real  are absent. We find that different regimes of slow light can be rea ...
61
... expanding spherical wavefront. The three apparent vertical discontinuities in the phase plot are not real .The 3D intensity plot shows the intensity draining out as it propagates .when pulse propagates through the non linear medium there is no spreading of pulse energy as the sech propagate the 3D I ...
... expanding spherical wavefront. The three apparent vertical discontinuities in the phase plot are not real .The 3D intensity plot shows the intensity draining out as it propagates .when pulse propagates through the non linear medium there is no spreading of pulse energy as the sech propagate the 3D I ...
Get PDF - OSA Publishing
... reflection technique is more suited for specular surfaces. This work concentrates on dynamic shape measurement for specular reflective surfaces with monoscopic fringe reflectometric technique. The rest of the article is arranged as follows. Section 2 explains the basic principle of monoscopic fringe ...
... reflection technique is more suited for specular surfaces. This work concentrates on dynamic shape measurement for specular reflective surfaces with monoscopic fringe reflectometric technique. The rest of the article is arranged as follows. Section 2 explains the basic principle of monoscopic fringe ...
Dispersion and Ultrashort Pulses
... Dispersion disperses a pulse in space (angle): “Angular dispersion” dn/d ...
... Dispersion disperses a pulse in space (angle): “Angular dispersion” dn/d ...
A Fast Optical Propagation Technique for Modeling
... transforms. In CAD tools, the Fourier transform can be implemented by one of the numerous Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) techniques. The computational order of the FFT for a 2D input, is O(N2log2N), obviously more efficient when compared to the direct integration method. We show this speed increase la ...
... transforms. In CAD tools, the Fourier transform can be implemented by one of the numerous Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) techniques. The computational order of the FFT for a 2D input, is O(N2log2N), obviously more efficient when compared to the direct integration method. We show this speed increase la ...
Mystery of the double limit in homogenization of finitely or perfectly
... The reflectivity of such layers is represented by a black circle in Fig. 1. Understanding this difference can play an important role in the study of metamaterials, where feature dimensions vary in several orders of magnitude, and their applications tend to extend from the MW to the visible. Let us c ...
... The reflectivity of such layers is represented by a black circle in Fig. 1. Understanding this difference can play an important role in the study of metamaterials, where feature dimensions vary in several orders of magnitude, and their applications tend to extend from the MW to the visible. Let us c ...
The Basic Idea
... the mirrors, and that will cause big problems. We discuss these in the next section. The other reason that a large beam is desirable is that it interacts with a larger part of the mirror surface, and thus with a larger number of atoms. More atoms helps to average out Brownian motion of the mirror su ...
... the mirrors, and that will cause big problems. We discuss these in the next section. The other reason that a large beam is desirable is that it interacts with a larger part of the mirror surface, and thus with a larger number of atoms. More atoms helps to average out Brownian motion of the mirror su ...
Direct Patterning of Three-Dimensional Periodic
... ultraviolet (UV) frequencies.19 Our simulation results indicate that aluminum is the only common metal that can achieve such near-field interference pattern with strong contrast. The aperture width and periodicity in Figure 1 is 150 and 300 nm, respectively. It is also shown from our simulation that ...
... ultraviolet (UV) frequencies.19 Our simulation results indicate that aluminum is the only common metal that can achieve such near-field interference pattern with strong contrast. The aperture width and periodicity in Figure 1 is 150 and 300 nm, respectively. It is also shown from our simulation that ...
Frequency splitter based on the directional
... Subwavelength guiding and manipulating light is a challenge that attracts much of the scientific effort, paving the way towards the minimization of electromagnetic components. Photonic Crystals (PC) and metallic structures, that in the optical regime support the propagation of Surface Plasmons Polar ...
... Subwavelength guiding and manipulating light is a challenge that attracts much of the scientific effort, paving the way towards the minimization of electromagnetic components. Photonic Crystals (PC) and metallic structures, that in the optical regime support the propagation of Surface Plasmons Polar ...
Joule Expansion Imaging Techniques on Microlectronic Devices
... lock-in scheme to measure the amplitude of the first harmonic in the tip voltage which is proportional to the tip mean temperature variations [12]. Consequently, from these measurements, we can deduce quantitative temperature variations of the tip and qualitative temperature variations at the surfac ...
... lock-in scheme to measure the amplitude of the first harmonic in the tip voltage which is proportional to the tip mean temperature variations [12]. Consequently, from these measurements, we can deduce quantitative temperature variations of the tip and qualitative temperature variations at the surfac ...
YOUNG`S INTERFERENCE EXPERIMENT: THE LONG AND
... law [10, Sect. 4.3.2], if the light at P1 and P2 is combined (for example, by coupling the light into two fiber tips) and used in a second Young’s experiment, the resulting interference pattern will have fringes with perfect visibility. We emphasize that the surprising results expressed by Eqs. (20) ...
... law [10, Sect. 4.3.2], if the light at P1 and P2 is combined (for example, by coupling the light into two fiber tips) and used in a second Young’s experiment, the resulting interference pattern will have fringes with perfect visibility. We emphasize that the surprising results expressed by Eqs. (20) ...
Iterative reconstruction algorithm for optoacoustic imaging
... pressure signals.13,14 This method creates full threedimensional images of the source but needs a high number of detector elements. Filtering methods acting on the reconstructed image use thresholding to remove some of the background or spatial frequency-domain filters to reduce highfrequency backpr ...
... pressure signals.13,14 This method creates full threedimensional images of the source but needs a high number of detector elements. Filtering methods acting on the reconstructed image use thresholding to remove some of the background or spatial frequency-domain filters to reduce highfrequency backpr ...
crab cavity - Indico
... Width expansion example for circular TE11 (12 mm) A 12 mm radius could expand by 61 nm hence phase velocity changes by 1146 m/s For a 45 metre length phase change = 1.55 degrees = 115 times the allowance Width expansion example for circular TE10 (40 mm) A 40 mm radius could expand by 204 nm hence ph ...
... Width expansion example for circular TE11 (12 mm) A 12 mm radius could expand by 61 nm hence phase velocity changes by 1146 m/s For a 45 metre length phase change = 1.55 degrees = 115 times the allowance Width expansion example for circular TE10 (40 mm) A 40 mm radius could expand by 204 nm hence ph ...
9.2. Summary - Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
... The large flight distance to Hall B, and associated beam wander, is not expected to be a problem (the specification of beam "wander" in the LCLS design study report is ~10% of the beam diameter, i.e. independent of path length). The angular acceptance for SASE saturation through the undulator is of ...
... The large flight distance to Hall B, and associated beam wander, is not expected to be a problem (the specification of beam "wander" in the LCLS design study report is ~10% of the beam diameter, i.e. independent of path length). The angular acceptance for SASE saturation through the undulator is of ...
the Workshop Document (3)
... transducer response is very low and the measurements are noisy. Since both transducers are aimed at the center point of the pedestal, the grating should be placed there also. Measurements of the diffracted amplitude can then be made at various angles and various frequencies. To compare amplitudes at ...
... transducer response is very low and the measurements are noisy. Since both transducers are aimed at the center point of the pedestal, the grating should be placed there also. Measurements of the diffracted amplitude can then be made at various angles and various frequencies. To compare amplitudes at ...
Acousto-Optic Effect and Its use in Signal Processing Abstract 1
... sound waves. Another result found by Brillouin is that, with the assumption of a simple isotropic change in refractive index through density variations, the scattered light is of the same polarization as the incident light. In a later monograph, he shows that this is true to a very good approximatio ...
... sound waves. Another result found by Brillouin is that, with the assumption of a simple isotropic change in refractive index through density variations, the scattered light is of the same polarization as the incident light. In a later monograph, he shows that this is true to a very good approximatio ...
Optical Coherence Tomography as a diagnostic tool
... a system before it can be used on patients. For this reason accurately knowing the optical properties is imperative. An Integrating Sphere system can be used to determine these optical properties. Preliminary results from phantom and human skin indicate that skin tone may influence the data obtained ...
... a system before it can be used on patients. For this reason accurately knowing the optical properties is imperative. An Integrating Sphere system can be used to determine these optical properties. Preliminary results from phantom and human skin indicate that skin tone may influence the data obtained ...
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI) or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images. Standard X-ray imaging techniques like radiography or computed tomography (CT) rely on a decrease of the X-ray beam's intensity (attenuation) when traversing the sample, which can be measured directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector. In PCI however, the beam's phase shift caused by the sample is not measured directly, but is transformed into variations in intensity, which then can be recorded by the detector.In addition to producing projection images, PCI, like conventional transmission, can be combined with tomographic techniques to obtain the 3D distribution of the real part of the refractive index of the sample. When applied to samples that consist of atoms with low atomic number Z, PCI is more sensitive to density variations in the sample than conventional transmission-based X-ray imaging. This leads to images with improved soft tissue contrast.In the last several years, a variety of phase-contrast X-ray imaging techniques have been developed, all of which are based on the observation of interference patterns between diffracted and undiffracted waves. The most common techniques are crystal interferometry, propagation-based imaging, analyzer-based imaging, edge-illumination and grating-based imaging (see below).