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Electro Optic Sampling of Ultrashort Mid
... In order to produce and measure THz pulses, an 800 nm laser beam consisting of 50 femtosecond pulses is split into a generation beam and reader beam, the former carrying most of the energy. After the generation beam is converted into THz radiation, both beams are focused onto a GaSe crystal. The rea ...
... In order to produce and measure THz pulses, an 800 nm laser beam consisting of 50 femtosecond pulses is split into a generation beam and reader beam, the former carrying most of the energy. After the generation beam is converted into THz radiation, both beams are focused onto a GaSe crystal. The rea ...
Quantitative phase and refractive index measurements with point
... Figure 3A shows the setup used for the creation of simulated holograms for a transparent 15 μm diameter sphere with refractive index n 1.36 immersed in water. Figure 3B shows the reconstructed phase image of the sphere. The variation of the phase through a central section of the sphere obtained fr ...
... Figure 3A shows the setup used for the creation of simulated holograms for a transparent 15 μm diameter sphere with refractive index n 1.36 immersed in water. Figure 3B shows the reconstructed phase image of the sphere. The variation of the phase through a central section of the sphere obtained fr ...
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... periodic manner. In isotropic materials, when a light beam is incident, it refracts a single ray. It means that in such material the refractive index is same in all direction. e. g. Glass ,water and air Anisotropic Materials: In anisotropic material, the arrangement of atoms differs in different ...
... periodic manner. In isotropic materials, when a light beam is incident, it refracts a single ray. It means that in such material the refractive index is same in all direction. e. g. Glass ,water and air Anisotropic Materials: In anisotropic material, the arrangement of atoms differs in different ...
TUPB049
... consequent reduction of the visibility, while for the projections of the matched images the effect is strongly reduced. The interferogram as sum of the unmatched images is presented in Fig. 9b. The result of the fit provides a larger beam size because of the loss of contrast. The result obtained by ...
... consequent reduction of the visibility, while for the projections of the matched images the effect is strongly reduced. The interferogram as sum of the unmatched images is presented in Fig. 9b. The result of the fit provides a larger beam size because of the loss of contrast. The result obtained by ...
An accurate technique to record the angular distribution of
... Therefore, the field of view of the detector has to be larger than the solid angle under which it sees the illuminated area on the sample. In practice this means that an amount of stray light adds to the detected signal. This yields an extra background in the signal which is even likely to show some ...
... Therefore, the field of view of the detector has to be larger than the solid angle under which it sees the illuminated area on the sample. In practice this means that an amount of stray light adds to the detected signal. This yields an extra background in the signal which is even likely to show some ...
Measurement of the dispersion of air and of refractive index
... beams. Several versions of second harmonic interferometry exist [22,23], all based on the generation of second harmonic light from two consecutive sources so that generation from the second one occurs in the presence of the second harmonic field generated by the first [24]. Under such conditions, th ...
... beams. Several versions of second harmonic interferometry exist [22,23], all based on the generation of second harmonic light from two consecutive sources so that generation from the second one occurs in the presence of the second harmonic field generated by the first [24]. Under such conditions, th ...
Chapter 2: Propagation of Laser Beams
... Lasers are coherent electromagnetic waves. Control of laser beams is a main topic of this course. Laser beams usually have a concentrated profile in the transverse direction, which diverges slowly when propagating. The beam profiles in space can be obtained by solving the wave equation. ...
... Lasers are coherent electromagnetic waves. Control of laser beams is a main topic of this course. Laser beams usually have a concentrated profile in the transverse direction, which diverges slowly when propagating. The beam profiles in space can be obtained by solving the wave equation. ...
Experiment 24 - School of Physics
... 1887 to provide experimental evidence against the theory of the luminiferous aether. Michelson subsequently used the interferometer to measure the length of the standard metre in terms of the wavelength of an atomic spectral line. In 1907 he became the first U.S. citizen1 to receive the Nobel Prize ...
... 1887 to provide experimental evidence against the theory of the luminiferous aether. Michelson subsequently used the interferometer to measure the length of the standard metre in terms of the wavelength of an atomic spectral line. In 1907 he became the first U.S. citizen1 to receive the Nobel Prize ...
Green's function formulation for third-harmonic generation microscopy
... Third-harmonic generation from an interface perpendicular to the optical axis was illustrated by Barad et al.7 With the Green’s function model we are able to investigate THG from interfaces of different orientations. Figure 4 shows that THG signals can arise from an interface perpendicular or parall ...
... Third-harmonic generation from an interface perpendicular to the optical axis was illustrated by Barad et al.7 With the Green’s function model we are able to investigate THG from interfaces of different orientations. Figure 4 shows that THG signals can arise from an interface perpendicular or parall ...
Experimental test of beam splitter techniques
... barrier can be finely controlled at will. The beam splitter for a trapped condensate can actually be performed reducing for a short time the height of the barrier to allow the ...
... barrier can be finely controlled at will. The beam splitter for a trapped condensate can actually be performed reducing for a short time the height of the barrier to allow the ...
A simple demonstration of frustrated total internal reflection
... 共5兲–共7兲 and note that n, n2 − 1, and cos 0 are of the order of 1. It is then easy to see that the exponential approximation can be made for d ⲏ / 4. We will be considering this limit, that is, when the coupling between the two high refractive index media is exponential. Also note that, although t ...
... 共5兲–共7兲 and note that n, n2 − 1, and cos 0 are of the order of 1. It is then easy to see that the exponential approximation can be made for d ⲏ / 4. We will be considering this limit, that is, when the coupling between the two high refractive index media is exponential. Also note that, although t ...
Other photon-lithographies
... 3D interference lithography: results a) Polymeric photonic crystal generated by exposure of a 10μm film of photoresist to the interference pattern shown in Fig. 1A. The top surface is a (111) plane. b) Close-up of a (111) surface. c) Close-up of a (111) surface. ...
... 3D interference lithography: results a) Polymeric photonic crystal generated by exposure of a 10μm film of photoresist to the interference pattern shown in Fig. 1A. The top surface is a (111) plane. b) Close-up of a (111) surface. c) Close-up of a (111) surface. ...
conclusion
... f(x,y), with values of both phase and amplitude, can be directly represented by the DOE distribution g(x’,y’). In the calculus of the inverse light propagation, no restriction is made for complex amplitude objects. In this manner, g(x’,y’)=f(x’,y’)=a(x’,y’) exp [j(x’,y’)], where 0 a(x’,y’) 1 ...
... f(x,y), with values of both phase and amplitude, can be directly represented by the DOE distribution g(x’,y’). In the calculus of the inverse light propagation, no restriction is made for complex amplitude objects. In this manner, g(x’,y’)=f(x’,y’)=a(x’,y’) exp [j(x’,y’)], where 0 a(x’,y’) 1 ...
Optical Reconstruction of Holographic Images
... object-wave term R O RC O will produce an image at the original z-distance away from the hologram. Equivalently, we can simulate the propagation of a wave field equal to H digitally. Of course, R is never exactly a uniform plane wave, so distortion and noise are thereby introduced. The other terms ...
... object-wave term R O RC O will produce an image at the original z-distance away from the hologram. Equivalently, we can simulate the propagation of a wave field equal to H digitally. Of course, R is never exactly a uniform plane wave, so distortion and noise are thereby introduced. The other terms ...
the fresnel diffraction: a story of light and darkness
... The starting point of the wave theory is undoubtedly the historical doubleslits experiment of Young in 1801. The two slits were illuminated by a single slit exposed to sunlight, thin enough to produce the necessary spatially coherent light. Young could observe for the first time the interference frin ...
... The starting point of the wave theory is undoubtedly the historical doubleslits experiment of Young in 1801. The two slits were illuminated by a single slit exposed to sunlight, thin enough to produce the necessary spatially coherent light. Young could observe for the first time the interference frin ...
Mach Zehnder Interferometer and its Applications
... the core produce an interference pattern thus producing a very effective in-line MZI. This MZI has the same physical path length in both sensing and reference arms but has different optical path lengths because of modal dispersion as the beam passing through cladding experiences refractive index whi ...
... the core produce an interference pattern thus producing a very effective in-line MZI. This MZI has the same physical path length in both sensing and reference arms but has different optical path lengths because of modal dispersion as the beam passing through cladding experiences refractive index whi ...
Guided-mode triggered switching between TE orders of a metal
... grating depth is then varied to find out whether a cancellation of the -1st order amplitude at either side of, and close to the Littrow angle can also be obtained; the -1st and 0th order spectra B and A of Figure 2 show that it is the case indeed: a grating depth of 240 nm for a 180 nm thick dielect ...
... grating depth is then varied to find out whether a cancellation of the -1st order amplitude at either side of, and close to the Littrow angle can also be obtained; the -1st and 0th order spectra B and A of Figure 2 show that it is the case indeed: a grating depth of 240 nm for a 180 nm thick dielect ...
Aalborg Universitet Slow-plasmon resonant-nanostrip antennas
... Let us consider scattering spectra 共Fig. 1兲 that were obtained using a Green function surface integral equation method for the magnetic field15 and a p-polarized plane electromagnetic wave of wavelength 共propagating in the xy plane兲 being incident on a gold strip. The strip corners were rounded by ...
... Let us consider scattering spectra 共Fig. 1兲 that were obtained using a Green function surface integral equation method for the magnetic field15 and a p-polarized plane electromagnetic wave of wavelength 共propagating in the xy plane兲 being incident on a gold strip. The strip corners were rounded by ...
The orbital angular momentum of light
... pairs of photons can be entangled in their orbital angular momentum [4]. There has even been a demonstration of an indeterminacy relation between the angular position of a photon in a beam and its orbital angular momentum [5]. What sets orbital angular momentum apart from spin angular momentum, howe ...
... pairs of photons can be entangled in their orbital angular momentum [4]. There has even been a demonstration of an indeterminacy relation between the angular position of a photon in a beam and its orbital angular momentum [5]. What sets orbital angular momentum apart from spin angular momentum, howe ...
Full Article PDF
... randomly perturbed; more precisely, the phase, intensity and direction of the laser wave undergo turbulent fluctuations due to random refractive index fluctuations of the medium, which are mainly caused by temperature fluctuations. We assume that the pressure variations in the hot jet spread at very hi ...
... randomly perturbed; more precisely, the phase, intensity and direction of the laser wave undergo turbulent fluctuations due to random refractive index fluctuations of the medium, which are mainly caused by temperature fluctuations. We assume that the pressure variations in the hot jet spread at very hi ...
Phase locking of multiple optical fiber channels for a slow-light-enabled laser
... We present here the phase locking techniques used in our slow light laser radar (SLIDAR) system. The phase locking system satisfies the need for a simple, inexpensive, yet reasonably effective phase control system to allow the proper phasing of each emitter. In particular, the use of an electro-opti ...
... We present here the phase locking techniques used in our slow light laser radar (SLIDAR) system. The phase locking system satisfies the need for a simple, inexpensive, yet reasonably effective phase control system to allow the proper phasing of each emitter. In particular, the use of an electro-opti ...
Direct measurement of terahertz wavefront pulses using 2D electro
... Wavefront characterization of terahertz (THz) pulses is essential to optimize far-field intensity distribution or spot focalization, as well as increase the peak power of intense terahertz sources. In the visible spectral region, Hartmann masks, invented a century ago, are used to perform optical me ...
... Wavefront characterization of terahertz (THz) pulses is essential to optimize far-field intensity distribution or spot focalization, as well as increase the peak power of intense terahertz sources. In the visible spectral region, Hartmann masks, invented a century ago, are used to perform optical me ...
Hollow Retroreflectors Promote Precision Optical Alignment
... prisms) in boresighting, laser tracking, rangefinding, diverse laboratory applications and even space-based spectrometers. Within the past decade or so, enhanced work material and coating selection have expanded their application base into areas such as military and spacebased atmospheric monitoring ...
... prisms) in boresighting, laser tracking, rangefinding, diverse laboratory applications and even space-based spectrometers. Within the past decade or so, enhanced work material and coating selection have expanded their application base into areas such as military and spacebased atmospheric monitoring ...
The Fabry-Pérot Interferometer
... Slightly divergent monochromatic light enters the two glass plates in Fig. 2. Their four surfaces are very plane, the inner ones are parallel to each other and highly reflecting. To guide reflections from the outer faces away, the glass plates are wedged at 0.5◦ . The interference of light from the ...
... Slightly divergent monochromatic light enters the two glass plates in Fig. 2. Their four surfaces are very plane, the inner ones are parallel to each other and highly reflecting. To guide reflections from the outer faces away, the glass plates are wedged at 0.5◦ . The interference of light from the ...
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Attenuation_and_phase_shift_of_electromagnetic_wave_propagating_in_medium_with_complex_index_of_refraction_n.png?width=300)
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI) or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images. Standard X-ray imaging techniques like radiography or computed tomography (CT) rely on a decrease of the X-ray beam's intensity (attenuation) when traversing the sample, which can be measured directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector. In PCI however, the beam's phase shift caused by the sample is not measured directly, but is transformed into variations in intensity, which then can be recorded by the detector.In addition to producing projection images, PCI, like conventional transmission, can be combined with tomographic techniques to obtain the 3D distribution of the real part of the refractive index of the sample. When applied to samples that consist of atoms with low atomic number Z, PCI is more sensitive to density variations in the sample than conventional transmission-based X-ray imaging. This leads to images with improved soft tissue contrast.In the last several years, a variety of phase-contrast X-ray imaging techniques have been developed, all of which are based on the observation of interference patterns between diffracted and undiffracted waves. The most common techniques are crystal interferometry, propagation-based imaging, analyzer-based imaging, edge-illumination and grating-based imaging (see below).