Refractive Indices, Order Parameter and Optical Transmittance
... S = 12 h3 cos2 θ − 1i, where θ is angle between optic axis and long molecular axis of a molecule. Macroscopic order parameter (Q) as determined by different properties differs among them and also differs from microscopic order parameter because the effect of the local field is different on different ...
... S = 12 h3 cos2 θ − 1i, where θ is angle between optic axis and long molecular axis of a molecule. Macroscopic order parameter (Q) as determined by different properties differs among them and also differs from microscopic order parameter because the effect of the local field is different on different ...
Electrically Excited Inverse Electron Spin Resonance in a Split
... We can fabricate metamaterials precisely, because the size of metamaterials are millimeter order. but It is very difficult to fabricate metamaterials in large numbers. Downsizing of metamaterials is very important to practical realization of metamaterials. THz metamaterial We can fabricate metamater ...
... We can fabricate metamaterials precisely, because the size of metamaterials are millimeter order. but It is very difficult to fabricate metamaterials in large numbers. Downsizing of metamaterials is very important to practical realization of metamaterials. THz metamaterial We can fabricate metamater ...
Polarimetric imaging of crystals - Werner Kaminsky
... this is contained within several review articles2,40,44 but will not be addressed here in order to ground this work in recent history. The development of differential polarization imaging by Maestre, Tinoco, Bustamante and coworkers in the 1980s serves as an adequate introduction to the tools that w ...
... this is contained within several review articles2,40,44 but will not be addressed here in order to ground this work in recent history. The development of differential polarization imaging by Maestre, Tinoco, Bustamante and coworkers in the 1980s serves as an adequate introduction to the tools that w ...
High-precision, high-accuracy ultralong-range swept
... and linearized to enable signal resampling in wavenumber (k-space). Both OCT and MZI signals were acquired either by a digitizer (ATS9870, Alazar Inc., 1 GS∕s) or oscilloscope (DPO7104, Tektronix, Inc., 1 GHz bandwidth, 5 GS∕s). Prototype balanced photodetectors with 1.5 GHz bandwidth (Thorlabs, Inc ...
... and linearized to enable signal resampling in wavenumber (k-space). Both OCT and MZI signals were acquired either by a digitizer (ATS9870, Alazar Inc., 1 GS∕s) or oscilloscope (DPO7104, Tektronix, Inc., 1 GHz bandwidth, 5 GS∕s). Prototype balanced photodetectors with 1.5 GHz bandwidth (Thorlabs, Inc ...
b1.2. generation and propagation of higher order gaussian beams
... a confocal microscope leads to lots of spatial and temporal changes to the beam. Hence, it needs to be understood while using such higher order Gaussian beams. It has been thought that Gaussian beam propagating through an ideal thin lens or a mirror with small curvature undergoes a change in paramet ...
... a confocal microscope leads to lots of spatial and temporal changes to the beam. Hence, it needs to be understood while using such higher order Gaussian beams. It has been thought that Gaussian beam propagating through an ideal thin lens or a mirror with small curvature undergoes a change in paramet ...
Optical measurement of depth and duty cycle for
... inspection time required per sample are prohibitive to a manufacturing process, and the process itself is often damaging to the sample under inspection. For another example, profilometry with a confocal scanning laser microscope is difficult owing to the subwavelength features of the gratings.2 Thes ...
... inspection time required per sample are prohibitive to a manufacturing process, and the process itself is often damaging to the sample under inspection. For another example, profilometry with a confocal scanning laser microscope is difficult owing to the subwavelength features of the gratings.2 Thes ...
The Science and Engineering of Materials, 4th ed Donald R
... composites, and ceramics satisfy this requirement. 2. We might design the aircraft so that the radar signal is reflected at severe angles from the source. 3. The internal structure of the aircraft also can be made to absorb the radar. For example, use of a honeycomb material in the wings may cause t ...
... composites, and ceramics satisfy this requirement. 2. We might design the aircraft so that the radar signal is reflected at severe angles from the source. 3. The internal structure of the aircraft also can be made to absorb the radar. For example, use of a honeycomb material in the wings may cause t ...
Observation of Collective Friction Forces due to Spatial Self
... A significant prediction of a model for selforganization is the spontaneous breaking of translational symmetry in a standing-wave cavity by the atoms’ organization into either of two grating configurations [15]. Consider first atoms in a single yz plane. For a < 0, light forces associated with the ...
... A significant prediction of a model for selforganization is the spontaneous breaking of translational symmetry in a standing-wave cavity by the atoms’ organization into either of two grating configurations [15]. Consider first atoms in a single yz plane. For a < 0, light forces associated with the ...
Experimental Demonstration of a 2
... beneficial to enable an optical tapped-delay-line (OTDL) so that: (i) certain functions may be performed natively on optical data streams, and (ii) there exists the potential for optical functions to be performed at a very high rate [2]. There have been several reports on different ways to achieve a ...
... beneficial to enable an optical tapped-delay-line (OTDL) so that: (i) certain functions may be performed natively on optical data streams, and (ii) there exists the potential for optical functions to be performed at a very high rate [2]. There have been several reports on different ways to achieve a ...
Lecture 1(2) -Sources in diagnostic Rad.– Fluoroscopy - gnssn
... All fluoroscopic units: • shall display the instantaneous values of x-ray tube voltage (kV peak), tube current (mA) and accumulated fluoroscopic exposure time at the control or to the user. • should be provided with a Dose-Area Product metre or a measuring system to indicate patient exposure. • The ...
... All fluoroscopic units: • shall display the instantaneous values of x-ray tube voltage (kV peak), tube current (mA) and accumulated fluoroscopic exposure time at the control or to the user. • should be provided with a Dose-Area Product metre or a measuring system to indicate patient exposure. • The ...
Experimental implementation of the gyrator transform - E
... fractional orbital angular momentum [6], are obtained. In particular in Fig. 6 the modes generated from the input mode HG5,3 [Fig. 6(a)] by the GT for the angles ␣ 苸 关3 / 4 , 兴 are displayed. The first and the second rows show the numerical simulation of the intensity and phase ...
... fractional orbital angular momentum [6], are obtained. In particular in Fig. 6 the modes generated from the input mode HG5,3 [Fig. 6(a)] by the GT for the angles ␣ 苸 关3 / 4 , 兴 are displayed. The first and the second rows show the numerical simulation of the intensity and phase ...
Lecture 35: Holography.
... Invented in 1948 by Dennis Gabor for use in electron microscopy, before the invention of the laser Leith and Upatnieks (1962) applied laser light to holography and introduced an important off-axis technique ...
... Invented in 1948 by Dennis Gabor for use in electron microscopy, before the invention of the laser Leith and Upatnieks (1962) applied laser light to holography and introduced an important off-axis technique ...
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE REFRACTIVE INDICES AND
... The liquid crystal was encapsulated in a cell with plane-parallel glass plates, prepared to provide a planar and uniaxial alignment of the molecules. The cell with liquid crystal was thermostated using a special electric oven and temperature was measured with a digital thermometer with accuracy of 0 ...
... The liquid crystal was encapsulated in a cell with plane-parallel glass plates, prepared to provide a planar and uniaxial alignment of the molecules. The cell with liquid crystal was thermostated using a special electric oven and temperature was measured with a digital thermometer with accuracy of 0 ...
Photonic mm-Wave Local Oscillator - Harvard
... The open loop phase drift of the system was tested by power splitting the output of a microwave synthesizer, modulating our system with one of the two identical outputs and using the other output to pump a conventional multiplier chain. The synthesizer’s output frequency was 12.5 GHz and the final f ...
... The open loop phase drift of the system was tested by power splitting the output of a microwave synthesizer, modulating our system with one of the two identical outputs and using the other output to pump a conventional multiplier chain. The synthesizer’s output frequency was 12.5 GHz and the final f ...
A History of Imaging
... cannot be recovered without a priori information—for example, aliased frequencies and wavefront phase. To understand completely the impact of electronic detection of light on imaging, consider that spatial resolution in a film-based imaging system is limited solely by the optics. Film is merely a det ...
... cannot be recovered without a priori information—for example, aliased frequencies and wavefront phase. To understand completely the impact of electronic detection of light on imaging, consider that spatial resolution in a film-based imaging system is limited solely by the optics. Film is merely a det ...
Observing Angular Deviations in the Specular Reflection of a Light
... exist in nature. A beam is the closest approximation of a ray that we can use in a laboratory. Is this law still valid for a light beam? Starting in the 1970s, researchers have predicted a small angular deviation of the law of reflection for a beam.1,2,3 This is a diffractive consequence of the fact ...
... exist in nature. A beam is the closest approximation of a ray that we can use in a laboratory. Is this law still valid for a light beam? Starting in the 1970s, researchers have predicted a small angular deviation of the law of reflection for a beam.1,2,3 This is a diffractive consequence of the fact ...
OPTICAL CONSTANTS OF URANIUM NITRIDE IN THE XUV
... control of the nitrogen pressure in this range. Some change in plumbing of the system allowed more accurate control. The last two samples (UN004 and UN005) were sputtered at a nitrogen partial pressure of about 10-5 torr. Section 2.2 discusses characterization of the films to ensure that they are i ...
... control of the nitrogen pressure in this range. Some change in plumbing of the system allowed more accurate control. The last two samples (UN004 and UN005) were sputtered at a nitrogen partial pressure of about 10-5 torr. Section 2.2 discusses characterization of the films to ensure that they are i ...
“Pixel” team
... Objectives should be designed to work with UV-visible light in the range 250nm750nm. Mirror objectives shall be considered to minimize chromatic aberrations over this wavelength range. Overall transmission through a 30 µm diameter pinhole at the sample position should be greater than 25% in the 40 ...
... Objectives should be designed to work with UV-visible light in the range 250nm750nm. Mirror objectives shall be considered to minimize chromatic aberrations over this wavelength range. Overall transmission through a 30 µm diameter pinhole at the sample position should be greater than 25% in the 40 ...
TR555 - Princeton Instruments
... accessible at the one time. This is due to the TriVista’s unique feature that all three stages can be operated independently. Each experiment can be accessed by a simple mouse-click through an intuitive software interface which also incorporates a powerful EasySwitch feature (patent pending) to swit ...
... accessible at the one time. This is due to the TriVista’s unique feature that all three stages can be operated independently. Each experiment can be accessed by a simple mouse-click through an intuitive software interface which also incorporates a powerful EasySwitch feature (patent pending) to swit ...
to - UCL Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering
... optical excitation is used as it enables the large variation in the optical absorption and scattering properties of different tissue constituents to be exploited. Sources of naturally occurring absorption contrast include chromophores such as haemaglobin (and its various oxygenated states), melanin, ...
... optical excitation is used as it enables the large variation in the optical absorption and scattering properties of different tissue constituents to be exploited. Sources of naturally occurring absorption contrast include chromophores such as haemaglobin (and its various oxygenated states), melanin, ...
A method to generate complex quasi-nondiffracting optical lat
... Among their applications may be the control of evolution of matter-wave or optical solitons in optical lattices produced by the corresponding nondiffracting beams. Due to their unusual symmetry such lattices may allow observation of new types of soliton motion and may substantially enrich the possi ...
... Among their applications may be the control of evolution of matter-wave or optical solitons in optical lattices produced by the corresponding nondiffracting beams. Due to their unusual symmetry such lattices may allow observation of new types of soliton motion and may substantially enrich the possi ...
Get PDF - OSA Publishing
... A particular solution is obtained if ϕ̄ = ϕ̄ ′ = θ2 + 2θ1 = θ̄2′ − 2θ̄3 = 0, that is, the reference ray in both the object and image space and the z-axis are parallel. Such a particular solution leads to the design proposed by Chrisp et al. [4]. The meridional and sagittal images are in fact curves ...
... A particular solution is obtained if ϕ̄ = ϕ̄ ′ = θ2 + 2θ1 = θ̄2′ − 2θ̄3 = 0, that is, the reference ray in both the object and image space and the z-axis are parallel. Such a particular solution leads to the design proposed by Chrisp et al. [4]. The meridional and sagittal images are in fact curves ...
RE: [interferometry] Re: LUPI - Shack variation Ric: The original
... between the test and reference beams. This is tough to achieve with the Shack. Lack of coherence in our HeNe laser compounds this problem. I just set up our Shack cube for uncoated mirrors for use with our new continuous wave stabilized laser. In fact the glue is drying as we speak. I’ll have my fir ...
... between the test and reference beams. This is tough to achieve with the Shack. Lack of coherence in our HeNe laser compounds this problem. I just set up our Shack cube for uncoated mirrors for use with our new continuous wave stabilized laser. In fact the glue is drying as we speak. I’ll have my fir ...
Miniaturized Fiber-Optic Fabry-Perot Interferometer for Highly
... Fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPI) have been successfully commercialized and widely used for measurement of temperature, strain, pressure, displacement, ultrasonic waves, and RI [7] . Especially, the measurement of RI using the FPI sensors has attracted great attentions as they can offer ...
... Fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPI) have been successfully commercialized and widely used for measurement of temperature, strain, pressure, displacement, ultrasonic waves, and RI [7] . Especially, the measurement of RI using the FPI sensors has attracted great attentions as they can offer ...
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI) or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images. Standard X-ray imaging techniques like radiography or computed tomography (CT) rely on a decrease of the X-ray beam's intensity (attenuation) when traversing the sample, which can be measured directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector. In PCI however, the beam's phase shift caused by the sample is not measured directly, but is transformed into variations in intensity, which then can be recorded by the detector.In addition to producing projection images, PCI, like conventional transmission, can be combined with tomographic techniques to obtain the 3D distribution of the real part of the refractive index of the sample. When applied to samples that consist of atoms with low atomic number Z, PCI is more sensitive to density variations in the sample than conventional transmission-based X-ray imaging. This leads to images with improved soft tissue contrast.In the last several years, a variety of phase-contrast X-ray imaging techniques have been developed, all of which are based on the observation of interference patterns between diffracted and undiffracted waves. The most common techniques are crystal interferometry, propagation-based imaging, analyzer-based imaging, edge-illumination and grating-based imaging (see below).