Exp7. Birefringence in Calcite Crystals
... 8. Discuss whether the Snells’ law applies for normal and extraordinary light passage. ...
... 8. Discuss whether the Snells’ law applies for normal and extraordinary light passage. ...
Silicon-on-Insulator Grating Duplexer for Fiber-to-the
... range over which light can be efficiently coupled between the photonic integrated circuit and a single mode optical fiber, while at the same time perform the duplexing operation for wavelength band λ1 and λ2, as shown in figure 1. While depicted in a standard transceiver configuration, both waveleng ...
... range over which light can be efficiently coupled between the photonic integrated circuit and a single mode optical fiber, while at the same time perform the duplexing operation for wavelength band λ1 and λ2, as shown in figure 1. While depicted in a standard transceiver configuration, both waveleng ...
Introduction to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
... Contamination can be reduced in first place by improving the vacuum in the specimen chamber. Also anti-contamination devices can be employed, which cool area in the close vicinity of the specimen so that hydrocarbon migration is reduced. This can be achieved also by cooling directly the sample. Anot ...
... Contamination can be reduced in first place by improving the vacuum in the specimen chamber. Also anti-contamination devices can be employed, which cool area in the close vicinity of the specimen so that hydrocarbon migration is reduced. This can be achieved also by cooling directly the sample. Anot ...
幻灯片 1 - 长安大学精品课程网站
... principle of superposition, which we introduced in Section 20-2 in the context of waves on a string. This principle also applies to electromagnetic waves and is the most important principle in all of physical optics, so make sure you understand it well. The principle of superposition states: When tw ...
... principle of superposition, which we introduced in Section 20-2 in the context of waves on a string. This principle also applies to electromagnetic waves and is the most important principle in all of physical optics, so make sure you understand it well. The principle of superposition states: When tw ...
Tuning the polarization state of light via time retardation with...
... on the two arms are different. The phase of the top end of the y arm is about −135◦ (orange in color), and the phase of the right end of the x arm is about 135◦ (pink in color), as illustrated on the bottom left L shape in Fig. 3(d). Therefore, the phase of the y dipole is about 90◦ ahead of the pha ...
... on the two arms are different. The phase of the top end of the y arm is about −135◦ (orange in color), and the phase of the right end of the x arm is about 135◦ (pink in color), as illustrated on the bottom left L shape in Fig. 3(d). Therefore, the phase of the y dipole is about 90◦ ahead of the pha ...
coefficient extinction molar riboflavin
... UV absorbance is about 1000 x easier to detect per mole than NMR Still used in following reactions where the chromophore changes (useful) because timescale is so fast, and sensitivity is very high. Kinetics, esp. in biochemistry, enzymology. ...
... UV absorbance is about 1000 x easier to detect per mole than NMR Still used in following reactions where the chromophore changes (useful) because timescale is so fast, and sensitivity is very high. Kinetics, esp. in biochemistry, enzymology. ...
Rapid fabrication of 3D terahertz split ring resonator arrays by novel
... was performed through the application of nearly plane-wave incident light illumination through the surface mask with either single or multiphoton photoactivation. This technique departs from conventional phase mask lithography by utilizing a soft-lithographic process to generate a proximal 2D surfac ...
... was performed through the application of nearly plane-wave incident light illumination through the surface mask with either single or multiphoton photoactivation. This technique departs from conventional phase mask lithography by utilizing a soft-lithographic process to generate a proximal 2D surfac ...
High-speed optical frequency-domain imaging
... Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows minimally-invasive cross-sectional imaging of biological samples [1] and has been investigated for numerous applications in biology and medicine. In most OCT systems, one-dimensional (depth) ranging is provided by lowcoherence interferometry [2,3] in which t ...
... Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows minimally-invasive cross-sectional imaging of biological samples [1] and has been investigated for numerous applications in biology and medicine. In most OCT systems, one-dimensional (depth) ranging is provided by lowcoherence interferometry [2,3] in which t ...
Optical Interferometers
... the wavelength of light is small (600 − 700 nm for a red laser), Michelson interferometers are able to measure distance variation with very good precision. In a Fabry-Perot configuration input light field bounces between two closely spaced partially reflecting surfaces, creating a large number of re ...
... the wavelength of light is small (600 − 700 nm for a red laser), Michelson interferometers are able to measure distance variation with very good precision. In a Fabry-Perot configuration input light field bounces between two closely spaced partially reflecting surfaces, creating a large number of re ...
System for observing interference phenomenon: In the previous
... (glass plate) G1 which is semi silvered on its back surface and mounted at 45° to the axis. Light ray incident ‘O' is refracted into the glass plate and reaches point A , where where it is partially reflected (ray 1) and partially transmitted ray 2. These rays then fall normally on mirrors M1 (movab ...
... (glass plate) G1 which is semi silvered on its back surface and mounted at 45° to the axis. Light ray incident ‘O' is refracted into the glass plate and reaches point A , where where it is partially reflected (ray 1) and partially transmitted ray 2. These rays then fall normally on mirrors M1 (movab ...
CavityRingDown_Acous..
... the aperture smaller so the beams don’t overlap, measure the rise time and peak diffraction efficiency (not diffracted power, but ratio of diffracted output to input) as a function focal spot size, varied inversely ¢ = ¸F=A by opening and closing the aperture A (or perhaps by z-shifting the AOD). No ...
... the aperture smaller so the beams don’t overlap, measure the rise time and peak diffraction efficiency (not diffracted power, but ratio of diffracted output to input) as a function focal spot size, varied inversely ¢ = ¸F=A by opening and closing the aperture A (or perhaps by z-shifting the AOD). No ...
The generation of nondiffracting beams using
... with z, but not the amplitude. Hence, as the beam propagates, there is no perceptible change in its transverse intensity because this intensity is proportional to the square of the amplitude of the field. More details on nondiffracting beams can be found in Refs. 10 and 11. The propagation of a wave ...
... with z, but not the amplitude. Hence, as the beam propagates, there is no perceptible change in its transverse intensity because this intensity is proportional to the square of the amplitude of the field. More details on nondiffracting beams can be found in Refs. 10 and 11. The propagation of a wave ...
Document
... exit slit when the slit is too narrow. The first case leads to bad wavelength selection (bad resolution) as a mixture of wavelengths is obtained, while the other case may make it impossible for the detector to sense the low power beam (bad detectability). Therefore, the width of the slits should be ...
... exit slit when the slit is too narrow. The first case leads to bad wavelength selection (bad resolution) as a mixture of wavelengths is obtained, while the other case may make it impossible for the detector to sense the low power beam (bad detectability). Therefore, the width of the slits should be ...
Total Reflection
... Total internal reflections can be demonstrated using a semi-circular glass block. A "ray box" shines a narrow beam of light (a "ray") onto the glass. The semi-circular shape ensures that a ray pointing towards the centre of the flat face will hit the curved surface at a right angle; this will pr ...
... Total internal reflections can be demonstrated using a semi-circular glass block. A "ray box" shines a narrow beam of light (a "ray") onto the glass. The semi-circular shape ensures that a ray pointing towards the centre of the flat face will hit the curved surface at a right angle; this will pr ...
Spatial amplitude and phase modulation using commercial twisted
... Twisted nematic LCDs owe their name to the helical structure formed by the molecules inside the LCD cells, in absence of an electric field. When a voltage is applied over the edges of the LCD cell, the molecules are aligned to the electric field and the twisted structure disappears. By changing the ...
... Twisted nematic LCDs owe their name to the helical structure formed by the molecules inside the LCD cells, in absence of an electric field. When a voltage is applied over the edges of the LCD cell, the molecules are aligned to the electric field and the twisted structure disappears. By changing the ...
Synchronized ti scattering microscopy
... For CRS microscopy, collinear pump- and Stokes-beams are coupled into one of two modified laser scanning upright microscopes (BX61WI/FV300, Olympus for SRS imaging and TCS-SP5, Leica for video-rate CARS imaging). We use a 60x 1.2NA water immersion objective (UPlanApo / IR, Olympus) to focus the beam ...
... For CRS microscopy, collinear pump- and Stokes-beams are coupled into one of two modified laser scanning upright microscopes (BX61WI/FV300, Olympus for SRS imaging and TCS-SP5, Leica for video-rate CARS imaging). We use a 60x 1.2NA water immersion objective (UPlanApo / IR, Olympus) to focus the beam ...
Inter 1-4
... Loyd Mirror •Division of amplitude ( Intensity) Thin film interference Note: In practice it is not possible to get independent two sources which are coherent. But two virtual sources formed from one single source can act as Coherent sources. ...
... Loyd Mirror •Division of amplitude ( Intensity) Thin film interference Note: In practice it is not possible to get independent two sources which are coherent. But two virtual sources formed from one single source can act as Coherent sources. ...
Coherence and Phase Sensitive Measurements in a Quantum Dot
... transport can be considered as a scattering experiment. In the case of a single plane wave impinging on a system the conductance is simply proportional to the absolute value squared of the transmission coefficient of the system. It is therefore evident that the relative phase between incoming and ou ...
... transport can be considered as a scattering experiment. In the case of a single plane wave impinging on a system the conductance is simply proportional to the absolute value squared of the transmission coefficient of the system. It is therefore evident that the relative phase between incoming and ou ...
Imaging optical singularities; Understanding the duality of C-points and optical vortices
... Figure 5. Map of possible configurations of C-points: lemons (L), monstars (M) and stars (S). Inserts show examples of computed polarization maps. ...
... Figure 5. Map of possible configurations of C-points: lemons (L), monstars (M) and stars (S). Inserts show examples of computed polarization maps. ...
Bistable localized emission states in a 200 μm broad
... different positions within the aperture of a broad-area VCSEL with frequencyselective feedback. These spots can be switched on and off with an incoherent injected field. Introduction Recent years showed remarkable progress in achieving, controlling and understanding of bistable soliton-like emission ...
... different positions within the aperture of a broad-area VCSEL with frequencyselective feedback. These spots can be switched on and off with an incoherent injected field. Introduction Recent years showed remarkable progress in achieving, controlling and understanding of bistable soliton-like emission ...
chapter 7 calcite - Microlab Gallery
... Light can be modeled using a line of points that is normal to the propagation direction of the beat. Each point is used as a source for a wave and a curved line is drawn representing the crest of the wave after traveling one wavelength from each source. A tangent is drawn to these curves that connec ...
... Light can be modeled using a line of points that is normal to the propagation direction of the beat. Each point is used as a source for a wave and a curved line is drawn representing the crest of the wave after traveling one wavelength from each source. A tangent is drawn to these curves that connec ...
Self-Organization of Atomic Samples in Resonators and Collective Light Forces.
... twice the Doppler effect of the falling cloud (see Fig. 3a). The modulation can be understood in terms of the interference of the light emitted upward (with Doppler effect −kv, where v is the downward velocity of the cloud), and the light emitted downward, with Doppler effect +kv. Alternatively, the ...
... twice the Doppler effect of the falling cloud (see Fig. 3a). The modulation can be understood in terms of the interference of the light emitted upward (with Doppler effect −kv, where v is the downward velocity of the cloud), and the light emitted downward, with Doppler effect +kv. Alternatively, the ...
Nanostructured Holograms for Broadband Manipulation of Vector
... white boxes. Each sample is illuminated by a right-handed circularly polarized plane wave incoming at normal incidence. The wavelength of the light in the simulation is 633 nm, but identical results have been obtained across the visible spectrum. All simulations have been performed using commercial ...
... white boxes. Each sample is illuminated by a right-handed circularly polarized plane wave incoming at normal incidence. The wavelength of the light in the simulation is 633 nm, but identical results have been obtained across the visible spectrum. All simulations have been performed using commercial ...
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI) or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images. Standard X-ray imaging techniques like radiography or computed tomography (CT) rely on a decrease of the X-ray beam's intensity (attenuation) when traversing the sample, which can be measured directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector. In PCI however, the beam's phase shift caused by the sample is not measured directly, but is transformed into variations in intensity, which then can be recorded by the detector.In addition to producing projection images, PCI, like conventional transmission, can be combined with tomographic techniques to obtain the 3D distribution of the real part of the refractive index of the sample. When applied to samples that consist of atoms with low atomic number Z, PCI is more sensitive to density variations in the sample than conventional transmission-based X-ray imaging. This leads to images with improved soft tissue contrast.In the last several years, a variety of phase-contrast X-ray imaging techniques have been developed, all of which are based on the observation of interference patterns between diffracted and undiffracted waves. The most common techniques are crystal interferometry, propagation-based imaging, analyzer-based imaging, edge-illumination and grating-based imaging (see below).