![Total 3D imaging of phase objects using defocusing microscopy](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/015301090_1-622cbf4fa96f3dbfc3952c2424ab1efe-300x300.png)
Total 3D imaging of phase objects using defocusing microscopy
... RBCs separated by axial distances down to 300 nm. Transparent objects that would be invisible in a standard bright-field optical microscope can turn visible by defocusing the microscope, since the act of defocusing introduces a phase difference between the diffracted orders and the non-diffracted tr ...
... RBCs separated by axial distances down to 300 nm. Transparent objects that would be invisible in a standard bright-field optical microscope can turn visible by defocusing the microscope, since the act of defocusing introduces a phase difference between the diffracted orders and the non-diffracted tr ...
Measuring Human Chromosomes using Confocal microscopy
... commonly used method in observing fine structures, can observe the chromosome fully but can only obtain two dimensional information since it senses only the surface, not the inner structure. [3] Lensless imaging is a high resolution microscopy and is applied to such fields that face difficulties wit ...
... commonly used method in observing fine structures, can observe the chromosome fully but can only obtain two dimensional information since it senses only the surface, not the inner structure. [3] Lensless imaging is a high resolution microscopy and is applied to such fields that face difficulties wit ...
Experiment 1: Fraunhofer Diffraction of Light by a Single Slit
... "Diffraction" refers to the spreading of waves and appearance of fringes that occur when a wave front is constricted by an aperture in a screen that is otherwise opaque. The Huygens-Fresnel principle governs diffraction phenomena: "Every unobstructed element of a wavefront acts as a source of spheri ...
... "Diffraction" refers to the spreading of waves and appearance of fringes that occur when a wave front is constricted by an aperture in a screen that is otherwise opaque. The Huygens-Fresnel principle governs diffraction phenomena: "Every unobstructed element of a wavefront acts as a source of spheri ...
8 - web page for staff
... x,y, and z axes with nE = 1.487 and nO = 1.536. An input wave propagating in the z-direction at λ = 0.63 μm is linearly polarized at a 45º angle relative to the x- and y- axes. A voltage V applied across the crystal in the x-direction. The voltage is increased from V = 0 until, when V = 245 V, the o ...
... x,y, and z axes with nE = 1.487 and nO = 1.536. An input wave propagating in the z-direction at λ = 0.63 μm is linearly polarized at a 45º angle relative to the x- and y- axes. A voltage V applied across the crystal in the x-direction. The voltage is increased from V = 0 until, when V = 245 V, the o ...
... 632.8 nm. Never look directly at a laser beam nor permit anyone else to do so! Exposure to the direct or reflected beam for more than a few seconds will cause serious eye damage. Do not pick up the lasers and shine them around the room. If these simple precautions are taken then there will be no ris ...
Non-invasive ophthalmic imaging of adult zebrafish eye using
... also takes a longer time to emerge compared to the unscattered (ballistic) or predominantly forward-scattered (snakelike) components. The latter essentially travels in the forward direction and so arrives earlier. Coherence gating filters-out ballistic photons with the highest image information and ...
... also takes a longer time to emerge compared to the unscattered (ballistic) or predominantly forward-scattered (snakelike) components. The latter essentially travels in the forward direction and so arrives earlier. Coherence gating filters-out ballistic photons with the highest image information and ...
Diffractive optical elements stored on photopolymers
... wavelength the dye presents the maximum absorption) is expanded and collimated using a spatial filter and a lens, obtaining a beam with 1.5 cm of radius. A wave plate and a neutral filter (attenuator) are added before the spatial filter to control the orientation and the intensity of the linearly po ...
... wavelength the dye presents the maximum absorption) is expanded and collimated using a spatial filter and a lens, obtaining a beam with 1.5 cm of radius. A wave plate and a neutral filter (attenuator) are added before the spatial filter to control the orientation and the intensity of the linearly po ...
297.4 kB
... The past ten years have seen much interest in the application of deformation/strain measurement techniques for the inspection and monitoring of works of art, covering point-strain measurements using resistance-strain gauges and fibre-optic sensors, as well as full-field optical measurement approache ...
... The past ten years have seen much interest in the application of deformation/strain measurement techniques for the inspection and monitoring of works of art, covering point-strain measurements using resistance-strain gauges and fibre-optic sensors, as well as full-field optical measurement approache ...
Amplitude and Phase of Tightly Focused Laser Beams in Turbid Media
... homogeneous media [1]. However, biological samples are composed of cellular and extracellular components of varying size and refractive index [2,3] that act as scattering centers and distort the electric field [4]. Experiments show that focused beam propagation in turbid media results in attenuation ...
... homogeneous media [1]. However, biological samples are composed of cellular and extracellular components of varying size and refractive index [2,3] that act as scattering centers and distort the electric field [4]. Experiments show that focused beam propagation in turbid media results in attenuation ...
Lecture 04
... A microscope with an adjustable, small diaphragm serving as light source. While the diaphragm in the base normally controls the size of the illuminated field and is therefore called “luminous field diaphragm”, in our setup this diaphragm acts as “aperture diaphragm”, since there is no condenser used ...
... A microscope with an adjustable, small diaphragm serving as light source. While the diaphragm in the base normally controls the size of the illuminated field and is therefore called “luminous field diaphragm”, in our setup this diaphragm acts as “aperture diaphragm”, since there is no condenser used ...
Lecture 10 - KFUPM Faculty List
... CS2, 4.5x10-14 cm2/W and n1.6 at vac =1m Pc 30KW; fused silica, 2.5x10-16 cm2/W and n1.5 at vac1m Pc 3.5MW. ...
... CS2, 4.5x10-14 cm2/W and n1.6 at vac =1m Pc 30KW; fused silica, 2.5x10-16 cm2/W and n1.5 at vac1m Pc 3.5MW. ...
Document
... where ω is the angular frequency, as before, and K is a constant. For a fixed position, y = Asin(ω t +φ); that is to say, the temporal variation is sinusoidal with amplitude A, frequency ω and phase constant φ. Similarly, for a given time t, y = Asin(Kx+τ) so that a “photograph” of the string would ...
... where ω is the angular frequency, as before, and K is a constant. For a fixed position, y = Asin(ω t +φ); that is to say, the temporal variation is sinusoidal with amplitude A, frequency ω and phase constant φ. Similarly, for a given time t, y = Asin(Kx+τ) so that a “photograph” of the string would ...
Generation of vortex beams by an image-rotating - AS
... axis, the circulating light will exactly overlap the injected beam after four trips around the cavity rather than after a single pass. The mode spacing is then c/4L, so there are three extra resonances between the original modes associated with perfect seed alignment. They correspond to single-pass ...
... axis, the circulating light will exactly overlap the injected beam after four trips around the cavity rather than after a single pass. The mode spacing is then c/4L, so there are three extra resonances between the original modes associated with perfect seed alignment. They correspond to single-pass ...
Volume Holographic Recording and Readout for 90
... where k refers to a propagation constant of light in the material, to be made more precise later. Also, the angle of the grating vector is terms in the surviving Laplace variable. It is pointed outthat the inverse transformation of 2-D Laplace functions as derived here is rather difficult even under ...
... where k refers to a propagation constant of light in the material, to be made more precise later. Also, the angle of the grating vector is terms in the surviving Laplace variable. It is pointed outthat the inverse transformation of 2-D Laplace functions as derived here is rather difficult even under ...
Inverse scattering for frequency-scanned full-field
... contributions are removed by coherence gating. The usual technique is then to translate the sample through the focal plane so that the scatterers at many different depths may be imaged and a 3-D structure obtained. While this method can be used to obtain highresolution images for the entire volumes ...
... contributions are removed by coherence gating. The usual technique is then to translate the sample through the focal plane so that the scatterers at many different depths may be imaged and a 3-D structure obtained. While this method can be used to obtain highresolution images for the entire volumes ...
PPT
... By sending in many colors, one can learn about the density, composition, and structure of the tissue. Used for medical diagnostics – like a microscope, but you don’t have to excise the sample from the body! Used to study ...
... By sending in many colors, one can learn about the density, composition, and structure of the tissue. Used for medical diagnostics – like a microscope, but you don’t have to excise the sample from the body! Used to study ...
Slides
... Adams and K.-J. Kim, to be published) The XFEL-O output pulses are copies of the same circulating intra-cavity pulse By stabilizing cavity RT time to less than 0.01l/c, the spectrum of XFELO output becomes a comb The extreme-stabilized XFEL-O will establish an x-ray-based length standard and h ...
... Adams and K.-J. Kim, to be published) The XFEL-O output pulses are copies of the same circulating intra-cavity pulse By stabilizing cavity RT time to less than 0.01l/c, the spectrum of XFELO output becomes a comb The extreme-stabilized XFEL-O will establish an x-ray-based length standard and h ...
FTIR Instrumentation
... In 1949 astrophysicist Peter Fellgett used an interferometer to measure light from celestial bodies and produced the first Fourier transform infrared spectrum. But for many years, only a few advanced research groups with access to large, expensive computers and with personnel able to wait up to 12 h ...
... In 1949 astrophysicist Peter Fellgett used an interferometer to measure light from celestial bodies and produced the first Fourier transform infrared spectrum. But for many years, only a few advanced research groups with access to large, expensive computers and with personnel able to wait up to 12 h ...
Montgomery self-imaging effect using computer
... and [14]. In both cases, spatial filtering techniques were used. In [14], it is shown that – under suitable conditions – quasi-periodic and aperiodic ring pupils generate self-imaging wavefields. Here, a relationship to Bessel or ‘‘nondiffracting’’ beams [15] is of interest: each ring in the pupil is t ...
... and [14]. In both cases, spatial filtering techniques were used. In [14], it is shown that – under suitable conditions – quasi-periodic and aperiodic ring pupils generate self-imaging wavefields. Here, a relationship to Bessel or ‘‘nondiffracting’’ beams [15] is of interest: each ring in the pupil is t ...
Diffraction Free Beams
... The energy diffracts during propagation, but the figure of interference remains unchanged Ideal CW are extended waves carrying infinite energy ...
... The energy diffracts during propagation, but the figure of interference remains unchanged Ideal CW are extended waves carrying infinite energy ...
Chapter 5 : Diffraction and Beam Formation Using arrays
... directions of the source that can be summed in phase, just as the signals from the main source. It can also be viewed as aliases in space. ...
... directions of the source that can be summed in phase, just as the signals from the main source. It can also be viewed as aliases in space. ...
Second-harmonic generation of amplified femtosecond Ti:sapphire
... times higher (150 GW cm–2 ). In this case an efficient conversion already takes place within a short distance from the input face of the crystal. The second-harmonic pulse containing the major part of the optical energy is formed before the group-velocity mismatch can have any significant effect on ...
... times higher (150 GW cm–2 ). In this case an efficient conversion already takes place within a short distance from the input face of the crystal. The second-harmonic pulse containing the major part of the optical energy is formed before the group-velocity mismatch can have any significant effect on ...
Relativistic Corrections in Displacement Measuring Interferometry
... In a typical step-and-scan photolithographic exposure tool a wafer is scanned in a serpentine pattern under the projection optics. Let us assume that the mask pattern is projected onto a wafer at four-fold reduction. This requires that the reticle stage moves in a highly synchronized manner with the ...
... In a typical step-and-scan photolithographic exposure tool a wafer is scanned in a serpentine pattern under the projection optics. Let us assume that the mask pattern is projected onto a wafer at four-fold reduction. This requires that the reticle stage moves in a highly synchronized manner with the ...
Chapter 11. Photoelasticity. Introduction Sample problems 11
... polarized light incident on a half wave plate with the fast axis making an angle of 450 with the vertical axis. Get the expression of the emerging wavefronts and the type of polarization. Solution to 11-S1 Figure P11.1 shows the scheme of the plane polarized light incident on a quarter wave plate. D ...
... polarized light incident on a half wave plate with the fast axis making an angle of 450 with the vertical axis. Get the expression of the emerging wavefronts and the type of polarization. Solution to 11-S1 Figure P11.1 shows the scheme of the plane polarized light incident on a quarter wave plate. D ...
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Attenuation_and_phase_shift_of_electromagnetic_wave_propagating_in_medium_with_complex_index_of_refraction_n.png?width=300)
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI) or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images. Standard X-ray imaging techniques like radiography or computed tomography (CT) rely on a decrease of the X-ray beam's intensity (attenuation) when traversing the sample, which can be measured directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector. In PCI however, the beam's phase shift caused by the sample is not measured directly, but is transformed into variations in intensity, which then can be recorded by the detector.In addition to producing projection images, PCI, like conventional transmission, can be combined with tomographic techniques to obtain the 3D distribution of the real part of the refractive index of the sample. When applied to samples that consist of atoms with low atomic number Z, PCI is more sensitive to density variations in the sample than conventional transmission-based X-ray imaging. This leads to images with improved soft tissue contrast.In the last several years, a variety of phase-contrast X-ray imaging techniques have been developed, all of which are based on the observation of interference patterns between diffracted and undiffracted waves. The most common techniques are crystal interferometry, propagation-based imaging, analyzer-based imaging, edge-illumination and grating-based imaging (see below).