![Field distributions in the crossover from ballistic to diffusive wave](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/020573694_1-1dbd5214685b562c68f0359f28b81671-300x300.png)
Field distributions in the crossover from ballistic to diffusive wave
... its ensemble average, is nearly flat. The extent of the deviation of the residual field from complete randomization depends upon the frequency, sample length, and modes of excitation. @S1063-651X~97!51608-4# PACS number~s!: 42.25.Bs, 02.50.2r ...
... its ensemble average, is nearly flat. The extent of the deviation of the residual field from complete randomization depends upon the frequency, sample length, and modes of excitation. @S1063-651X~97!51608-4# PACS number~s!: 42.25.Bs, 02.50.2r ...
arXiv:quant-ph/0602132 v2 20 Feb 2006
... too distant future, such improvement in the storage density would require the use of very short wavelength light beyond the ultra-violet spectrum that cannot be generated with known laser optics. To date, there have been a number of suggested alternatives for obtaining higher optical storage densiti ...
... too distant future, such improvement in the storage density would require the use of very short wavelength light beyond the ultra-violet spectrum that cannot be generated with known laser optics. To date, there have been a number of suggested alternatives for obtaining higher optical storage densiti ...
No Slide Title - DCC
... sensing signals for a suspended coupled-cavity system. Both schemes provided stable, decoupled control signals over several hours in a stable ...
... sensing signals for a suspended coupled-cavity system. Both schemes provided stable, decoupled control signals over several hours in a stable ...
Experiment 4: Refraction and Interference with Microwaves
... constructive interference of the reflected waves is that m be an integer. The above conclusions still apply if upon reflection the waves (1) and (2) do undergo a phase change, so long as the phase change is the same for both waves. It is possible, however, that a difference in phase shift can result ...
... constructive interference of the reflected waves is that m be an integer. The above conclusions still apply if upon reflection the waves (1) and (2) do undergo a phase change, so long as the phase change is the same for both waves. It is possible, however, that a difference in phase shift can result ...
Holographic methods for phase microscopic objects study
... Phase-contrast microscopes are widely used for phase microobjects visualization. But they allow only 2D imaging of the microobjects, measurement of their thicknesses is impossible. Interference microscopes give the possibility of quantitative measurements, but they are mainly used only for thin film ...
... Phase-contrast microscopes are widely used for phase microobjects visualization. But they allow only 2D imaging of the microobjects, measurement of their thicknesses is impossible. Interference microscopes give the possibility of quantitative measurements, but they are mainly used only for thin film ...
The creation and annihilation of optical vortices using cascade
... An alternative approach to creating beams with tunable OAM is to tune the SAM and then convert SAM to OAM. This has the advantage that the SAM is readily tunable using standard optical components that manipulate the polarisation. Recent publications on the conversion of SAM into OAM using q-plates s ...
... An alternative approach to creating beams with tunable OAM is to tune the SAM and then convert SAM to OAM. This has the advantage that the SAM is readily tunable using standard optical components that manipulate the polarisation. Recent publications on the conversion of SAM into OAM using q-plates s ...
Generation and application of a high-average- power polarized soft-x-ray laser beam
... The diffraction grating that was characterized in this experiment was prepared by ion-beam etching of singlecrystal silicon. It had a rectangular groove profile with a line density of 1200 lines/mm. The width of the grooves corresponded to 77% of the period, and their depth was 17.6 nm. Figures 5(a) ...
... The diffraction grating that was characterized in this experiment was prepared by ion-beam etching of singlecrystal silicon. It had a rectangular groove profile with a line density of 1200 lines/mm. The width of the grooves corresponded to 77% of the period, and their depth was 17.6 nm. Figures 5(a) ...
CH915: Elemental Analysis
... entire sample atomised in very short time atoms in optical path for a second or more (flame 10-4 s) ...
... entire sample atomised in very short time atoms in optical path for a second or more (flame 10-4 s) ...
Fiber Bragg Gratings
... approach to solving the grating problem. By contrast, the Bloch method uses two stages. First, the dispersion relation is solved to obtain the eigenmodes in the periodic structure. Second, the eigenmodes that are excited by the plane wave spectrum are identified. We begin with Floquet’s theorem whic ...
... approach to solving the grating problem. By contrast, the Bloch method uses two stages. First, the dispersion relation is solved to obtain the eigenmodes in the periodic structure. Second, the eigenmodes that are excited by the plane wave spectrum are identified. We begin with Floquet’s theorem whic ...
x-ray characterization of resistor/dielectric material for low
... configuration to that of a buried component within the multi-layered circuit structures. The benefits for this modification include increasedminiaturization and circuit density, and enhanced reliability of these devices. However, there are also significant challengesto overcome in this transition. I ...
... configuration to that of a buried component within the multi-layered circuit structures. The benefits for this modification include increasedminiaturization and circuit density, and enhanced reliability of these devices. However, there are also significant challengesto overcome in this transition. I ...
Biological specimen 3D morphology and refractive index separation
... morphology and the refractive index of cells, unicellular organisms or more complex biological specimens has a great importance in visualizing and studying biological processes occurring in living specimens in their natural environment. The measurement of 3D morphology changes can be used for exampl ...
... morphology and the refractive index of cells, unicellular organisms or more complex biological specimens has a great importance in visualizing and studying biological processes occurring in living specimens in their natural environment. The measurement of 3D morphology changes can be used for exampl ...
Waves All Around Us!
... •intensity (or amplitude, perceived by humans as the brightness of the light), •frequency (or wavelength, perceived by humans as the color of the light), •polarization (or angle of vibration and not perceptible by humans under ordinary circumstances) ...
... •intensity (or amplitude, perceived by humans as the brightness of the light), •frequency (or wavelength, perceived by humans as the color of the light), •polarization (or angle of vibration and not perceptible by humans under ordinary circumstances) ...
The Influence of Detector Active Area on Sensitivity and Noise
... tem with a lens or other imaging optics such as radiometers. In our drawing (Figure B) the active area is identical with the field stop and determines the instrument’s field of view e.g. the spot size in which the temperature is measured. As an alternative, place an additional field stop (simple ape ...
... tem with a lens or other imaging optics such as radiometers. In our drawing (Figure B) the active area is identical with the field stop and determines the instrument’s field of view e.g. the spot size in which the temperature is measured. As an alternative, place an additional field stop (simple ape ...
Homework Set #7 Due: 4-4-14
... extraordinary wave. Find . (Rather than try and solve a complicated equation, I like to use an iterative approach here. You have the correct angle when Snell’s Law and the equation for the extraordinary index of refraction are self-consistent.) (c) Just for practice, identify if the polarization is ...
... extraordinary wave. Find . (Rather than try and solve a complicated equation, I like to use an iterative approach here. You have the correct angle when Snell’s Law and the equation for the extraordinary index of refraction are self-consistent.) (c) Just for practice, identify if the polarization is ...
Wave-mixing solitons in ferroelectric crystals
... • Although the sine-Gordon equation was originally obtained for the description of four wave-mixing in transmission geometry, it describes self-diffraction of the wave from shifted gratings as well. The sine-Gordon equation governs the soliton propagation. • The photoinduced amplitude of the refract ...
... • Although the sine-Gordon equation was originally obtained for the description of four wave-mixing in transmission geometry, it describes self-diffraction of the wave from shifted gratings as well. The sine-Gordon equation governs the soliton propagation. • The photoinduced amplitude of the refract ...
Spectroscopic Imaging using Terahertz Time-Domain Signals
... high index materials were considered [16]. In this work, we propose a new technique to determine simultaneously the thickness and the complex index of refraction of an unknown material. The THz-TDS system provides a time-domain signal of the sample that reveals not only the initial transmission thro ...
... high index materials were considered [16]. In this work, we propose a new technique to determine simultaneously the thickness and the complex index of refraction of an unknown material. The THz-TDS system provides a time-domain signal of the sample that reveals not only the initial transmission thro ...
Digital holography of total internal reflection
... In digital holography [1], the holographic interference pattern is optically generated by the superposition of object and reference waves. But, instead of a photographic plate, the hologram is digitally sampled by a CCD camera and transferred to a computer as an array of numbers. The propagation of ...
... In digital holography [1], the holographic interference pattern is optically generated by the superposition of object and reference waves. But, instead of a photographic plate, the hologram is digitally sampled by a CCD camera and transferred to a computer as an array of numbers. The propagation of ...
rtf
... Imaging Theory In an electron microscope the specimen scatters the electron wave and the lenses produce the image. The two are very different processes and have to be dealt with quite separately. The reason why imaging is such an important area is that images can lie. As human beings we are conditio ...
... Imaging Theory In an electron microscope the specimen scatters the electron wave and the lenses produce the image. The two are very different processes and have to be dealt with quite separately. The reason why imaging is such an important area is that images can lie. As human beings we are conditio ...
PDF Link
... in both time and space, and their behavior must be characterized through statistical quantities such as moments [1–3]. In imaging, because of field superposition [4], the second-order statistics is of particular interest. Field cross-correlation functions are measured whenever we study the relative ...
... in both time and space, and their behavior must be characterized through statistical quantities such as moments [1–3]. In imaging, because of field superposition [4], the second-order statistics is of particular interest. Field cross-correlation functions are measured whenever we study the relative ...
Novel biosensor for detecting Hemoglobin and its oxidation state
... We now look at the response of the structure when it is illuminated by a Gaussian beam. All further calculations were performed with a Gaussian beam with a 50 μm waist. Earlier reports have extensively studied the GH shifts and the reflectivity profiles. We do not look into these aspects, concentrat ...
... We now look at the response of the structure when it is illuminated by a Gaussian beam. All further calculations were performed with a Gaussian beam with a 50 μm waist. Earlier reports have extensively studied the GH shifts and the reflectivity profiles. We do not look into these aspects, concentrat ...
Michelson Interferometer
... small amount ∆λ, such as the orange-yellow sodium D lines, there will be two fringe systems superimposed which are very similar but not identical. For some mirror positions, where 2d is an integer number of wavelengths for both components, the fringes will coincide over a good range of θ and will lo ...
... small amount ∆λ, such as the orange-yellow sodium D lines, there will be two fringe systems superimposed which are very similar but not identical. For some mirror positions, where 2d is an integer number of wavelengths for both components, the fringes will coincide over a good range of θ and will lo ...
Fraunhofer Diffraction
... sharp borders between bright and dark regions of the image. 5. Measure s, s ′, s ′′, s ′′′ . Verify them to be consistent with the focal lengths measured in step 1 (use the thin lens formula). Measure the mesh period in the image. Determine the overall magnification of your microscope by comparing w ...
... sharp borders between bright and dark regions of the image. 5. Measure s, s ′, s ′′, s ′′′ . Verify them to be consistent with the focal lengths measured in step 1 (use the thin lens formula). Measure the mesh period in the image. Determine the overall magnification of your microscope by comparing w ...
Coherent Optical Information Systems
... same as that shown in Fig. 1, but with only 100% of the light for a range of wavelengths signal bandwidth (2.5 or 10 GHz in current one spatial channel. The light source is modaround the Bragg condition. This is an example systems), and the chromatic dispersion can be ulated by the information to be ...
... same as that shown in Fig. 1, but with only 100% of the light for a range of wavelengths signal bandwidth (2.5 or 10 GHz in current one spatial channel. The light source is modaround the Bragg condition. This is an example systems), and the chromatic dispersion can be ulated by the information to be ...
Experiment 5: Interference... Phys 431
... will see the circular fringes known as Newton’s rings. Once again, photograph the pattern with a ruler in place. Determine the diameter of each ring, and plot xn2 versus n, where xn is the radius of the nth fringe. You are encouraged to use a plotting routine such as Kaleidograph, which is available ...
... will see the circular fringes known as Newton’s rings. Once again, photograph the pattern with a ruler in place. Determine the diameter of each ring, and plot xn2 versus n, where xn is the radius of the nth fringe. You are encouraged to use a plotting routine such as Kaleidograph, which is available ...
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Attenuation_and_phase_shift_of_electromagnetic_wave_propagating_in_medium_with_complex_index_of_refraction_n.png?width=300)
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI) or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images. Standard X-ray imaging techniques like radiography or computed tomography (CT) rely on a decrease of the X-ray beam's intensity (attenuation) when traversing the sample, which can be measured directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector. In PCI however, the beam's phase shift caused by the sample is not measured directly, but is transformed into variations in intensity, which then can be recorded by the detector.In addition to producing projection images, PCI, like conventional transmission, can be combined with tomographic techniques to obtain the 3D distribution of the real part of the refractive index of the sample. When applied to samples that consist of atoms with low atomic number Z, PCI is more sensitive to density variations in the sample than conventional transmission-based X-ray imaging. This leads to images with improved soft tissue contrast.In the last several years, a variety of phase-contrast X-ray imaging techniques have been developed, all of which are based on the observation of interference patterns between diffracted and undiffracted waves. The most common techniques are crystal interferometry, propagation-based imaging, analyzer-based imaging, edge-illumination and grating-based imaging (see below).