CHAPTER 14 : THE GREAT SCHISM AND THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE
... Like Rome before it, the Byzantine Empire soon fell into a period of difficulties, caused to a large extent by the growth of the landed aristocracy, which undermined the theme system. Facing its old enemies, the Holy Roman Empire and the Abbasid caliphate, it might have recovered, but around the sam ...
... Like Rome before it, the Byzantine Empire soon fell into a period of difficulties, caused to a large extent by the growth of the landed aristocracy, which undermined the theme system. Facing its old enemies, the Holy Roman Empire and the Abbasid caliphate, it might have recovered, but around the sam ...
The Byzantine Empire
... Cyril and Methodius- two brothers sent out as missionaries to convert the barbaric Slavic people ...
... Cyril and Methodius- two brothers sent out as missionaries to convert the barbaric Slavic people ...
Rise of the Byzantines - Fall13-OR-01
... Greeks were the largest group, but Byzantines also included Egyptians, Syrians, Arabs, Armenians, Jews, Persians, Slavs, and ...
... Greeks were the largest group, but Byzantines also included Egyptians, Syrians, Arabs, Armenians, Jews, Persians, Slavs, and ...
The Middle Ages in Europe
... the 5th century, but the eastern half survived for another 1,000 years. • A new Byzantine culture developed, but the people of Byzantium saw themselves as simply continuing the Roman Empire. • The Byzantine Empire became a powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. • Even though the ...
... the 5th century, but the eastern half survived for another 1,000 years. • A new Byzantine culture developed, but the people of Byzantium saw themselves as simply continuing the Roman Empire. • The Byzantine Empire became a powerful economic, cultural, and military force in Europe. • Even though the ...
Bellwork - Moore Public Schools
... • Emperors now lived in Constantinople instead of Rome • Christianity very important to Byzantine Empire • The empire thrived, blending Christian beliefs with Greek and Roman culture. The Empire lasts from 476 til the 1400s! ...
... • Emperors now lived in Constantinople instead of Rome • Christianity very important to Byzantine Empire • The empire thrived, blending Christian beliefs with Greek and Roman culture. The Empire lasts from 476 til the 1400s! ...
byzantine empire
... to the Mediterranean Sea. As a result most trade between Asia, Europe and North Africa had to pass through the Byzantine Empire. Due to this strategic location, the Byzantine became a very wealthy empire for a time. ...
... to the Mediterranean Sea. As a result most trade between Asia, Europe and North Africa had to pass through the Byzantine Empire. Due to this strategic location, the Byzantine became a very wealthy empire for a time. ...
Byzantine Empire
... The biggest difference between the Roman Catholics and Greek Orthodox is the question of leadership – The Pope in Rome, the Patriarchs in Orthodox. The use of icons was also a hot issue; Orthodox = NO icons (iconoclasts), Catholics = use of icons okay. They also differ in their belief of purg ...
... The biggest difference between the Roman Catholics and Greek Orthodox is the question of leadership – The Pope in Rome, the Patriarchs in Orthodox. The use of icons was also a hot issue; Orthodox = NO icons (iconoclasts), Catholics = use of icons okay. They also differ in their belief of purg ...
The Byzantine Empire - White Plains Public Schools
... “The Western Roman Empire crumbled in the fifth century as it was overrun by invading Germanic tribes. By this time, however, the once great empire had already undergone significant changes. It had been divided into western and eastern empires, and its capital had moved east from Rome to the Greek c ...
... “The Western Roman Empire crumbled in the fifth century as it was overrun by invading Germanic tribes. By this time, however, the once great empire had already undergone significant changes. It had been divided into western and eastern empires, and its capital had moved east from Rome to the Greek c ...
Byzantine empire - Ms. Mcatee`s Site
... The city of Constantinople, was on a peninsula overlooking the Bosporus, a strait connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. From its central location, the city controlled key trade routes that liked Europe and Asia. ...
... The city of Constantinople, was on a peninsula overlooking the Bosporus, a strait connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. From its central location, the city controlled key trade routes that liked Europe and Asia. ...
Byzantine Empire Notes
... Emperor seen as a handpicked representative of God with absolute power Emperors appointed by the church Also seen as the head of the church “patriarch” ...
... Emperor seen as a handpicked representative of God with absolute power Emperors appointed by the church Also seen as the head of the church “patriarch” ...
Chapter 13 - resources
... world politically and economically for centuries. - Even after its collapse the Byzantine Empire’s influence could be seen in the Slavic peoples of Eastern Europe and Russia. ...
... world politically and economically for centuries. - Even after its collapse the Byzantine Empire’s influence could be seen in the Slavic peoples of Eastern Europe and Russia. ...
Fall of the Roman Empire
... Emperors tried to improve conditions, education available, increased the monarchy 1000’s began to decline under incompetent ...
... Emperors tried to improve conditions, education available, increased the monarchy 1000’s began to decline under incompetent ...
WH 10.1
... Strengths of the Empire • Greek Fire – chemical weapon on ships which burst into flames when sprayed/thrown on enemy ships Strength Importance Byzantine These marriages • The location of Constantinople princes married brought the empire into alliances with allowedprincesses the Byzantines to contro ...
... Strengths of the Empire • Greek Fire – chemical weapon on ships which burst into flames when sprayed/thrown on enemy ships Strength Importance Byzantine These marriages • The location of Constantinople princes married brought the empire into alliances with allowedprincesses the Byzantines to contro ...
The Byzantine Empire: Introduction While the Western Roman
... While the Western Roman Empire fell in 476 AD, the Eastern Empire, centered on the city of Constantinople, survived and thrived. Over time, influenced by its Greek heritage, Orthodox Christianity, and its Middle Eastern and Eastern European neighbors, the culture of the Eastern Roman Empire transfor ...
... While the Western Roman Empire fell in 476 AD, the Eastern Empire, centered on the city of Constantinople, survived and thrived. Over time, influenced by its Greek heritage, Orthodox Christianity, and its Middle Eastern and Eastern European neighbors, the culture of the Eastern Roman Empire transfor ...
The Byzantine Empire
... the New Roman Empire The city was very protected and powerful and eventually became the new center of the Byzantine Empire Byzantine culture blended Greek language, culture and traditions and Roman law ...
... the New Roman Empire The city was very protected and powerful and eventually became the new center of the Byzantine Empire Byzantine culture blended Greek language, culture and traditions and Roman law ...
He created the Justinian Code. He hired 10 legal experts who went
... The Eastern Church--Greek Orthodox was centered in Constantinople so it was close to the seat of government power (once the capital had been moved to Constantinople). Its Liturgy (services) were conduced in Greek or other local languages. It was headed by the Patriarch (and other bishops). The Emper ...
... The Eastern Church--Greek Orthodox was centered in Constantinople so it was close to the seat of government power (once the capital had been moved to Constantinople). Its Liturgy (services) were conduced in Greek or other local languages. It was headed by the Patriarch (and other bishops). The Emper ...
The Rise of the Byzantine Empire
... o Emperors will speak Latin, but the people will speak Greek. o Adoption of Christianity as the official religion. o Architecture o Continuing traditions of Roman Law (Justinian’s Code) ...
... o Emperors will speak Latin, but the people will speak Greek. o Adoption of Christianity as the official religion. o Architecture o Continuing traditions of Roman Law (Justinian’s Code) ...
Constantine and the Rise of the Eastern Empire The Decline and
... Church continued to function as a unifying force in the west, even after the last emperor was deposed. More and more, the Church became the stable organization in people’s lives. ...
... Church continued to function as a unifying force in the west, even after the last emperor was deposed. More and more, the Church became the stable organization in people’s lives. ...
The Byzantine Empire
... Byzantine empire and took possession of most of Asia Minor. City-states in Italy began to compete with Constantinople for trade in the Mediterranean The Byzantines continued to be subject to attacks from all sides By the 1440’s the Byzantine Empire was basically just Constantinople. In 1453, Constan ...
... Byzantine empire and took possession of most of Asia Minor. City-states in Italy began to compete with Constantinople for trade in the Mediterranean The Byzantines continued to be subject to attacks from all sides By the 1440’s the Byzantine Empire was basically just Constantinople. In 1453, Constan ...
Lesson 1: Geography of the Byzantine Empire
... culture. It mixed Greek languages and Roman customs. Like the Romans, most Byzantines lived in wooden houses. As in Roman cities, the city offered public baths, steam rooms, and swimming pools. A hippodrome is an ancient Greek stadium that was used for horse and chariot racing. Chariot racing was a ...
... culture. It mixed Greek languages and Roman customs. Like the Romans, most Byzantines lived in wooden houses. As in Roman cities, the city offered public baths, steam rooms, and swimming pools. A hippodrome is an ancient Greek stadium that was used for horse and chariot racing. Chariot racing was a ...
The Byzantine Empire - Miami Beach Senior High School
... After Justinian, empire is left with problems: Too much land to defend Empty treasuries Decline in population due to plague Threats on its boarders Muslim Arabs sweep through empire, taking more than half its territory ERE defeated at Yarmuk in 636, ceding control of Syria and Palestine ...
... After Justinian, empire is left with problems: Too much land to defend Empty treasuries Decline in population due to plague Threats on its boarders Muslim Arabs sweep through empire, taking more than half its territory ERE defeated at Yarmuk in 636, ceding control of Syria and Palestine ...
The Byzantine Empire & the Eastern Orthodox Church
... known as the “New Rome,” but was later named Constantinople. This city grew and prospered at the crossroads to the East, but the Western Roman Empire was not as lucky. As Germanic tribes attacked the city of Rome, it fell, leaving the Eastern city as the legacy of the Romans. This city became the ce ...
... known as the “New Rome,” but was later named Constantinople. This city grew and prospered at the crossroads to the East, but the Western Roman Empire was not as lucky. As Germanic tribes attacked the city of Rome, it fell, leaving the Eastern city as the legacy of the Romans. This city became the ce ...
History of the Byzantine Empire
This history of the Byzantine Empire covers the history of the eastern Mediterranean empire from late antiquity until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD. Several events from the 4th to 6th centuries mark the transitional period during which the Roman Empire's east and west divided. In 285, the emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) partitioned the Roman Empire's administration into eastern and western halves. Between 324 and 330, Constantine I (r. 306–337) transferred the main capital from Rome to Byzantium, later known as Constantinople (""City of Constantine"") and Nova Roma (""New Rome""). Under Theodosius I (r. 379–395), Christianity became the Empire's official state religion and others such as Roman polytheism were proscribed. And finally, under the reign of Heraclius (r. 610–641), the Empire's military and administration were restructured and adopted Greek for official use instead of Latin. Thus, although it continued the Roman state and maintained Roman state traditions, modern historians distinguish Byzantium from ancient Rome insofar as it was oriented towards Greek rather than Latin culture, and characterised by Orthodox Christianity rather than Roman polytheism.The borders of the Empire evolved significantly over its existence, as it went through several cycles of decline and recovery. During the reign of Justinian I (r. 527–565), the Empire reached its greatest extent after reconquering much of the historically Roman western Mediterranean coast, including north Africa, Italy, and Rome itself, which it held for two more centuries. During the reign of Maurice (r. 582–602), the Empire's eastern frontier was expanded and the north stabilised. However, his assassination caused a two-decade-long war with Sassanid Persia which exhausted the Empire's resources and contributed to major territorial losses during the Muslim conquests of the 7th century. In a matter of years the Empire lost its richest provinces, Egypt and Syria, to the Arabs.During the Macedonian dynasty (10th–11th centuries), the Empire again expanded and experienced a two-century long renaissance, which came to an end with the loss of much of Asia Minor to the Seljuk Turks after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. This battle opened the way for the Turks to settle in Anatolia as a homeland.The final centuries of the Empire exhibited a general trend of decline. It struggled to recover during the 12th century, but was delivered a mortal blow during the Fourth Crusade, when Constantinople was sacked and the Empire dissolved and divided into competing Byzantine Greek and Latin realms. Despite the eventual recovery of Constantinople and re-establishment of the Empire in 1261, Byzantium remained only one of several small rival states in the area for the final two centuries of its existence. Its remaining territories were progressively annexed by the Ottomans over the 15th century. The Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 finally ended the Empire.During the 3rd century, three crises threatened the Roman Empire: external invasions, internal civil wars and an economy riddled with weaknesses and problems. The city of Rome gradually became less important as an administrative centre. The crisis of the 3rd century displayed the defects of the heterogeneous system of government that Augustus had established to administer his immense dominion. His successors had introduced some modifications, but events made it clearer that a new, more centralized and more uniform system was required.Diocletian was responsible for creating a new administrative system (the tetrarchy). He associated himself with a co-emperor, or Augustus. Each Augustus was then to adopt a young colleague, or Caesar, to share in the rule and eventually to succeed the senior partner. After the abdication of Diocletian and Maximian, however, the tetrachy collapsed, and Constantine I replaced it with the dynastic principle of hereditary succession.Constantine moved the seat of the Empire, and introduced important changes into its civil and religious constitution. In 330, he founded Constantinople as a second Rome on the site of Byzantium, which was well-positioned astride the trade routes between East and West; it was a superb base from which to guard the Danube river, and was reasonably close to the Eastern frontiers. Constantine also began the building of the great fortified walls, which were expanded and rebuilt in subsequent ages. J. B. Bury asserts that ""the foundation of Constantinople [...] inaugurated a permanent division between the Eastern and Western, the Greek and the Latin, halves of the Empire—a division to which events had already pointed—and affected decisively the whole subsequent history of Europe.""Constantine built upon the administrative reforms introduced by Diocletian. He stabilized the coinage (the gold solidus that he introduced became a highly prized and stable currency), and made changes to the structure of the army. Under Constantine, the Empire had recovered much of its military strength and enjoyed a period of stability and prosperity. He also reconquered southern parts of Dacia, after defeating the Visigoths in 332, and he was planning a campaign against Sassanid Persia as well. To divide administrative responsibilities, Constantine replaced the single praetorian prefect, who had traditionally exercised both military and civil functions, with regional prefects enjoying civil authority alone. In the course of the 4th century, four great sections emerged from these Constantinian beginnings, and the practice of separating civil from military authority persisted until the 7th century.Under Constantine, Christianity did not become the exclusive religion of the state, but enjoyed imperial preference, since the Emperor supported it with generous privileges: clerics were exempted from personal services and taxation, Christians were preferred for administrative posts, and bishops were entrusted with judicial responsibilities. Constantine established the principle that emperors should not settle questions of doctrine, but should summon general ecclesiastical councils for that purpose. The Synod of Arles was convened by Constantine, and the First Council of Nicaea showcased his claim to be head of the Church.The state of the Empire in 395 may be described in terms of the outcome of Constantine's work. The dynastic principle was established so firmly that the emperor who died in that year, Theodosius I, could bequeath the imperial office jointly to his sons: Arcadius in the East and Honorius in the West. Theodosius was the last emperor to rule over the full extent of the empire in both its halves.The Eastern Empire was largely spared the difficulties faced by the West in the third and fourth centuries, due in part to a more firmly established urban culture and greater financial resources, which allowed it to placate invaders with tribute and pay foreign mercenaries. Throughout the fifth century, various invading armies overran the Western Empire but spared the east. Theodosius II further fortified the walls of Constantinople, leaving the city impervious to most attacks; the walls were not breached until 1204. To fend off the Huns of Attila, Theodosius gave them subsidies (purportedly 300 kg (700 lb) of gold). Moreover, he favored merchants living in Constantinople who traded with the Huns and other foreign groups.His successor, Marcian, refused to continue to pay this exorbitant sum. However, Attila had already diverted his attention to the Western Roman Empire. After he died in 453, his empire collapsed and Constantinople initiated a profitable relationship with the remaining Huns, who would eventually fight as mercenaries in Byzantine armies.