Download WH 10.1

Bell Ringer
Map Question: Page 223
Chapter 10 Test - Essay Questions
1. Discuss the influence of religion
on the Byzantine Empire and
Kievan Russia.
2. Consider the Emperor Justinian,
Vladimir I, and Ivan the Terrible.
Who had the biggest impact and
why?
Chapter 10 Section 1
The Byzantine Empire
Objectives
• Identify the factors that contributed to the
growth and strength of Byzantine Empire
• Explain how the Christian Church came to
be divided
• Analyze the cultural contributions made by
the Byzantines
• Explain the factors that contributed to the
downfall of the Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire
• The Western Roman Empire fell
to Germanic tribes, but the
eastern empire successfully
fought off invaders.
• The empire lived on in Greece,
Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt etc…
• This was known as the Byzantine
Empire.
The Founding
The Growth of the Byzantine
Empire
•
Justinian – Emperor of the Byzantine
empire from 527-565.
• Justinian Code – A collection of laws of
the Roman Empire (ordered by Justinian)
3 parts of the Code
1. Code – useful Roman laws
2. Digest – summarized Roman legal
opinions
3. Novellae – laws passed after 534
• The code became the
framework for many
European legal system.
• People should be ruled
by laws, not by the
whims and corruption of
leaders.
Check Question
What made up
the Justinian
Code of laws?
Able Advisors
• Theodora – wife and advisor to
Justinian
• She helped to change law to affect
women’s status….ie divorce
settlements
• Dowry – the money or goods a wife
brought to a husband at marriage.
• He allowed Christian women to own
property equal to the value of their
dowry.
3:51
• Belisarius – General of the
army that put down the Nika
Revolt.
• Belisarius also won back
former Roman lands from
the Germanic tribes,
growing the Byzantine
Empire to its greatest size.
Strengths of the Empire
• Greek Fire – chemical weapon on
ships which burst into flames when
sprayed/thrown
on enemy
ships
Strength
Importance
Byzantine
These marriages
• The location
of
Constantinople
princes married
brought the empire
into alliances with
allowedprincesses
the
Byzantines
to control sea
from other
other countries.
countries.
trade routes
between Asia and
Europe.
• Their trade taxes paid for: soldiers,
gov. officials, and public buildings.
The Christian Church
• The church was divided, because the
Pope (west) was not recognized by the
eastern Christians.
• Icons – Holy pictures of Jesus, Mary etc..
• Byzatinians in the east believed having
icons displayed was to worship an idol.
• Iconoclasts – belief that having and icon
in a church was the same as worshiping
idols
• Iconoclastic controversy – the debate
between the defenders and opponents of
icons in churches.
• The Pope decreed that not allowing icons
was heresy.
• Heresy – an opinion that conflicts with
official church beliefs.
• Excommunication – barring a person
from church membership
• The 2 churches split: Roman Catholic
Church and Eastern Orthodox Church.
Byzantine Culture
• Byzantine scholars passed on the
learning's of Greece, Rome and the
East.
• Cyril and Methodius – Christian
missionaries that taught the Bible to
Slavs
• They also created an alphabet since
they had no written language.
• This Cyrillic alphabet is still used by
many Slavic people today
Check Question
What issue led to a
split in the Catholic
Church (creating an
East and West)?
Art
• Religion was the main subject
of Byzantine art.
• Mosaics – picture or design
made from small pieces of
enamel, glass or stone
• The art was not meant to be
realistic
Architecture
• Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom) –
Church in Constantinople
• Justinian had this built, and now
thought to be an architectural
wonder.
• There is a round dome on a
rectangular building, which was
tough to complete.
Decline of the Empire
• Ottoman Turks – Group that
eventually captured
Constantinople and ended the
Byzantine Empire.
• The Ottoman Turks slowly
captured cities starting in 1361
and took Constantinople in 1453
Bell Ringer
Read “The Christian Church” on 224-226
Question – How did the council of
bishops in Rome feel about
Byzantine views of Christianity?