Download He created the Justinian Code. He hired 10 legal experts who went

Justinian was described as devout and determined
while he was living. But after he died, the historian
Procopius described him as two-faced.
Justinian's accomplishments include driving the
barbarians out of North Africa, Spain and Italy. This
was how he reconquered most of the land lost during
the fall of the Western Roman Empire. Keep in mind,
he never recovered the city of Rome.
He recovered much of the former
Western Roman territories that had
been lost when the Western Roman
Empire fell.
He increased trade in Constantinople
making the city a crossroads of
trade.
He embarked on a big building project which included churches, court
houses, libraries, bridges, schools
and the Hagia Sophia is a great
example of these accomplishments
He created the Justinian Code. He
hired 10 legal experts who went thru
400 years of Roman law. They got
rid of the old stuff, and the duplicative
stuff. And they simplified laws so they
were easier to understand. This
new legal code lasted 900 years!
The significance of the code was that
since it was written in Latin, the
European countries were able to use
it and it became the basis for their
legal codes.
Constantinople was built on 7 hills and divided into 14 districts. It was protected by
13 miles of walls, watchtowers and gates. It was easily fortified on three sides because of
the water (it was bordered by a natural harbor). The city was surrounded by three walls and a
deep moat. The innermost wall was 25 feet thick and 70 feet tall!
Its location combined with its control of the Bosporus Strait made the city a crossroads (hub or
center) for trade and shipping between Europe, Africa and Asia. It was adequate distance from
Germain invasions that were happening in the western empire. It was a good location to protect
Europe's eastern frontier.
In 1453 it was seized by Turks and renamed Istanbul. Today it is a major city in modern
Turkey.
Constantinople played a major role in the Byzantine Empire. It was the true center (or
seat) of the Byzantine power until the Ottoman conquest. Constantinople played a big
role in preserving classical Greco-Roman culture. Education was important. Scholars
preserved Greek and Roman great works: Euclid used to teach geometry; Galen used to
teach medicine; Herodotus used to teach history; and Homer used to teach literature.
NIKA REBELS
hated her because
they would have
won their rebellion
if she hadn't talked
her husband into
fighting.
JUSTINIAN was
in awe of her
abilities and
listened to her on
important issues
Her FRIENDS
were probably
jealous of her. We
don't know for sure
she married Justinian when she was in her 20s. She had worked as an "actress" which meant she danced
and sometimes worked as a prostitute. He wisdom and skills surpassed (were better than) her husband's. She convinced him to
crush the Nika rebellion. She started Social Welfare programs for the poor. She worked for women's rights. She made a convent
for former prostitutes. She died from cancer. After she died, her husband never remarried and never introduced new laws.
she was from a low class, very poor.
Justainian's uncle, Emperor Justin had to change the laws so
Justinian could legally marry her since he was an Aristocrat and she was poor.
The POOR liked
her because she
made programs
to help them.
WOMEN liked
her because of
her programs
and her fight for
women's rights
Built during Justinian's reign. Took 5-6 years to build. Known as the "Church of Holy Wisdom" When Constantinople
fell to the Turks, Hagia Sophia became a mosque. Now its a museum.
Art and architecture in the Byzantine
Empire were inspired by two things:
the Christian religion and Imperial power
The CONTRIBUTIONS OFTHE BYZANTINE
EMPIRE FOR ART AND ARCHITECTURE
are
-Icons
-Mosaics
-Hagia Sophia
The Hagia Sophi is considered the most
beautiful architectural achievement of the
Byzantine Empire.
(Another impressive architectural building
was the Hippodrome. It was used as an
entertainment venue (location). It was
where chariot races and circuses were
held.)
Plain exterior symbolizes earthly life. Ornate interior symbolized spiritual universe. Cathedral's size, thick pillars and enclosed space
show Roman influence. Intricate and ornate design shows Eastern influences. Byzantine architects invented the PENDENTIVES
which connected the round base of a dome to a square building. The combination of Greco-Roman and Middle Eastern influence are
evident in the intricate decoration on columns. Mosaics with gold-covered stones added more light to the huge interior of Hagia
Sophia.
ICONOMASTS were the
people who did not believe
in the icons. They thought
worshipping to these icons
was "idol worship". So the Emperor of the EAST
which is the Byzantine Empire, banned icons. The
Monks in the East disagreed with him. The
Church (Pope) in the west (Rome)
supported the Monks.
Religious images
Like pictures of important Christians
or sacred events.
Can be mosaics, murals, wooden
panels.
EXCOMMUNICATION means "cast out
from the church"
SCHISM means permanent split between
the churches.
PATRIARCH mean the head bishop of the
east (Constantinople--Byzantine Empire)
POPE mean head of the west church
(Rome)
LITURGY means church services.
The geographic distance created a lack of
communication between the churches in
the Western Roman Empire and those in
the Eastern Roman Empire. Eventually,
they began to develop different rituals
and ceremonies.
The Pope (WEST) and the Patriarch
(EAST) both disagreed on whether
ICONS could be used in churches.
These two excommunicated one
another in 1054. This is when the
two churches split. We call this the
Western Roman Catholic Church was centered in Rome. It was
Great Schism, which basically
far from the seat of government (which you remember had been
means the two churches
moved to Constantinople). It conduced its services in LATIN. Liturgy
split apart.
means services.
The Pope had authority over all other bishops. The Pope had authority over
all kings and emperors. Priests could not marry and must remain
celibate. Divorce was not permitted.
WEST
EAST
The Eastern Church--Greek Orthodox was centered in
Constantinople so it was close to the seat of government
power (once the capital had been moved to Constantinople).
Its Liturgy (services) were conduced in Greek or other local
languages. It was headed by the Patriarch (and other
bishops). The Emperor claimed authority over the Patriarch
and other bishops of the Byzantine Empire.
Priests could marry. Divorce was
allowed under certain conditions.
CORK
TIN
IVORY AND GOLD
WINE
FUR, HONEY
TIMBER
SPICES
SILK
Plague of Justinian that crippled Empire. In 542, 10,000 people were dying every day
Attacks from East, West, and North (Slavs, Persians, Turks, and Russian invasions)
Attempt to maintain power (Through political marriages, bribes and diplomacy)
Walls kept the peninsula strong until 1453 when it fell to the Ottoman Turks
Split of the Church
Trade routes between the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea led to exchange of ideas and culture.
Eastern Orthodox Missionaries spread their faith to the Slavic people of Russia and Eastern Europe
Cyril invented an alphabet for the Slavic languages so that the Slavs could red the Bible in their own
tongue. This was called the Cyrillic alphabet. This helped to spread the Eastern Orthodox religion.
Church architecture and religious art