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The Byzantine Empire { Mr. Ermer World History; Miami Beach Senior High Emperor Justinian When western Roman Empire collapses, and was replaced by Germanic states, the eastern Roman Empire continues to exist Centered around Constantinople, later renamed Byzantine Empire 527: Justinian becomes Emperor, wanted to reestablish Roman Empire in Mediterranean 552: Roman Empire almost back to old boarders Empire shrinks after Justinian’s death Justinian’s Roman Empire Justinian’s Contributions Eastern empire inherits complex legal system Justinian set out to simplify the laws The Body of Civil Law: The results of Justinian’s efforts, became basis for Byzantine law to 1453 Justinian’s code also influenced western law Eastern Roman Problems After Justinian, empire is left with problems: Too much land to defend Empty treasuries Decline in population due to plague Threats on its boarders Muslim Arabs sweep through empire, taking more than half its territory ERE defeated at Yarmuk in 636, ceding control of Syria and Palestine to Arab control 679: Defeated by Bulgarians in the north, losing control of Danube River Valley From Roman To Byzantine Empire shrunk to include just Balkans and Asia Minor Greek replaces Latin as official language Emperor viewed as chosen by God, and his power was absolute Emperor appointed the leaders of the Eastern church known as a patriarch The emperor was the leader of both church and state, protecting the true Christian faith Constantinople Europe’s greatest city until 1100s City grew rich facilitating trade b/w east & west Justinian’s buildings dominate landscape Hippodrome=arena for races and gladiators Hagia Sophia: main church built in 537 The Hagia Sophia—Church of the Holy Wisdom—is the most famous Byzantine building, today known as the Blue Mosque The Hagia Sophia New Success, New Troubles Macedonian emperors bring new prosperity Rule from 867 to 1081, expand empire Early success undone by political infighting Macedonians do not accept pope’s claim to be sole head of Christian faith 1054 Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Michael Cerularius excommunicate each other— causes schism Seljuk Turks defeat Byzantines at Manzikert On page 41, write and answer questions 1-5 Chapter 2, Lesson 5 Review