East and Western Empire-Reader
... Diocletian decided to divide the empire in half (two parts) to make it easier to govern. The system created by Diocletian was called the Tetrarchy because “tetra” was the Greek word for “four” and Diocletian’s new system had four people in charge: the 2 emperors and their heirs. Although the Tetrarc ...
... Diocletian decided to divide the empire in half (two parts) to make it easier to govern. The system created by Diocletian was called the Tetrarchy because “tetra” was the Greek word for “four” and Diocletian’s new system had four people in charge: the 2 emperors and their heirs. Although the Tetrarc ...
38- The Byzantine Empire A New Rome in a New Setting Life in the
... churches as the most visible sign of the close connection between church and state in his empire. The crowning glory of his reign was Hagia Sophia (HAY•ee•uh soh•FEE•uh), which means “Holy Wisdom” in Greek. A church of the same name had been destroyed in riots that swept Constantinople in 532. When ...
... churches as the most visible sign of the close connection between church and state in his empire. The crowning glory of his reign was Hagia Sophia (HAY•ee•uh soh•FEE•uh), which means “Holy Wisdom” in Greek. A church of the same name had been destroyed in riots that swept Constantinople in 532. When ...
The Byzantine Empire
... Emperor Justinian was a strong leader of the Byzantine Empire. Justinian proved to be a good emperor because he controlled the military, made laws, was supreme judge, and his order could not be questioned. He wanted to reunite the Roman Empire. One of his greatest accomplishments was reforming the B ...
... Emperor Justinian was a strong leader of the Byzantine Empire. Justinian proved to be a good emperor because he controlled the military, made laws, was supreme judge, and his order could not be questioned. He wanted to reunite the Roman Empire. One of his greatest accomplishments was reforming the B ...
Civilization in Eastern Europe
... Justinian’s positive contributions to the Byzantine Empire lay in rebuilding Constantinople, including the remarkable Hagia Sophia, and systematizing the Roman legal code. His 6th-century military gains (made with the help of his general, Belisarius) were accomplished at great cost. Justinian’s succ ...
... Justinian’s positive contributions to the Byzantine Empire lay in rebuilding Constantinople, including the remarkable Hagia Sophia, and systematizing the Roman legal code. His 6th-century military gains (made with the help of his general, Belisarius) were accomplished at great cost. Justinian’s succ ...
hw ch 10 sec 1 # 2
... 8. TRUE or FALSE? For 1000 years after the fall of the western Roman empire, the Byzantine empire grew and remained strong. 9. ___ The Byzantine empire blended all of the following cultures and traditions EXCEPT A. ancient Greek B. ancient Roman C. Ottoman D. Christian 10. From 527 to 565, the Byzan ...
... 8. TRUE or FALSE? For 1000 years after the fall of the western Roman empire, the Byzantine empire grew and remained strong. 9. ___ The Byzantine empire blended all of the following cultures and traditions EXCEPT A. ancient Greek B. ancient Roman C. Ottoman D. Christian 10. From 527 to 565, the Byzan ...
Chapter 9: Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox
... sixth century. The empire benefited from the high level of civilization in the former Hellenistic world and from the region's prosperous commerce. It held off barbarian invaders and developed a trained civilian bureaucracy. Justinian's Achievements. In the sixth century, Justinian, with a secure bas ...
... sixth century. The empire benefited from the high level of civilization in the former Hellenistic world and from the region's prosperous commerce. It held off barbarian invaders and developed a trained civilian bureaucracy. Justinian's Achievements. In the sixth century, Justinian, with a secure bas ...
11.1 The Byzantine Empire - Doral Academy Preparatory
... After Rome split, the Eastern Empire, known as Byzantium, flourishes for a thousand years. ...
... After Rome split, the Eastern Empire, known as Byzantium, flourishes for a thousand years. ...
Chp 8
... landscape of the Mediterranean? • What concerns did Byzantine emperors have about the use of icons in religious worship? • What factors contributed to the growing divide between the two halves of the old Roman Empire? ...
... landscape of the Mediterranean? • What concerns did Byzantine emperors have about the use of icons in religious worship? • What factors contributed to the growing divide between the two halves of the old Roman Empire? ...
Justinian and Theodora
... 5. Good location to protect Europe’s eastern frontier. 6. Seized by Turks in 1435 and renamed Istanbul; today it is a major city in modern Turkey. ...
... 5. Good location to protect Europe’s eastern frontier. 6. Seized by Turks in 1435 and renamed Istanbul; today it is a major city in modern Turkey. ...
The Byzantine Empire
... Long after Rome fell (476 A.D.) under the Germanic invaders, Byzantium continued in Constantinople. Byzantine, Russian, and Turkish cultures ...
... Long after Rome fell (476 A.D.) under the Germanic invaders, Byzantium continued in Constantinople. Byzantine, Russian, and Turkish cultures ...
10.2 The Byzantine Empire
... founded by Jesus of Nazareth most assuredly built up the eastern portion. By the middle of the fifth century, Constantinople had emerged as a great city—in size and influence the last powerful center of the Roman world. One early attempt was made to unite the old Roman Empire under Byzantine leaders ...
... founded by Jesus of Nazareth most assuredly built up the eastern portion. By the middle of the fifth century, Constantinople had emerged as a great city—in size and influence the last powerful center of the Roman world. One early attempt was made to unite the old Roman Empire under Byzantine leaders ...
The Byzantine Empire (330-1453)
... Endured centuries of attacks and not captured until 1453 by the Turks ...
... Endured centuries of attacks and not captured until 1453 by the Turks ...
The Byzantine Empire The city of Constantinople lay at the heart of a
... The city of Constantinople quickly grew, becoming the wealthiest city in the Roman Empire, even more wealthy than the city of Rome itself. In 395 A.D., when the Roman Empire was split, Constantinople was the most logical location for the capital of the newly created Byzantine Empire. A New Culture W ...
... The city of Constantinople quickly grew, becoming the wealthiest city in the Roman Empire, even more wealthy than the city of Rome itself. In 395 A.D., when the Roman Empire was split, Constantinople was the most logical location for the capital of the newly created Byzantine Empire. A New Culture W ...
The Byzantine Empire
... The Byzantine Empire Questions 1. What were Justinian’s passions as an Emperor? 2. Who was Theodora and what role did she play in the Byzantine Empire? 3. Why did the empire decline after the rule of Justinian? 4. In what ways did the Eastern Empire change from the Western Empire? 5. Why were Easte ...
... The Byzantine Empire Questions 1. What were Justinian’s passions as an Emperor? 2. Who was Theodora and what role did she play in the Byzantine Empire? 3. Why did the empire decline after the rule of Justinian? 4. In what ways did the Eastern Empire change from the Western Empire? 5. Why were Easte ...
Unit 6—Rise and Fall of Empires and Kingdoms
... Put these in the correct order: ________ Christians are persecuted for not believing in Roman gods ________ Rome becomes too big to control and starts experiencing many problems ________ Jesus is born, and then Christianity starts spreading because of missionaries ________ Pax Romana—no war, wealth, ...
... Put these in the correct order: ________ Christians are persecuted for not believing in Roman gods ________ Rome becomes too big to control and starts experiencing many problems ________ Jesus is born, and then Christianity starts spreading because of missionaries ________ Pax Romana—no war, wealth, ...
A Short History of the Byzantine Empire
... • Unable to take back Rome from the Germans, they established a western capital in Ravenna, Italy known for Christian mosaics • However, gains were short lived as Persians and Slavs(Bulgars) were taking Byzantine land • All these wars put more tax pressure on the Byzantine population ...
... • Unable to take back Rome from the Germans, they established a western capital in Ravenna, Italy known for Christian mosaics • However, gains were short lived as Persians and Slavs(Bulgars) were taking Byzantine land • All these wars put more tax pressure on the Byzantine population ...
The Byzantine Empire
... Because of this, most trade between Asia, Europe, and North Africa had to pass through the Byzantine Empire. If traders passed through, they had to pay taxes to the Byzantine Empire. As a result, the Byzantine Empire became very wealthy. The Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea also helped defend the ...
... Because of this, most trade between Asia, Europe, and North Africa had to pass through the Byzantine Empire. If traders passed through, they had to pay taxes to the Byzantine Empire. As a result, the Byzantine Empire became very wealthy. The Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea also helped defend the ...
Chapter 9 Civilizations in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox
... expanded into eastern Europe Catholicism influenced western and central Europe The byzantine empire had territories in the Balkans, the Middle East and eastern Mediterranean The Byzantium empire maintained very high levels of political, economic, and cultural life between 500 and 1450 CE The empire ...
... expanded into eastern Europe Catholicism influenced western and central Europe The byzantine empire had territories in the Balkans, the Middle East and eastern Mediterranean The Byzantium empire maintained very high levels of political, economic, and cultural life between 500 and 1450 CE The empire ...
Fusion The Byzantine Empire - White Plains Public Schools
... “The Western Roman Empire crumbled in the fifth century as it was overrun by invading Germanic tribes. By this time, however, the once great empire had already undergone significant changes. It had been divided into western and eastern empires, and its capital had moved east from Rome to the Greek c ...
... “The Western Roman Empire crumbled in the fifth century as it was overrun by invading Germanic tribes. By this time, however, the once great empire had already undergone significant changes. It had been divided into western and eastern empires, and its capital had moved east from Rome to the Greek c ...
Unit 2 ppt Byzantium - Fulton County Schools
... church building was his biggest passion as he believed it help show a close connection between church and state Hagia Sophia “Holy Wisdom” in Greek built 532-537; decorated in mosaics, lamps and candles; its beauty helped convince Russian nobility that they should adopt Christianity; remained Ch ...
... church building was his biggest passion as he believed it help show a close connection between church and state Hagia Sophia “Holy Wisdom” in Greek built 532-537; decorated in mosaics, lamps and candles; its beauty helped convince Russian nobility that they should adopt Christianity; remained Ch ...
chapter_10_rev_handout
... A) He was the last pagan eastern emperor. B) He was the last eastern emperor to speak Latin. C) He abandoned reunification with Rome. D) He made Greek the official language of the Byzantine Empire. 25) What brought the end of efforts to reunite the eastern and western Roman Empires? A) the arrival ...
... A) He was the last pagan eastern emperor. B) He was the last eastern emperor to speak Latin. C) He abandoned reunification with Rome. D) He made Greek the official language of the Byzantine Empire. 25) What brought the end of efforts to reunite the eastern and western Roman Empires? A) the arrival ...
The Byzantine Empire - Moore Public Schools
... strong Roman empire, the Byzantines develop a written set of law and strongly influence art and architecture of the time. • The Byzantine empire preserved the Greek, Roman and Persian achievements as well as influencing the development of Russia and Eastern Europe. ...
... strong Roman empire, the Byzantines develop a written set of law and strongly influence art and architecture of the time. • The Byzantine empire preserved the Greek, Roman and Persian achievements as well as influencing the development of Russia and Eastern Europe. ...
What Teachers Need to Know - Core Knowledge Foundation
... which students in Core Knowledge schools should have encountered in Grades 3 and 4. For a thousand years after the fall of the Roman Empire in the west, the Eastern or Byzantine Empire continued to build on ancient Greek and Roman traditions and culture. For example, Byzantine architects used the Ro ...
... which students in Core Knowledge schools should have encountered in Grades 3 and 4. For a thousand years after the fall of the Roman Empire in the west, the Eastern or Byzantine Empire continued to build on ancient Greek and Roman traditions and culture. For example, Byzantine architects used the Ro ...
History of the Byzantine Empire
This history of the Byzantine Empire covers the history of the eastern Mediterranean empire from late antiquity until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 AD. Several events from the 4th to 6th centuries mark the transitional period during which the Roman Empire's east and west divided. In 285, the emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) partitioned the Roman Empire's administration into eastern and western halves. Between 324 and 330, Constantine I (r. 306–337) transferred the main capital from Rome to Byzantium, later known as Constantinople (""City of Constantine"") and Nova Roma (""New Rome""). Under Theodosius I (r. 379–395), Christianity became the Empire's official state religion and others such as Roman polytheism were proscribed. And finally, under the reign of Heraclius (r. 610–641), the Empire's military and administration were restructured and adopted Greek for official use instead of Latin. Thus, although it continued the Roman state and maintained Roman state traditions, modern historians distinguish Byzantium from ancient Rome insofar as it was oriented towards Greek rather than Latin culture, and characterised by Orthodox Christianity rather than Roman polytheism.The borders of the Empire evolved significantly over its existence, as it went through several cycles of decline and recovery. During the reign of Justinian I (r. 527–565), the Empire reached its greatest extent after reconquering much of the historically Roman western Mediterranean coast, including north Africa, Italy, and Rome itself, which it held for two more centuries. During the reign of Maurice (r. 582–602), the Empire's eastern frontier was expanded and the north stabilised. However, his assassination caused a two-decade-long war with Sassanid Persia which exhausted the Empire's resources and contributed to major territorial losses during the Muslim conquests of the 7th century. In a matter of years the Empire lost its richest provinces, Egypt and Syria, to the Arabs.During the Macedonian dynasty (10th–11th centuries), the Empire again expanded and experienced a two-century long renaissance, which came to an end with the loss of much of Asia Minor to the Seljuk Turks after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. This battle opened the way for the Turks to settle in Anatolia as a homeland.The final centuries of the Empire exhibited a general trend of decline. It struggled to recover during the 12th century, but was delivered a mortal blow during the Fourth Crusade, when Constantinople was sacked and the Empire dissolved and divided into competing Byzantine Greek and Latin realms. Despite the eventual recovery of Constantinople and re-establishment of the Empire in 1261, Byzantium remained only one of several small rival states in the area for the final two centuries of its existence. Its remaining territories were progressively annexed by the Ottomans over the 15th century. The Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 finally ended the Empire.During the 3rd century, three crises threatened the Roman Empire: external invasions, internal civil wars and an economy riddled with weaknesses and problems. The city of Rome gradually became less important as an administrative centre. The crisis of the 3rd century displayed the defects of the heterogeneous system of government that Augustus had established to administer his immense dominion. His successors had introduced some modifications, but events made it clearer that a new, more centralized and more uniform system was required.Diocletian was responsible for creating a new administrative system (the tetrarchy). He associated himself with a co-emperor, or Augustus. Each Augustus was then to adopt a young colleague, or Caesar, to share in the rule and eventually to succeed the senior partner. After the abdication of Diocletian and Maximian, however, the tetrachy collapsed, and Constantine I replaced it with the dynastic principle of hereditary succession.Constantine moved the seat of the Empire, and introduced important changes into its civil and religious constitution. In 330, he founded Constantinople as a second Rome on the site of Byzantium, which was well-positioned astride the trade routes between East and West; it was a superb base from which to guard the Danube river, and was reasonably close to the Eastern frontiers. Constantine also began the building of the great fortified walls, which were expanded and rebuilt in subsequent ages. J. B. Bury asserts that ""the foundation of Constantinople [...] inaugurated a permanent division between the Eastern and Western, the Greek and the Latin, halves of the Empire—a division to which events had already pointed—and affected decisively the whole subsequent history of Europe.""Constantine built upon the administrative reforms introduced by Diocletian. He stabilized the coinage (the gold solidus that he introduced became a highly prized and stable currency), and made changes to the structure of the army. Under Constantine, the Empire had recovered much of its military strength and enjoyed a period of stability and prosperity. He also reconquered southern parts of Dacia, after defeating the Visigoths in 332, and he was planning a campaign against Sassanid Persia as well. To divide administrative responsibilities, Constantine replaced the single praetorian prefect, who had traditionally exercised both military and civil functions, with regional prefects enjoying civil authority alone. In the course of the 4th century, four great sections emerged from these Constantinian beginnings, and the practice of separating civil from military authority persisted until the 7th century.Under Constantine, Christianity did not become the exclusive religion of the state, but enjoyed imperial preference, since the Emperor supported it with generous privileges: clerics were exempted from personal services and taxation, Christians were preferred for administrative posts, and bishops were entrusted with judicial responsibilities. Constantine established the principle that emperors should not settle questions of doctrine, but should summon general ecclesiastical councils for that purpose. The Synod of Arles was convened by Constantine, and the First Council of Nicaea showcased his claim to be head of the Church.The state of the Empire in 395 may be described in terms of the outcome of Constantine's work. The dynastic principle was established so firmly that the emperor who died in that year, Theodosius I, could bequeath the imperial office jointly to his sons: Arcadius in the East and Honorius in the West. Theodosius was the last emperor to rule over the full extent of the empire in both its halves.The Eastern Empire was largely spared the difficulties faced by the West in the third and fourth centuries, due in part to a more firmly established urban culture and greater financial resources, which allowed it to placate invaders with tribute and pay foreign mercenaries. Throughout the fifth century, various invading armies overran the Western Empire but spared the east. Theodosius II further fortified the walls of Constantinople, leaving the city impervious to most attacks; the walls were not breached until 1204. To fend off the Huns of Attila, Theodosius gave them subsidies (purportedly 300 kg (700 lb) of gold). Moreover, he favored merchants living in Constantinople who traded with the Huns and other foreign groups.His successor, Marcian, refused to continue to pay this exorbitant sum. However, Attila had already diverted his attention to the Western Roman Empire. After he died in 453, his empire collapsed and Constantinople initiated a profitable relationship with the remaining Huns, who would eventually fight as mercenaries in Byzantine armies.