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500 CE - 1453 CE
SPLITS
INTO
&
Middle Ages
CONSTANTINOPLE
ROME
1. Constantinople
A. Emperor
Constantine the
Great renamed
Byzantium
(a Greek city)
Constantinople
(the capital).
B. Its Strategic location on the
Bosporus strait made it a
center of trade
- Greek, Roman, and Christian
culture spread.
The city was protected by a deep moat, and three walls that were
25 feet thick in addition to a 14-mile stone wall was built along the
city’s coastline to keep out invaders.
2. Emperor Justinian
a. reigned from 527- 565 CE
Autocracy- total rule by one
leader
Autocrat- a leader with
ABSOLUTE POWER
(over gov’t and church)
b. There was a Golden Age during his
reign.
c. He wanted to revive the grandeur of
Rome
d. The Justinian Code
- Collection of laws
- It preserved Roman laws that became
the basis for medieval and modern
legal systems too.
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Justinian’s Code of Laws
Laws were fairer to women. They could own
property and raise their own children after
their husbands died.
Children allowed to choose their own
marriage partners.
Slavery was legal and slaves must obey their
masters.
Punishments were detailed and fit the crime
His work inspired the modern concept and,
indeed, the very spelling of "justice".
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Byzantine Under Justinian
Justinian hired Belisarius, a talented
general, to reconquer the Roman
territories lost by Germanic invasions
e. THEODORA
-The strong wife of Justinian
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“If flight were the only means of safety, still I
would not flee. Those who have worn the
crown should never survive its
loss…Emperor, if you wish to flee, well and
good, you have the money, the ships are
ready, the sea is clear. But I shall stay. I
accept the ancient saying: Royal purple is
the best burial sheet.”
What did Theodora mean by this quote?
- She saved the empire during the Nika
Revolt
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- Justinian was going to flee, but Theodora
refused
- Justinian stayed and crushed rioters
- 30,000 dead in Hippodrome
3. Economy
The Byzantine Empire Under Justinian
A. Byzantines prospered and were the
“New Rome.”
B. Traded with China and India on the Silk
Road.
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Byzantines produced: gold, silk, grain, olives and
wine.
The Silk Road
Constantinople:
Europe’s busiest marketplace!
Silk from China
Wheat and papyrus from Egypt
Spices and gems from India
Slaves from Western Europe
Furs from Northern Europe
Tin from England
Wine from France
Cork from Spain
Ivory and gold from Africa
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4. Art & Architecture
A. The HAGIA SOPHIA (“holy wisdom”) is a church.
HAGIA SOPHIA (“holy wisdom”)
Church of Hagia Sophia (“Holy Wisdom”)
INSIDE THE HAGIA SOPHIA
B. Mosaics- pictures or designs formed by
stones, tile or glass (often showed biblical
scenes)
C. Icons- are holy images of Jesus,
the Virgin Mary and saints
Mosaics can be icons and vice versa
http://mosaicartsource.blogspot.com/2006_09_15_archive.html
D. The Hippodrome could hold 60,000 spectators to
watch horse races!
5. Religion
A. A Schism (permanent split) took
place in 1054 between the Eastern
Orthodox Church and Roman
Catholic Church
WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THESE KINDS OF CHRISTIANITY?
Roman Catholic
Where?
Eastern Orthodox
Western Europe Eastern Europe
Byzantine Empire
Leader
Clergy members
Language
Most important
day
Pope
Vow of chastity
Latin
Christmas
Patriarch
Allowed to marry
Greek
Easter
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THINK!
How does this
picture represent
that there became
two branches of
Christianity after
the Roman Empire
fell?
6. DECLINE
A. There were political struggles and constant
attacks by invaders
B. In 1453, Constantinople fell to the Muslim
Ottoman Turks; it was renamed Istanbul
The Hagia Sophia
(Church of the Holy
Wisdom was turned
into Muslim Mosque)
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In
1453,
Ottoman
Turks
surrounded
Constantinople; it took them two months to
conquer the city.
7. LEGACY
A. Byzantines blended Hellenistic culture with
Roman law and engineering
B. Classical Greek and Roman ideas were
preserved
C. Eastern Orthodoxy-Greek & Russian
D. Influenced Eastern Europe (Russian)
E. THE CYRILLIC ALPHABET
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Created by monks of
the Byzantine Empire
Spread with Eastern
Orthodox religion
throughout Greece,
Russia, Eastern
Europe
F. Russian leaders
were known as
czars
(like caesar)
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The Byzantine tradition
of autocratic rule
continued in
Russia.
.