Perception of Motion, Depth, and Form
... into a single visual image. In the two Previous chapters we began to consider how two parallel Pathways-the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways, that extend from the retina through the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus to the primary visual (striate) cortexmight procluce a coherent vis ...
... into a single visual image. In the two Previous chapters we began to consider how two parallel Pathways-the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways, that extend from the retina through the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus to the primary visual (striate) cortexmight procluce a coherent vis ...
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... The ILF runs along the lateral walls of the inferior and posterior lateral ventricles in the temporal lobe The temporal lobe is an important part of the ventral pathway o Brain image in middle of pg. 26 Green represents axons of ILF that connect the temporal lobe with the occipital lobe The ...
... The ILF runs along the lateral walls of the inferior and posterior lateral ventricles in the temporal lobe The temporal lobe is an important part of the ventral pathway o Brain image in middle of pg. 26 Green represents axons of ILF that connect the temporal lobe with the occipital lobe The ...
Visuospatial processing and the right
... account for the selection of the bell. Gazzaniga has postulated that this confabulation reveals the existence of an ‘‘interpreter’’ that elaborates upon perceptual information to create a ‘‘story’’ or schema (e.g., Gazzaniga, 2000). He has further suggested that the mechanism responsible for this el ...
... account for the selection of the bell. Gazzaniga has postulated that this confabulation reveals the existence of an ‘‘interpreter’’ that elaborates upon perceptual information to create a ‘‘story’’ or schema (e.g., Gazzaniga, 2000). He has further suggested that the mechanism responsible for this el ...
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... a behavioral method to study mirror neurons, based on use-induced plasticity. Participants engage in a repetitive motor task of moving beans from one location to another, thereby adapting the neural systems used in control of the action. Participants then engage in a second task, which measures if p ...
... a behavioral method to study mirror neurons, based on use-induced plasticity. Participants engage in a repetitive motor task of moving beans from one location to another, thereby adapting the neural systems used in control of the action. Participants then engage in a second task, which measures if p ...
Comparison of Quantities: Core and Format
... compare either numbers or nondiscrete quantities. Their analysis identified the left IPS as the center of a network responsive to magnitude. Rather than focusing on common regions, Venkatraman et al. (2005) used an arithmetical task to reveal the areas that respond differentially when participants pr ...
... compare either numbers or nondiscrete quantities. Their analysis identified the left IPS as the center of a network responsive to magnitude. Rather than focusing on common regions, Venkatraman et al. (2005) used an arithmetical task to reveal the areas that respond differentially when participants pr ...
Neural correlates of decision processes
... of random noise, by shifting their gaze to one of two targets. Performance on this task is based on the representation of the motion stimulus in the middle temporal (MT) area [12]. However, the signals in MT are not sufficient to produce the saccade by which the discrimination is reported. To unders ...
... of random noise, by shifting their gaze to one of two targets. Performance on this task is based on the representation of the motion stimulus in the middle temporal (MT) area [12]. However, the signals in MT are not sufficient to produce the saccade by which the discrimination is reported. To unders ...
retina - Bakersfield College
... Receptive Fields in Striate Cortex • In lower layer IV of the striate cortex, neurons with circular receptive fields (as in retinal ganglion cells and LGN) are rare • Most neurons in V1 are either – Simple – receptive fields are rectangular with “on” and “off” regions, or – Complex – also rectangul ...
... Receptive Fields in Striate Cortex • In lower layer IV of the striate cortex, neurons with circular receptive fields (as in retinal ganglion cells and LGN) are rare • Most neurons in V1 are either – Simple – receptive fields are rectangular with “on” and “off” regions, or – Complex – also rectangul ...
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... 1973; Chung, Bliss & Keating, 1974). One of our primary concerns in this paper was whether visual experience was necessary to effect this laminar distribution. To determine this we would ideally have liked to make absolute measures of the depths from the surface of the tectum at which the different ...
... 1973; Chung, Bliss & Keating, 1974). One of our primary concerns in this paper was whether visual experience was necessary to effect this laminar distribution. To determine this we would ideally have liked to make absolute measures of the depths from the surface of the tectum at which the different ...
31 - UCL
... cortex in a variety of mammals including humans was studied extensively by Brodmann and others at the beginning of the century using stains for cell bodies and myelin (Brodmann, 1909). Since then, anatomical and physiological studies have revised many of Brodmann’s conclusions with respect to nonhum ...
... cortex in a variety of mammals including humans was studied extensively by Brodmann and others at the beginning of the century using stains for cell bodies and myelin (Brodmann, 1909). Since then, anatomical and physiological studies have revised many of Brodmann’s conclusions with respect to nonhum ...
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... aspects of representation in the temporal cortices (e.g. arbitrary wire shapes, fractal patterns, and other abstract visual stimuli, Tanaka et al., 1991; Logothetis et al., 1994; 1995; Miyashita and Chang, 1988; Miyashita et al., 1993). A second population of neurons in STS cortex respond only when ...
... aspects of representation in the temporal cortices (e.g. arbitrary wire shapes, fractal patterns, and other abstract visual stimuli, Tanaka et al., 1991; Logothetis et al., 1994; 1995; Miyashita and Chang, 1988; Miyashita et al., 1993). A second population of neurons in STS cortex respond only when ...
Nonassociative Learning
... Living near the train tracks Habituation response to repeated stimulus stimulus specific Ignore biologically unimportant stimuli Universal in animal kingdom evolved early protozoans ...
... Living near the train tracks Habituation response to repeated stimulus stimulus specific Ignore biologically unimportant stimuli Universal in animal kingdom evolved early protozoans ...
Attention as a decision in information space
... decisions need not be expressed in LIP, suggesting that this area ‘‘reads out’’ decision computations only in variable, task-specific manner. In a subsequent series of experiments we asked whether, in addition to responding to salient visual stimuli, LIP is also important for effortful, top-down att ...
... decisions need not be expressed in LIP, suggesting that this area ‘‘reads out’’ decision computations only in variable, task-specific manner. In a subsequent series of experiments we asked whether, in addition to responding to salient visual stimuli, LIP is also important for effortful, top-down att ...
Optometric Management Of A Patient With Parietal Lobe Injury
... cortex (V1) and proceeds ventrally to inferotemporal cortex. Its main responsibility is in the identification and recognition of objects. The dorsal pathway receives input through the magno-retinogeniculate pathway. The cortical pathway originates in V1, then to V5, to the middle temporal area, (MT) ...
... cortex (V1) and proceeds ventrally to inferotemporal cortex. Its main responsibility is in the identification and recognition of objects. The dorsal pathway receives input through the magno-retinogeniculate pathway. The cortical pathway originates in V1, then to V5, to the middle temporal area, (MT) ...
Multimodal Virtual Environments: Response Times, Attention, and
... VA and HA conditions, and only marginal difference in HV conition ...
... VA and HA conditions, and only marginal difference in HV conition ...
Visual Cortex and Control Processes Stimuli in Opposite Visual
... parietal cortex where some suppression of the response to one hemifield by addition of a concurrent stimulus in the other hemifield was found. Schwartz et al. (2005) therefore suggested that attentional competition between stimuli in opposite hemifields does not affect activity at the level of occip ...
... parietal cortex where some suppression of the response to one hemifield by addition of a concurrent stimulus in the other hemifield was found. Schwartz et al. (2005) therefore suggested that attentional competition between stimuli in opposite hemifields does not affect activity at the level of occip ...
text - Systems Neuroscience Course, MEDS 371, Univ. Conn. Health
... neurons. These LGN neurons synapse in a subsection of layer 4 of V1. 2. Two Pathways Beyond the Primary Visual Cortex (V1) Neurons in V1 project their axons into two pathways that carry different information (Fig. 8). A. V1 neurons that receive information from the P and K pathways form the inferior ...
... neurons. These LGN neurons synapse in a subsection of layer 4 of V1. 2. Two Pathways Beyond the Primary Visual Cortex (V1) Neurons in V1 project their axons into two pathways that carry different information (Fig. 8). A. V1 neurons that receive information from the P and K pathways form the inferior ...
The visual cortex - Neuroscience Network Basel
... Orientation columns: neighboring cells have similar orientation preference, orientation columns are present in cats and monkeys, but not rats and mice, columns have 30 - 100m diameter, then comes a new orientation. Orientation angles shift systematically from column to column, covering the whole ra ...
... Orientation columns: neighboring cells have similar orientation preference, orientation columns are present in cats and monkeys, but not rats and mice, columns have 30 - 100m diameter, then comes a new orientation. Orientation angles shift systematically from column to column, covering the whole ra ...
Neuronal activity in dorsomedial frontal cortex and prefrontal cortex
... and PF was affected by stimulus location, even when that stimulus dimension was behaviorally irrelevant. Previous studies of both PF (Rainer et al. 1998; Rao et al. 1997; White and Wise 1999) and DMF (Olson et al. 2000; White and Wise 1999) have shown that stimulus location influences neuronal activ ...
... and PF was affected by stimulus location, even when that stimulus dimension was behaviorally irrelevant. Previous studies of both PF (Rainer et al. 1998; Rao et al. 1997; White and Wise 1999) and DMF (Olson et al. 2000; White and Wise 1999) have shown that stimulus location influences neuronal activ ...
Speed, noise, information and the graded nature of neuronal
... information transmitted. Note that this binarization preserves at least part of the original trial-to-trial variability, but results in an apparent sparseness different from the true value. Ideal binary responses are simply those of a unit operating at the same grand mean rate and sparseness as the ...
... information transmitted. Note that this binarization preserves at least part of the original trial-to-trial variability, but results in an apparent sparseness different from the true value. Ideal binary responses are simply those of a unit operating at the same grand mean rate and sparseness as the ...
Can neuroscience reveal the true nature of consciousness?
... Response properties of neurons along this hierarchy have mainly been studied using isolated stimuli. But natural scenes typically contain many objects. In that case, competition between these stimuli arises16,17 , such that not all stimuli reach into the highest levels of this hierarchy; only a few ...
... Response properties of neurons along this hierarchy have mainly been studied using isolated stimuli. But natural scenes typically contain many objects. In that case, competition between these stimuli arises16,17 , such that not all stimuli reach into the highest levels of this hierarchy; only a few ...
Relative timing: from behaviour to neurons
... where SOA is zero; neither does an SOA ¼ 0 necessarily yield a percept of simultaneity in observers. Thus, the PSS is an index of the bias (horizontal offset) of the psychometric function. The second parameter is the just notable difference (JND) or threshold, corresponding to half of the interquart ...
... where SOA is zero; neither does an SOA ¼ 0 necessarily yield a percept of simultaneity in observers. Thus, the PSS is an index of the bias (horizontal offset) of the psychometric function. The second parameter is the just notable difference (JND) or threshold, corresponding to half of the interquart ...
“visual pathway and its lesions” dr.tasneem
... the retinas cross to the opposite sides, where they join the fibers from the opposite temporal retinas to form the optic tracts. • The fibers of each optic tract then synapse in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, • From there, geniculocalcarine fibers pass by way of the optic rad ...
... the retinas cross to the opposite sides, where they join the fibers from the opposite temporal retinas to form the optic tracts. • The fibers of each optic tract then synapse in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus, • From there, geniculocalcarine fibers pass by way of the optic rad ...
The Motor System of the Cortex and the Brain Stem
... direction, discharge was minimal. Therefore, the discharge during the delay period appeared to be related in some way to the target’s position. Importantly, after the go signal was given, the discharge remained the same as it was during the delay period. This second observation suggests that the in ...
... direction, discharge was minimal. Therefore, the discharge during the delay period appeared to be related in some way to the target’s position. Importantly, after the go signal was given, the discharge remained the same as it was during the delay period. This second observation suggests that the in ...
WHY HAVE MULTIPLE CORTICAL AREAS?
... 34 and 20. for instance, obviously belong to the same thin block, even though in human VI they might be represented 5 em or more apart. Guzmann (1978) wrote a computer program to do this and emphaaiaed the importance of “linking prineipies”--’ m this ease the orientation of edges--in facilitating th ...
... 34 and 20. for instance, obviously belong to the same thin block, even though in human VI they might be represented 5 em or more apart. Guzmann (1978) wrote a computer program to do this and emphaaiaed the importance of “linking prineipies”--’ m this ease the orientation of edges--in facilitating th ...
Print - Stroke
... variations have been quantified using different physiologic imaging techniques, the most sophisticated being PET. These studies have clearly disclosed increases in the occipital metabolic rate for glucose and rCBF during stimulation with either white light or complex scenes.8 However, PET is a relat ...
... variations have been quantified using different physiologic imaging techniques, the most sophisticated being PET. These studies have clearly disclosed increases in the occipital metabolic rate for glucose and rCBF during stimulation with either white light or complex scenes.8 However, PET is a relat ...