Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
... acid (Ibo). Ibo has been reported to destroy cell bodies selectively while leaving fibers of passage in the underlying white matter undamaged (14, 15). With the help of electrophysiological mapping, we inserted a Hamilton syringe needle into the anteroventral temporal lobe. A grid of 1-ml injections ...
... acid (Ibo). Ibo has been reported to destroy cell bodies selectively while leaving fibers of passage in the underlying white matter undamaged (14, 15). With the help of electrophysiological mapping, we inserted a Hamilton syringe needle into the anteroventral temporal lobe. A grid of 1-ml injections ...
Activity of Neurons in Anterior Inferior Temporal Cortex during a
... each of which makes different assumptions about the distributions. In a previous study (Miller et al., 199 1b), we used logistic regression. However, discriminant analysis often does better at discriminating among more than two classes and thus was employed in the present study. We also made use of ...
... each of which makes different assumptions about the distributions. In a previous study (Miller et al., 199 1b), we used logistic regression. However, discriminant analysis often does better at discriminating among more than two classes and thus was employed in the present study. We also made use of ...
Anatomical Evidence of Multimodal Integration in Primate
... anatomical and single-unit recording studies point to multisensory integration in polysensory areas located in temporal, parietal, and frontal cortex (Goldman-Rakic, 1988). However there is recent electrophysiological and brain imaging evidence that visual, auditory, and somatosensory integration oc ...
... anatomical and single-unit recording studies point to multisensory integration in polysensory areas located in temporal, parietal, and frontal cortex (Goldman-Rakic, 1988). However there is recent electrophysiological and brain imaging evidence that visual, auditory, and somatosensory integration oc ...
Visual Experience Is Necessary for Maintenance But Not
... the RFs in SC became fully refined in the dark, without any delay, yet they could not be maintained if animals remained in the dark as adults. These results are unexpected and important for understanding how early experience may influence the ability to recover from temporary vision loss late in lif ...
... the RFs in SC became fully refined in the dark, without any delay, yet they could not be maintained if animals remained in the dark as adults. These results are unexpected and important for understanding how early experience may influence the ability to recover from temporary vision loss late in lif ...
Canonical computations of cerebral cortex
... factor of 10 over the same species [18], suggesting that the most salient evolutionary change in cortex has been enormous multiplication of the number of ‘units’ [e.g. 14]. The nature of this six-layer computation remains unclear. The classic picture [e.g. 19,20] is that feedforward input to a given ...
... factor of 10 over the same species [18], suggesting that the most salient evolutionary change in cortex has been enormous multiplication of the number of ‘units’ [e.g. 14]. The nature of this six-layer computation remains unclear. The classic picture [e.g. 19,20] is that feedforward input to a given ...
Vision`s First Steps: Anatomy, Physiology, and Perception in the
... between the retina and the cortex. However, LGN neurons are part of a complex circuit that involves ascending, descending and recurrent sets of neuronal connections [5, 194, 201]. The major source of descending input comes from neurons in layer 6 of V1. These feedback connections can be excitatory ( ...
... between the retina and the cortex. However, LGN neurons are part of a complex circuit that involves ascending, descending and recurrent sets of neuronal connections [5, 194, 201]. The major source of descending input comes from neurons in layer 6 of V1. These feedback connections can be excitatory ( ...
Predictability Modulates Human Brain Response to Reward
... temporal-differences (TD), which postulates that a synaptically reinforcing substance, e.g. dopamine, is released in response to errors in reward prediction (Schultz et al., 1997). This model has been used in a wide variety of applications including complex learning tasks, like backgammon (Sutton, 1 ...
... temporal-differences (TD), which postulates that a synaptically reinforcing substance, e.g. dopamine, is released in response to errors in reward prediction (Schultz et al., 1997). This model has been used in a wide variety of applications including complex learning tasks, like backgammon (Sutton, 1 ...
Electrophysiology in Vision How VEP and ERG Can Impact Your
... the Director of Ophthalmic Pathology at the University of Toronto ), found in a primate model that there was extensive loss of nerve cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus with progressive glaucoma, a process known as transneuronal degeneration. According to Dr. Weinreb, by studying changes in the ...
... the Director of Ophthalmic Pathology at the University of Toronto ), found in a primate model that there was extensive loss of nerve cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus with progressive glaucoma, a process known as transneuronal degeneration. According to Dr. Weinreb, by studying changes in the ...
Representational Capacity of Face Coding in Monkeys
... doing the sum. Typically, 500-5000 iterations were used, although fairly accurate results could be obtained using a smaller number. In addition to computing the information for all 14 recorded cells, we computed the information with smaller numbers of neurons. To do this we averaged over randomly ch ...
... doing the sum. Typically, 500-5000 iterations were used, although fairly accurate results could be obtained using a smaller number. In addition to computing the information for all 14 recorded cells, we computed the information with smaller numbers of neurons. To do this we averaged over randomly ch ...
Integrated model of visual processing
... and 2D analysis of luminance borders. The next level is the 2 1 / 2 D sketch that encodes the position and orientation in depth of small surface elements in 3D and the final stage is the 3D representation that corresponds to the representation of objects in three dimensions. Thus, it is a model base ...
... and 2D analysis of luminance borders. The next level is the 2 1 / 2 D sketch that encodes the position and orientation in depth of small surface elements in 3D and the final stage is the 3D representation that corresponds to the representation of objects in three dimensions. Thus, it is a model base ...
Position Selectivity in Scene- and Object-Responsive
... Fixed-Repeat, but with alternating stimuli appearing in opposite hemifields. For half of the Cross-Novel and Cross-Repeat blocks the first stimulus appeared on the left and in the other half the first stimulus appeared on the right. For each hemifield, Cross-Novel and Cross-Repeat blocks provided id ...
... Fixed-Repeat, but with alternating stimuli appearing in opposite hemifields. For half of the Cross-Novel and Cross-Repeat blocks the first stimulus appeared on the left and in the other half the first stimulus appeared on the right. For each hemifield, Cross-Novel and Cross-Repeat blocks provided id ...
Changes in Prefrontal Neuronal Activity after
... on any laboratory task. During the initial phase of data collection, the subjects were required only to maintain fixation, while stimuli were presented on a screen. A trial consisted of the sequential presentation of 2 visual stimuli separated by a ‘‘delay’’ interval during which only the fixation sti ...
... on any laboratory task. During the initial phase of data collection, the subjects were required only to maintain fixation, while stimuli were presented on a screen. A trial consisted of the sequential presentation of 2 visual stimuli separated by a ‘‘delay’’ interval during which only the fixation sti ...
Predictability Modulates Human Brain Response to Reward
... variety of applications, including complex learning tasks such as backgammon (Sutton, 1988; Tesauro and Sejnowski, 1989), as well as successf ully predicting the activity of dopamine neurons in numerous conditioning paradigms (Houk et al., 1995; Montague et al., 1995) and motor sequencing tasks (Ber ...
... variety of applications, including complex learning tasks such as backgammon (Sutton, 1988; Tesauro and Sejnowski, 1989), as well as successf ully predicting the activity of dopamine neurons in numerous conditioning paradigms (Houk et al., 1995; Montague et al., 1995) and motor sequencing tasks (Ber ...
Toward a Unified Theory of Visual Area V4
... and has been a focus of many studies on visual attention. However, there is no unifying view of V4’s role in visual processing. Neither is there an understanding of how its role in feature processing interfaces with its role in visual attention. This review captures our current knowledge of V4, larg ...
... and has been a focus of many studies on visual attention. However, there is no unifying view of V4’s role in visual processing. Neither is there an understanding of how its role in feature processing interfaces with its role in visual attention. This review captures our current knowledge of V4, larg ...
A Subjective Distance Between Stimuli: Quantifying the Metric
... definite matrix representing the scalar product. Condition 4 imposes symmetry among the components of the vectors, which means that M must be proportional to the unit matrix. Therefore, out of all the distances that have a scalar product associated with them, the only one that fulfills condition 4 i ...
... definite matrix representing the scalar product. Condition 4 imposes symmetry among the components of the vectors, which means that M must be proportional to the unit matrix. Therefore, out of all the distances that have a scalar product associated with them, the only one that fulfills condition 4 i ...
State dependent activity in monkey visual cortex
... neurons in the visual cortex of rhesus monkeys while they performed an orientation match to sample task. In each trial the animal was first cued with randomly selected orientation, and then presented with a sequence of gratings whose orientations were randomly selected. The animal was required to re ...
... neurons in the visual cortex of rhesus monkeys while they performed an orientation match to sample task. In each trial the animal was first cued with randomly selected orientation, and then presented with a sequence of gratings whose orientations were randomly selected. The animal was required to re ...
The medial parietal occipital areas in the macaque
... The number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact ...
... The number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact ...
Ocular Dominance in Human V1 Demonstrated by Functional
... by postmortem histochemical staining for cytochrome oxidase in striate cortex by Horton et al. (1984, 1990), but a noninvasive technique for examining human striate cortex organization on the scale of cortical functional subunits has not been available. The hemodynamic-response mechanism that allows ...
... by postmortem histochemical staining for cytochrome oxidase in striate cortex by Horton et al. (1984, 1990), but a noninvasive technique for examining human striate cortex organization on the scale of cortical functional subunits has not been available. The hemodynamic-response mechanism that allows ...
Negative BOLD in Sensory Cortices During
... of visual objects presented at a 1 Hz rate (while fixating, and with no further instruction). This SCR condition was scanned in all sighted subjects and its activation was used to define posterior occipital cortex/retinotopic visual areas (Fig. 3). This was done using the same block design (12 s sti ...
... of visual objects presented at a 1 Hz rate (while fixating, and with no further instruction). This SCR condition was scanned in all sighted subjects and its activation was used to define posterior occipital cortex/retinotopic visual areas (Fig. 3). This was done using the same block design (12 s sti ...
5655.full - Journal of Neuroscience
... participated in the study after having given written informed consent. Experimental procedures were approved by the Korea University Institutional Review Board (KU-IRB-12-16-A-1) and the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Stimuli. Five emotions (anger, disgust, fear, ...
... participated in the study after having given written informed consent. Experimental procedures were approved by the Korea University Institutional Review Board (KU-IRB-12-16-A-1) and the study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Stimuli. Five emotions (anger, disgust, fear, ...
Neuronal responses to face-like and facial stimuli in the monkey
... Figure 1A shows the stimulus set, which consisted of photos of human faces, that was used in the present study. These photos have been previously reported to activate monkey amygdala neurons (Tazumi et al., 2010). The facial photos, which were obtained with five human models, consisted of three head ...
... Figure 1A shows the stimulus set, which consisted of photos of human faces, that was used in the present study. These photos have been previously reported to activate monkey amygdala neurons (Tazumi et al., 2010). The facial photos, which were obtained with five human models, consisted of three head ...
Frontal Eye Fields - Psychological Sciences
... conspicuous stimulus. The response to the target (solid line), and the response to a distractor (dotted line), are superimposed for comparison. The stimulus array is shown at the top with superimposed receptive fields mapping onto the corresponding activation. After around 100 ms a selection process ...
... conspicuous stimulus. The response to the target (solid line), and the response to a distractor (dotted line), are superimposed for comparison. The stimulus array is shown at the top with superimposed receptive fields mapping onto the corresponding activation. After around 100 ms a selection process ...
Functional architecture in monkey inferotemporal cortex revealed by
... face to face to focus the image onto the detector chip of the CCD camera (Ratzlaff and Grinvald, 1991). The size of imaged area was adjusted by selecting an appropriate combination of lenses with different focal distances, 35 and 50 mm. The CCD camera was focused on a plane 300 mm below the cortical ...
... face to face to focus the image onto the detector chip of the CCD camera (Ratzlaff and Grinvald, 1991). The size of imaged area was adjusted by selecting an appropriate combination of lenses with different focal distances, 35 and 50 mm. The CCD camera was focused on a plane 300 mm below the cortical ...
Physiology of the Striate Cortex
... • Retinotopy • Map of the visual field onto a target structure (retina, LGN, superior colliculus, striate cortex) - overrepresentation of central visual field • Discrete point of light: Activates many cells in the target structure • Perception: Based on the brain’s interpretation of distributed patt ...
... • Retinotopy • Map of the visual field onto a target structure (retina, LGN, superior colliculus, striate cortex) - overrepresentation of central visual field • Discrete point of light: Activates many cells in the target structure • Perception: Based on the brain’s interpretation of distributed patt ...
ATTENTIONAL MODULATION OF VISUAL PROCESSING John H
... of luminance contrast, two of which (5%, bottom panel, and 10%, middle panel) were too faint to elicit a response. That is, they were both below the neuron’s contrast-response threshold. The third contrast (80%, top panel) was above the level of contrast at which the neuronal response saturated. The ...
... of luminance contrast, two of which (5%, bottom panel, and 10%, middle panel) were too faint to elicit a response. That is, they were both below the neuron’s contrast-response threshold. The third contrast (80%, top panel) was above the level of contrast at which the neuronal response saturated. The ...