What is the other 85% of V1 doing?
... are no more valid than any other stimulus. Although it is true that an orthonormal basis (which could comprise any of these stimuli) can fully describe any pattern, characterizing the responses to each basis function in isolation is pointless when the system is non-linear. What about bars of light ...
... are no more valid than any other stimulus. Although it is true that an orthonormal basis (which could comprise any of these stimuli) can fully describe any pattern, characterizing the responses to each basis function in isolation is pointless when the system is non-linear. What about bars of light ...
The response of cat visual cortex to flicker stimuli of variable frequency
... different electrodes located within the same area, but in responses from area 18, the second, sustained component was more pronounced than in responses from area 17. At this low stimulus frequency, there were no significant further after-discharges at the end of the flicker sequence (Fig. 1C). As fl ...
... different electrodes located within the same area, but in responses from area 18, the second, sustained component was more pronounced than in responses from area 17. At this low stimulus frequency, there were no significant further after-discharges at the end of the flicker sequence (Fig. 1C). As fl ...
Vision in Drosophila - University of Queensland
... are known, but there is no predominant model for how these are integrated, if at all, with other visual cues. Finally, what neuroanatomical clues indicate that flies see different patterns? Unfortunately, unlike motion and color, there are none, neither imprinted on the compound eye’s structure nor i ...
... are known, but there is no predominant model for how these are integrated, if at all, with other visual cues. Finally, what neuroanatomical clues indicate that flies see different patterns? Unfortunately, unlike motion and color, there are none, neither imprinted on the compound eye’s structure nor i ...
Receptive fields and suppressive fields in the
... As with LGN neurons, responses of V1 neurons reveal nonlinearities that require a revision of the receptive field model. In particular, these neurons exhibit clear phenomena of suppression. First, V1 neurons receive suppression from within the receptive field (reviewed in Carandini et al., 1999; Hee ...
... As with LGN neurons, responses of V1 neurons reveal nonlinearities that require a revision of the receptive field model. In particular, these neurons exhibit clear phenomena of suppression. First, V1 neurons receive suppression from within the receptive field (reviewed in Carandini et al., 1999; Hee ...
Examples of well-written lab reports, by section
... were used. After the tenth time the button was pressed, the Stop button was pressed. The reaction times were acquired using Labscribe, and then averaged to get one reaction time for each subject. Next, the computer screen was covered with a sheet of black construction paper. The subject remained fac ...
... were used. After the tenth time the button was pressed, the Stop button was pressed. The reaction times were acquired using Labscribe, and then averaged to get one reaction time for each subject. Next, the computer screen was covered with a sheet of black construction paper. The subject remained fac ...
Visual Perception: Objects and Scenes
... According to the figural simplicity theory, visual completion is done in the way that results in the “simplest” perceived figures. This theory successfully explains the first case of Figure 2; the arbitrary shape occluded by the black square is completed just by smoothly connecting two points at the ...
... According to the figural simplicity theory, visual completion is done in the way that results in the “simplest” perceived figures. This theory successfully explains the first case of Figure 2; the arbitrary shape occluded by the black square is completed just by smoothly connecting two points at the ...
100 The Molecular and Structural Basis of Amblyopia
... To study the mechanisms of homosynaptic depression, a paradigm was introduced by Dudek and Bear (1992) in which tetanic electrical stimulation of synapses was used to induce long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission in brain slices (reviewed by Bear, 2003). Although it is now appreciated t ...
... To study the mechanisms of homosynaptic depression, a paradigm was introduced by Dudek and Bear (1992) in which tetanic electrical stimulation of synapses was used to induce long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission in brain slices (reviewed by Bear, 2003). Although it is now appreciated t ...
Real-time tomography from magnetoencephalography (MEG
... directly used to index activity. The ambiguity is augmented when such raw signal is linked to localized measures of activity derived from methods like fMRI or invasive electrode recordings. For example, in many papers the EEG N170 or the corresponding MEG M170 signal component elicited by face stimu ...
... directly used to index activity. The ambiguity is augmented when such raw signal is linked to localized measures of activity derived from methods like fMRI or invasive electrode recordings. For example, in many papers the EEG N170 or the corresponding MEG M170 signal component elicited by face stimu ...
Attitudes and Evaluation 1 Attitudes and Evaluation
... Noll, & Fiez, 2000) are involved primarily in the processing of positive affect (see Wager, Phan, Liberzon, & Taylor, 2003 for a meta-analysis). Although such findings do not necessarily imply that the processing of positive and negative information is fully dissociated, this suggests that they may ...
... Noll, & Fiez, 2000) are involved primarily in the processing of positive affect (see Wager, Phan, Liberzon, & Taylor, 2003 for a meta-analysis). Although such findings do not necessarily imply that the processing of positive and negative information is fully dissociated, this suggests that they may ...
Modulation of attentional inhibition by norepinephrine and cortisol
... cm from the screen. Each trial was started by the ...
... cm from the screen. Each trial was started by the ...
Multiplication and stimulus invariance in a looming
... Invariant visual responses have for example been described in the inferotemporal cortex of macaque monkeys, where many neurons respond to specific objects with an increase in mean firing rate that is largely independent of object size or position in the visual field [62,71]. Such invariance properties ...
... Invariant visual responses have for example been described in the inferotemporal cortex of macaque monkeys, where many neurons respond to specific objects with an increase in mean firing rate that is largely independent of object size or position in the visual field [62,71]. Such invariance properties ...
Webb et al 2002 - User Web Areas at the University of York
... Contrast of visual stimuli was specified by Michelson contrast ~L max 2 L min )0~L max 1 L min ). A neuron’s polarity (on or off-center) was determined by comparing its response to bright and dark spots. Its spatial- and temporal-frequency tuning and optimal stimulus size were measured with drifting ...
... Contrast of visual stimuli was specified by Michelson contrast ~L max 2 L min )0~L max 1 L min ). A neuron’s polarity (on or off-center) was determined by comparing its response to bright and dark spots. Its spatial- and temporal-frequency tuning and optimal stimulus size were measured with drifting ...
Протокол
... protein, has been identified. The application of odorants to olfactory receptor sites has two effects. The direct effect is to open sodium channels, depolarizing the receptor and increasing the discharge frequency. The indirect effect is thought to be mediated via second messenger mechanisms. How di ...
... protein, has been identified. The application of odorants to olfactory receptor sites has two effects. The direct effect is to open sodium channels, depolarizing the receptor and increasing the discharge frequency. The indirect effect is thought to be mediated via second messenger mechanisms. How di ...
Contextual modulation and stimulus selectivity in extrastriate cortex
... between contrast and the neural response, but, importantly, the neuron’s selectivity for stimulus features, as determined by the ensemble of excitatory input, is independent of contrast. This seems like a desirable property in general, as there is no reason why visual perception of the surrounding e ...
... between contrast and the neural response, but, importantly, the neuron’s selectivity for stimulus features, as determined by the ensemble of excitatory input, is independent of contrast. This seems like a desirable property in general, as there is no reason why visual perception of the surrounding e ...
What Are Emotional States, and Why Do We
... association learning; emotional states are produced as a result (Rolls, in press). This process is implemented in structures such as the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala (see Figures 2 and 3; Grabenhorst & Rolls, 2011; Rolls, in press; Rolls & Grabenhorst, 2008). The second is instrumental learning ...
... association learning; emotional states are produced as a result (Rolls, in press). This process is implemented in structures such as the orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala (see Figures 2 and 3; Grabenhorst & Rolls, 2011; Rolls, in press; Rolls & Grabenhorst, 2008). The second is instrumental learning ...
Towards understanding of the cortical network underlying
... brain areas in a brain-wide network interact with each other to orchestrate cognitive functions (‘global network’ viewpoint) and the other considers how the properties of single neurons and their synaptic connections with neighbouring neurons combine to form local circuits and exhibit the function a ...
... brain areas in a brain-wide network interact with each other to orchestrate cognitive functions (‘global network’ viewpoint) and the other considers how the properties of single neurons and their synaptic connections with neighbouring neurons combine to form local circuits and exhibit the function a ...
Mental Set Alters Visibility of Moving Targets Mental Set
... our measure, the mechanism that re- (i) RT under direction uncertainty and (ii) RT under direction certainty (upwardonly). sponds to upward motion shows a rapid Meansof threeobservers. decline in sensitivity as the stimulating direction departs from upward. We have also begun to examine the ef- peri ...
... our measure, the mechanism that re- (i) RT under direction uncertainty and (ii) RT under direction certainty (upwardonly). sponds to upward motion shows a rapid Meansof threeobservers. decline in sensitivity as the stimulating direction departs from upward. We have also begun to examine the ef- peri ...
Tsodyks-Banbury-2006
... Open questions: How do precise spike patterns emerge in the cortex? How can they be robust in the presence of random firing of surrounding neurons? (Synfire chains? – I don’t like it!) What is the relation between the spike patterns and the stimuli that they are coding for? How can the information ...
... Open questions: How do precise spike patterns emerge in the cortex? How can they be robust in the presence of random firing of surrounding neurons? (Synfire chains? – I don’t like it!) What is the relation between the spike patterns and the stimuli that they are coding for? How can the information ...
Two Critical and Functionally Distinct Stages of Face and Body Perception
... Cortical regions that respond preferentially to particular object categories, such as faces and bodies, are essential for visual perception of these object categories. However, precisely when these regions play a causal role in recognition of their preferred categories is unclear. Here we addressed ...
... Cortical regions that respond preferentially to particular object categories, such as faces and bodies, are essential for visual perception of these object categories. However, precisely when these regions play a causal role in recognition of their preferred categories is unclear. Here we addressed ...
The functional organization of the intraparietal sulcus in humans and
... thereof), and planning and executing object-centred movements. The areas within the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), in particular, serve as interfaces between the perceptive and motor systems for controlling arm and eye movements in space. We review here the latest evidence for the existence of the IPS ...
... thereof), and planning and executing object-centred movements. The areas within the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), in particular, serve as interfaces between the perceptive and motor systems for controlling arm and eye movements in space. We review here the latest evidence for the existence of the IPS ...
Schwartz
... functional brain architecture and epilepsy is photosensitive epilepsy. This phenomenon occurs in up to 15% of patients with epilepsy, of which as many as 70% patients will demonstrate a phenomenon called ‘pattern-sensitive epilepsy’, in which epileptic events are triggered by patterned visual stimul ...
... functional brain architecture and epilepsy is photosensitive epilepsy. This phenomenon occurs in up to 15% of patients with epilepsy, of which as many as 70% patients will demonstrate a phenomenon called ‘pattern-sensitive epilepsy’, in which epileptic events are triggered by patterned visual stimul ...
A framework for the first-person internal sensation of visual
... lacking. Perception was also viewed in terms of variational free-energy minimization based on the assumption that biological systems maximize the Bayesian evidence for their model of the world through an active sampling of sensory information (Friston et al. 2006). Studies showed that activity in a ...
... lacking. Perception was also viewed in terms of variational free-energy minimization based on the assumption that biological systems maximize the Bayesian evidence for their model of the world through an active sampling of sensory information (Friston et al. 2006). Studies showed that activity in a ...
Models of Information Processing in the Visual Cortex
... of the visual system are usually considered . Of course, there are models more encompassing than others with more functionalities. However, most of them deal with only one of the two main visual functions, that is, localization or recognition. Ironically, this fits the often used ventral vs. dorsal s ...
... of the visual system are usually considered . Of course, there are models more encompassing than others with more functionalities. However, most of them deal with only one of the two main visual functions, that is, localization or recognition. Ironically, this fits the often used ventral vs. dorsal s ...
A Neurodynamical cortical model of visual attention and
... cortical visual system to be explored, because it incorporates several aspects of the cortical architecture of the visual systems found in the brain, including the hierarchies present in the ventral or Ôwhat’ visual system, and the backprojections in the ventral and dorsal visual ...
... cortical visual system to be explored, because it incorporates several aspects of the cortical architecture of the visual systems found in the brain, including the hierarchies present in the ventral or Ôwhat’ visual system, and the backprojections in the ventral and dorsal visual ...
Reflexes. Reaction time.
... Types of reflexes • conditional (classical conditioning, Pavlovian or respondent conditioning, Pavlovian reinforcement): – a form of associative learning that was first demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov – classical conditioning involves presentations of a neutral stimulus along with a stimulus of some si ...
... Types of reflexes • conditional (classical conditioning, Pavlovian or respondent conditioning, Pavlovian reinforcement): – a form of associative learning that was first demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov – classical conditioning involves presentations of a neutral stimulus along with a stimulus of some si ...