Contrasting latitudinal patterns of life‐history divergence in two
... Martin 2002). A subset of these nests was videotaped more than once throughout the incubation stage to determine changes in nest attentiveness across the incubation stage. Nest attentiveness is defined here as the percentage of total observation time an adult spent on the nest during incubation. Vide ...
... Martin 2002). A subset of these nests was videotaped more than once throughout the incubation stage to determine changes in nest attentiveness across the incubation stage. Nest attentiveness is defined here as the percentage of total observation time an adult spent on the nest during incubation. Vide ...
Chapter 100 - Burnett County, WI
... sea level in the Southeast corner of the county. The terrain ranges from generally level to gently rolling. The St. Croix River flows from the northeast corner of the County to the southwest corner and receives flow from the Namekagon, Yellow, Clam and Wood Rivers as well as many other smaller creek ...
... sea level in the Southeast corner of the county. The terrain ranges from generally level to gently rolling. The St. Croix River flows from the northeast corner of the County to the southwest corner and receives flow from the Namekagon, Yellow, Clam and Wood Rivers as well as many other smaller creek ...
Nitrogen Fixer leaf litter loses mass faster than non
... Although the nitrogen-fixer leaf litter lost great mass over the four months of this study than non-nitrogen fixers, the Douglas fir(DF) litter, a non-nitrogen fixer species, lost the greatest amount of mass. Other studies have shown the ‘home field advantage’ of native litter in over 25 sites world ...
... Although the nitrogen-fixer leaf litter lost great mass over the four months of this study than non-nitrogen fixers, the Douglas fir(DF) litter, a non-nitrogen fixer species, lost the greatest amount of mass. Other studies have shown the ‘home field advantage’ of native litter in over 25 sites world ...
species diversity and community structure in forest fragments
... we collected data from 138 forest fragments (referred to as fengshui woods by local people) in southern China and compared them with those collected from a well protected large natural reserve, the Dinghu Mountain Biosphere Reserve (Dinghu). Our data indicated that the forest fragments contained low ...
... we collected data from 138 forest fragments (referred to as fengshui woods by local people) in southern China and compared them with those collected from a well protected large natural reserve, the Dinghu Mountain Biosphere Reserve (Dinghu). Our data indicated that the forest fragments contained low ...
dodo and calvaria
... producing an evenly dispersed distribution in the adult tree population. But in Madagascar, which is strikingly depauperate in avian frugivores, few bird species (3) dispersed seeds, leading to very low dispersal percentages (7.9%). Consequently, seedlings established close to and under parent trees ...
... producing an evenly dispersed distribution in the adult tree population. But in Madagascar, which is strikingly depauperate in avian frugivores, few bird species (3) dispersed seeds, leading to very low dispersal percentages (7.9%). Consequently, seedlings established close to and under parent trees ...
Composition and Distribution of Epiphytic Organic Matter in a
... (>60°) branches. The variation of EOM was much greater within trees (between branches) than among different trees. EOM was composed of approximately 6 0 percent dead organic matter, 20 percent live and dead roots, 10 percent angiosperms, 5 percent ferns, and 5 percent cryptogams. Sixty-five angiospe ...
... (>60°) branches. The variation of EOM was much greater within trees (between branches) than among different trees. EOM was composed of approximately 6 0 percent dead organic matter, 20 percent live and dead roots, 10 percent angiosperms, 5 percent ferns, and 5 percent cryptogams. Sixty-five angiospe ...
The Ecological Significance of the Herbaceous Layer in
... Following a stand-initiating disturbance, such as the 1988 Yellowstone fires—or even a small-scale disturbance, such as the death and toppling of a large canopy tree—the response of woody and herbaceous plant species usually is quite vigorous. Intense competition can result, as the seedlings and spr ...
... Following a stand-initiating disturbance, such as the 1988 Yellowstone fires—or even a small-scale disturbance, such as the death and toppling of a large canopy tree—the response of woody and herbaceous plant species usually is quite vigorous. Intense competition can result, as the seedlings and spr ...
Forest Health highlights 2012 MAINE
... An unusual occurrence of needle drop on eastern hemlock was observed and reported throughout southern, eastern, and central Maine during mid-June to around mid-July. The needles, which appear green and healthy, were shed in numbers high enough so as to cover the ground and leaves of understory veget ...
... An unusual occurrence of needle drop on eastern hemlock was observed and reported throughout southern, eastern, and central Maine during mid-June to around mid-July. The needles, which appear green and healthy, were shed in numbers high enough so as to cover the ground and leaves of understory veget ...
leaf functional traits vary with the adult height of plant species in
... Within-community variation accounts for a remarkable proportion of the variation in leaf functional traits. Plant height may be used to explain within-community variances of leaf traits because different microenvironments, especially light intensity, may occur at different heights. This study determ ...
... Within-community variation accounts for a remarkable proportion of the variation in leaf functional traits. Plant height may be used to explain within-community variances of leaf traits because different microenvironments, especially light intensity, may occur at different heights. This study determ ...
Characteristics of a terrestrial small mammal assemblage in a
... opposite sides of the Andes at approximately 41 os latitude in Chile and Argentina. Precordilleran forests between 1001,000 m elevation in this region have high annual rainfall [2,000-3,000 mm with approximately two thirds in cooler fall to winter months (April-September)], and moderate temperatures ...
... opposite sides of the Andes at approximately 41 os latitude in Chile and Argentina. Precordilleran forests between 1001,000 m elevation in this region have high annual rainfall [2,000-3,000 mm with approximately two thirds in cooler fall to winter months (April-September)], and moderate temperatures ...
Forest restoration, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning R E V I E W
... Restoring multiple forest functions requires multiple species. It is highly unlikely that species-poor plantations, which may be optimal for above-ground biomass production, will outperform species diverse assemblages for a combination of functions, including overall carbon storage and control over ...
... Restoring multiple forest functions requires multiple species. It is highly unlikely that species-poor plantations, which may be optimal for above-ground biomass production, will outperform species diverse assemblages for a combination of functions, including overall carbon storage and control over ...
Earthworm invasion into previously earthworm-free temperate and boreal forests
... part of the detritivore community, consuming leaf litter and increasing rates of decomposition. Although it is well known that detritivores and decomposers are necessary for recycling of carbon and nutrients, seldom do scientists have the chance to observe how a major change in the detritivore commu ...
... part of the detritivore community, consuming leaf litter and increasing rates of decomposition. Although it is well known that detritivores and decomposers are necessary for recycling of carbon and nutrients, seldom do scientists have the chance to observe how a major change in the detritivore commu ...
symposium 5: ecology, evolution, conservation and
... restoration to enhance landscape connectivity; (3) potential and effective forest biomass; (4) eligible areas for restoration projects to Kyoto and voluntary carbon credits; (5) areas for habitat restoration focused on the maintenance and enhancement of water provision. The Atlantic Forest, the seco ...
... restoration to enhance landscape connectivity; (3) potential and effective forest biomass; (4) eligible areas for restoration projects to Kyoto and voluntary carbon credits; (5) areas for habitat restoration focused on the maintenance and enhancement of water provision. The Atlantic Forest, the seco ...
Restoring Dipterocarp Rainforest Diversity
... 1.2 In the light of species coexistence Primary tropical forests are known to sustain a seemingly incomprehensible diversity of trees. A recent pantropical study estimate that the number of tropical tree species might exceed 50 000, which is an enormous contrast to the about 130 tree species native ...
... 1.2 In the light of species coexistence Primary tropical forests are known to sustain a seemingly incomprehensible diversity of trees. A recent pantropical study estimate that the number of tropical tree species might exceed 50 000, which is an enormous contrast to the about 130 tree species native ...
Tree species composition and diversity gradients in white
... variety of adaptations (Junk, 1989; Ayres, 1993; Cattanio et al., 2002; Wittmann et al., 2002, 2004). The different várzea forest types are characterized according to inundation height and length (highly flooded ‘low restinga’, ‘chavascal’ and ‘bajeal’; low flooded ‘high restinga’: Lamotte, 1990; A ...
... variety of adaptations (Junk, 1989; Ayres, 1993; Cattanio et al., 2002; Wittmann et al., 2002, 2004). The different várzea forest types are characterized according to inundation height and length (highly flooded ‘low restinga’, ‘chavascal’ and ‘bajeal’; low flooded ‘high restinga’: Lamotte, 1990; A ...
Studying insect diversity in the tropics
... Our thesis here is that insect ecologists can learn from the success plant ecologists have had in understanding tropical diversity. We suggest this is based on two main foundations: the availability of complete or near-complete £oral inventories for a number of di¡erent areas, and the intensive stud ...
... Our thesis here is that insect ecologists can learn from the success plant ecologists have had in understanding tropical diversity. We suggest this is based on two main foundations: the availability of complete or near-complete £oral inventories for a number of di¡erent areas, and the intensive stud ...
Density-dependence in common tree species in a tropical dry forest
... pattern, With heterospecific basal area and heterospecific abundance both positive and negative correlations were obtained, but again no consistent patterns were found. Diversity-dependent effects varied between species and years. There were negative correlations with diversity in K. calycina and bo ...
... pattern, With heterospecific basal area and heterospecific abundance both positive and negative correlations were obtained, but again no consistent patterns were found. Diversity-dependent effects varied between species and years. There were negative correlations with diversity in K. calycina and bo ...
Many shades of green: the dynamic tropical forest–savannah
... (a) Crown cover and grass cover are inversely related. The most herbaceous formations are characterized by the absence or the marginal presence of woody vegetation, such as grasslands (b), open woodlands in West Africa (c), campo sujo (d) and cerrado rupestre (e) in Brazil. In the mid-range of grass ...
... (a) Crown cover and grass cover are inversely related. The most herbaceous formations are characterized by the absence or the marginal presence of woody vegetation, such as grasslands (b), open woodlands in West Africa (c), campo sujo (d) and cerrado rupestre (e) in Brazil. In the mid-range of grass ...
Can community-protected areas conserve biodiversity in human
... conservation costs to local communities. Community-protected areas (CPA) retain control and benefits of biodiversity for local residents, but evidence of their ability to conserve biodiversity is scarce. To test the hypothesis that CPAs are effective in conserving biodiversity, we used camera-trap d ...
... conservation costs to local communities. Community-protected areas (CPA) retain control and benefits of biodiversity for local residents, but evidence of their ability to conserve biodiversity is scarce. To test the hypothesis that CPAs are effective in conserving biodiversity, we used camera-trap d ...
Briefing on mangroves2 - Ministry of Environment, Lands and
... are composed of trees, shrubs and ferns, which live half way between the land and the sea (inter-tidal zone). Mangroves include approximately 20 families and approximately 65 species worldwide. These trees have special adaptations that allow them to grow in soft, salty and oxygen-deficient soils, wh ...
... are composed of trees, shrubs and ferns, which live half way between the land and the sea (inter-tidal zone). Mangroves include approximately 20 families and approximately 65 species worldwide. These trees have special adaptations that allow them to grow in soft, salty and oxygen-deficient soils, wh ...
Get PDF - Asian Myrmecology
... ABSTRACT. In tropical rainforests, variability in the distribution of soil and litter arthropods is usually explained at regional scales by altitude, soil nutrients, and disturbance regimes. However, the influence of these factors on insect assemblages at the micro-habitat scale has rarely been stud ...
... ABSTRACT. In tropical rainforests, variability in the distribution of soil and litter arthropods is usually explained at regional scales by altitude, soil nutrients, and disturbance regimes. However, the influence of these factors on insect assemblages at the micro-habitat scale has rarely been stud ...
Forest vegetation in western Romania in relation to climate variables
... Favoured presumably by increased CO2-concentration, continued nitrogen deposition and a longer vegetation period, rear edge beech populations in Albania and Macedonia showed a recent growth increase despite increasing temperature and drought (Tegel et al. 2014). Such observations underline the neces ...
... Favoured presumably by increased CO2-concentration, continued nitrogen deposition and a longer vegetation period, rear edge beech populations in Albania and Macedonia showed a recent growth increase despite increasing temperature and drought (Tegel et al. 2014). Such observations underline the neces ...
Succession - WordPress.com
... (spread) and then germinate in new locations. 2. Plants with each other for light, water, and nutrients. The best “competitor” wins. ...
... (spread) and then germinate in new locations. 2. Plants with each other for light, water, and nutrients. The best “competitor” wins. ...
why the world is green, the waters are blue and food webs in small
... regions of different productivity. Aquatic systems, especially those of plankton, tend to have much less plant biomass than terrestrial systems, and generally a much higher proportion of the living plant biomass is consumed by herbivores. Thus open-water aquatic systems appear transparent blue or gr ...
... regions of different productivity. Aquatic systems, especially those of plankton, tend to have much less plant biomass than terrestrial systems, and generally a much higher proportion of the living plant biomass is consumed by herbivores. Thus open-water aquatic systems appear transparent blue or gr ...
Why Do Some Tropical Forests Have So Many Species of Trees?
... ulations, the neutral theory implies that they ap- diversity they favor reflect trade-offs. No one spepeared well before the origin of angiosperms 140 cies can do everything well; the inevitability of million years ago. This cannot be true. The tree trade-offs allows different species to coexist (Ma ...
... ulations, the neutral theory implies that they ap- diversity they favor reflect trade-offs. No one spepeared well before the origin of angiosperms 140 cies can do everything well; the inevitability of million years ago. This cannot be true. The tree trade-offs allows different species to coexist (Ma ...
Tropical rainforest
A tropical rainforest is a biome type that occurs roughly within the latitudes 28 degrees north or south of the equator (in the equatorial zone between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn). This ecosystem experiences high average temperatures and a significant amount of rainfall. These rainforests can be found in Asia; Australia; Africa; South America; Central America; the U.S. of Florida and Hawaii; as well as Mexico and on many of the Pacific, Caribbean, and Indian Ocean islands. Within the World Wildlife Fund's biome classification, tropical rainforests are a type of tropical wet forest (or tropical moist broadleaf forest) and may also be referred to as lowland equatorial evergreen rainforest.