Resilience Assessment of Lowland Plantations Using an
... establishment. Whether or not the new forest stands should be planted as mono- or mixed-species stands is not required by the government. As a result, all TSC’s plantations are single-species forests, although the stands of different species are interlaced, forming a mosaic landscape. 1.2. Restoring ...
... establishment. Whether or not the new forest stands should be planted as mono- or mixed-species stands is not required by the government. As a result, all TSC’s plantations are single-species forests, although the stands of different species are interlaced, forming a mosaic landscape. 1.2. Restoring ...
Seasonal changes in vertical canopy structure in a
... vertical intervals) tower. We evaluated crown depth and species composition by height from a vegetation survey. The vertical distribution of leaf and woody area density was described from measurements taken during the leafon and leaf-off seasons, and averaged 0.18 and 0.04 m2 m 3, respectively. Three ...
... vertical intervals) tower. We evaluated crown depth and species composition by height from a vegetation survey. The vertical distribution of leaf and woody area density was described from measurements taken during the leafon and leaf-off seasons, and averaged 0.18 and 0.04 m2 m 3, respectively. Three ...
FOREST DEGRADATION IN ETHIOPIA: EXTENT AND
... Figure 1: The percentages of original forest cover and the coverage in 1950 and 2000 (Aynalem, 2007) There is no reliable data on annual deforestation rate in Ethiopia, due to limited and conflicting data sources, partly attributed to varied definitions of forest in the country. The Ethiopian Forest ...
... Figure 1: The percentages of original forest cover and the coverage in 1950 and 2000 (Aynalem, 2007) There is no reliable data on annual deforestation rate in Ethiopia, due to limited and conflicting data sources, partly attributed to varied definitions of forest in the country. The Ethiopian Forest ...
Phytosociological Studies on the Vegetation at Kui Block Field
... more luxuriantly here than in the former communities in the g~ro. Ilex pedunculosa, Eul~ya japonica, Tripterospermum japonicum, Rhododendron kaempferi, R. reticulatum and Castanea crenata which are restricted to the group II-2. unit of the community in the g~ro are prominent in this community. Most ...
... more luxuriantly here than in the former communities in the g~ro. Ilex pedunculosa, Eul~ya japonica, Tripterospermum japonicum, Rhododendron kaempferi, R. reticulatum and Castanea crenata which are restricted to the group II-2. unit of the community in the g~ro are prominent in this community. Most ...
Distribution of ground-dwelling arthropods in tropical
... made up of the ith species and S is the total number of species in the sample (Pielou 1966). We also calculated the number of “unique” taxa for each habitat type, defined as those taxa represented by at least two specimens in a single habitat type and no specimens in the other two habitat types. We ...
... made up of the ith species and S is the total number of species in the sample (Pielou 1966). We also calculated the number of “unique” taxa for each habitat type, defined as those taxa represented by at least two specimens in a single habitat type and no specimens in the other two habitat types. We ...
Tropical Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)
... Hibiscus are susceptible to a variety of insect pests including aphids, scale, mealybugs, thrips and mites. In addition, hibiscus may also be infested by several foliar diseases. Powdery mildew, downy mildew and botrytis are among the most common. There are a number of cultural, mechanical, biologic ...
... Hibiscus are susceptible to a variety of insect pests including aphids, scale, mealybugs, thrips and mites. In addition, hibiscus may also be infested by several foliar diseases. Powdery mildew, downy mildew and botrytis are among the most common. There are a number of cultural, mechanical, biologic ...
"Taiga" pdf file
... extremely old nomadic people which support themselves only on reindeer rearing, its population now just 180. These people live off a symbiotic relation with their animals, so much so that the Mongolians named them Tsaatan, i.e. reindeermen, from tang, people, and Tsaa Buga, snow deer; while they cal ...
... extremely old nomadic people which support themselves only on reindeer rearing, its population now just 180. These people live off a symbiotic relation with their animals, so much so that the Mongolians named them Tsaatan, i.e. reindeermen, from tang, people, and Tsaa Buga, snow deer; while they cal ...
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... previously developed methods. There are no significant differences in either carbon or nitrogen ratios between sexes, sampling year, or year of analysis. Seasonal differences in d13C reached a low level of significance but do not affect general patterns. Variation within species was similar to that ...
... previously developed methods. There are no significant differences in either carbon or nitrogen ratios between sexes, sampling year, or year of analysis. Seasonal differences in d13C reached a low level of significance but do not affect general patterns. Variation within species was similar to that ...
Orangutans of Indonesia - Southeast Asia Program
... They are arboreal, which means they live mostly in trees. They swing from tree to tree and prefer not to cross land on the ground. They eat fruit, insects, and eggs, all food they can find in the trees. ...
... They are arboreal, which means they live mostly in trees. They swing from tree to tree and prefer not to cross land on the ground. They eat fruit, insects, and eggs, all food they can find in the trees. ...
Biomes Section 1
... large trees support communities dominated by small trees, shrubs, and grasses. • In biomes where rainfall is not frequent, the vegetation is mostly cactuses and desert shrubs. In extreme cases, lack of rainfall results in no plants, no matter what the temperature is. • The higher the temperature and ...
... large trees support communities dominated by small trees, shrubs, and grasses. • In biomes where rainfall is not frequent, the vegetation is mostly cactuses and desert shrubs. In extreme cases, lack of rainfall results in no plants, no matter what the temperature is. • The higher the temperature and ...
mediterranean chaparral - Mercer Island School District
... Features of Biome and Climate The Mediterranean Chaparral supports a variety of vegetation, such as, forests, woodlands, savannas, shrubs, grasslands, cactus plants, and other water storing plants as well. Geography begins at the seashore and extends through rolling farmlands into the ...
... Features of Biome and Climate The Mediterranean Chaparral supports a variety of vegetation, such as, forests, woodlands, savannas, shrubs, grasslands, cactus plants, and other water storing plants as well. Geography begins at the seashore and extends through rolling farmlands into the ...
Floristic composition and environmental determinants of pine forests
... The reason for this tremendous decline are not fully understood but eutrophication and acidification processes due to high atmospheric nitrogen depositions and the abandonment of traditional management such as litter raking (PRIETZEL & KAISER 2005) seem to play a prominent role for the serious decl ...
... The reason for this tremendous decline are not fully understood but eutrophication and acidification processes due to high atmospheric nitrogen depositions and the abandonment of traditional management such as litter raking (PRIETZEL & KAISER 2005) seem to play a prominent role for the serious decl ...
Succession - cloudfront.net
... The pioneer species is soon replaced by other populations. Abiotic factors such as soil quality, water, and climate will determine the species that continue the process of succession. Mosses and grasses will be able to grow in the newly created soil. During early succession, plant species like grass ...
... The pioneer species is soon replaced by other populations. Abiotic factors such as soil quality, water, and climate will determine the species that continue the process of succession. Mosses and grasses will be able to grow in the newly created soil. During early succession, plant species like grass ...
The biodiversity values of European virgin forests
... regions or continents. Virgin forests, however, can be unique in several respects: They often are small relicts from formerly much larger forest areas, they can be naturally isolated patches on mountain tops (e.g. cloud forests), or they are protected patches within larger, more or less intensely ma ...
... regions or continents. Virgin forests, however, can be unique in several respects: They often are small relicts from formerly much larger forest areas, they can be naturally isolated patches on mountain tops (e.g. cloud forests), or they are protected patches within larger, more or less intensely ma ...
What ecological effect does hay-scented fern have on the forest
... www.forestconnect.info provides responses to a variety of questions that are common among private forest owners. These answers were developed through a cooperative partnership with the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry and the NY Forest Owners Association. ...
... www.forestconnect.info provides responses to a variety of questions that are common among private forest owners. These answers were developed through a cooperative partnership with the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry and the NY Forest Owners Association. ...
Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and
... The Broad leaf tea-tree (Melaleuca viridiflora) woodlands in high rainfall coastal north Queensland ecological community represents occurrences of woodland where M. viridiflora is dominant in the canopy and a diversity of grasses, sedges and forbs occupy the ground layer. The ecological community is ...
... The Broad leaf tea-tree (Melaleuca viridiflora) woodlands in high rainfall coastal north Queensland ecological community represents occurrences of woodland where M. viridiflora is dominant in the canopy and a diversity of grasses, sedges and forbs occupy the ground layer. The ecological community is ...
Ecology and conservation of small carnivores in tropical rainforests
... animal prey such as small mammals and invertebrates during seasons of fruit scarcity [11]. It suggested that in tropical forests marked by year-round fruit availability, fruits would remain dominant in the diet through the year [11]. Apart from the abundance of resources, diet choice may also depend ...
... animal prey such as small mammals and invertebrates during seasons of fruit scarcity [11]. It suggested that in tropical forests marked by year-round fruit availability, fruits would remain dominant in the diet through the year [11]. Apart from the abundance of resources, diet choice may also depend ...
Flowering patterns in a seasonal tropical lowland forest in Western
... better knowledge of the proportion of species responding to different factors, it is difficult to predict how global climate change may affect natural ecosystem processes. The aim of this study was to describe flowering patterns for more than 100 species in Tinigua Park, Colombia, and to propose whi ...
... better knowledge of the proportion of species responding to different factors, it is difficult to predict how global climate change may affect natural ecosystem processes. The aim of this study was to describe flowering patterns for more than 100 species in Tinigua Park, Colombia, and to propose whi ...
Flowering Patterns in a Seasonal Tropical Lowland Forest in
... better knowledge of the proportion of species responding to different factors, it is difficult to predict how global climate change may affect natural ecosystem processes. The aim of this study was to describe flowering patterns for more than 100 species in Tinigua Park, Colombia, and to propose whi ...
... better knowledge of the proportion of species responding to different factors, it is difficult to predict how global climate change may affect natural ecosystem processes. The aim of this study was to describe flowering patterns for more than 100 species in Tinigua Park, Colombia, and to propose whi ...
Descriptions - Bird Studies Canada
... rivers, drainages, and near treeline. Bogs, consisting of low shrubs and shrub-graminoid communities, are common in the lowlands. Alpine dwarf scrub communities are common throughout mountainous regions, and the highest elevations are generally devoid of vegetation. Lowlands, bottomlands, and flats ...
... rivers, drainages, and near treeline. Bogs, consisting of low shrubs and shrub-graminoid communities, are common in the lowlands. Alpine dwarf scrub communities are common throughout mountainous regions, and the highest elevations are generally devoid of vegetation. Lowlands, bottomlands, and flats ...
A comparison of alpha and beta diversity patterns of ferns
... of the crucial questions arising from these surveys is to what degree the diversity patterns apply to other organisms, i.e., whether selected taxa can be used as surrogate taxa for others (Kessler et al., in press). In the tropics, taxonomic surrogacy studies of plants have mainly focused on lowland ...
... of the crucial questions arising from these surveys is to what degree the diversity patterns apply to other organisms, i.e., whether selected taxa can be used as surrogate taxa for others (Kessler et al., in press). In the tropics, taxonomic surrogacy studies of plants have mainly focused on lowland ...
evolution of old and new world migration systems
... period in Afrotropical savannah resulted in their characterisation as wandering interlopers, subordinate to Tropical residents, forced to subsist on temporary resource concentrations in marginal habitats. These ideas persist, and, indeed, provide the theoretical basis for many modern studies of migr ...
... period in Afrotropical savannah resulted in their characterisation as wandering interlopers, subordinate to Tropical residents, forced to subsist on temporary resource concentrations in marginal habitats. These ideas persist, and, indeed, provide the theoretical basis for many modern studies of migr ...
Biomes, Ecosystems, and Communities Worksheets
... enough moisture. A huge diversity of plants can grow in hot, wet climates. The timing of precipitation also affects the growing season. In some areas, most of the precipitation falls during a single wet season (such as in California), rather than throughout the year (such as in New England). In thes ...
... enough moisture. A huge diversity of plants can grow in hot, wet climates. The timing of precipitation also affects the growing season. In some areas, most of the precipitation falls during a single wet season (such as in California), rather than throughout the year (such as in New England). In thes ...
Introduction
... The introduction's third task is to outline the logical progression of the paper by summarizing its content. In one or two sentences, it specifies the structure of the paper by listing its main ideas in the correct order. Here are a few ways of organizing your ideas: Adopt a linear outline by buildi ...
... The introduction's third task is to outline the logical progression of the paper by summarizing its content. In one or two sentences, it specifies the structure of the paper by listing its main ideas in the correct order. Here are a few ways of organizing your ideas: Adopt a linear outline by buildi ...
Tropical rainforest
A tropical rainforest is a biome type that occurs roughly within the latitudes 28 degrees north or south of the equator (in the equatorial zone between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn). This ecosystem experiences high average temperatures and a significant amount of rainfall. These rainforests can be found in Asia; Australia; Africa; South America; Central America; the U.S. of Florida and Hawaii; as well as Mexico and on many of the Pacific, Caribbean, and Indian Ocean islands. Within the World Wildlife Fund's biome classification, tropical rainforests are a type of tropical wet forest (or tropical moist broadleaf forest) and may also be referred to as lowland equatorial evergreen rainforest.