Vertical stratification of the termite assemblage in a
... Tropical rainforest canopies are a harsh environment, receiving much more sunlight and experiencing stronger variations in temperature and humidity than the understorey and ground strata below (Bohlman et al. 1995; Madigosky 2004). In the aftermath of pioneering studies of the biological diversity o ...
... Tropical rainforest canopies are a harsh environment, receiving much more sunlight and experiencing stronger variations in temperature and humidity than the understorey and ground strata below (Bohlman et al. 1995; Madigosky 2004). In the aftermath of pioneering studies of the biological diversity o ...
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
... 11. The amount of net carbohydrate remaining after respiration has broken down sufficient carbohydrate to support a plant is the: A) primary production B) net primary production C) biomass D) gross photosynthesis E) net photosynthesis 12. The dry weight of living organic matter in an ecosystem withi ...
... 11. The amount of net carbohydrate remaining after respiration has broken down sufficient carbohydrate to support a plant is the: A) primary production B) net primary production C) biomass D) gross photosynthesis E) net photosynthesis 12. The dry weight of living organic matter in an ecosystem withi ...
Tropical Grassland Ecosystems and Climate Change
... Elevated CO2 will render the grassy biomes vulnerable, and C3 grasses could replace C4 grasses with cascading effects on herbivores and fire regime. Elevated CO 2 will enhance the productivity by 15 – 20% and also enhance soil carbon storage. The effect of elevated CO2 on grassland ecosystem evapo-t ...
... Elevated CO2 will render the grassy biomes vulnerable, and C3 grasses could replace C4 grasses with cascading effects on herbivores and fire regime. Elevated CO 2 will enhance the productivity by 15 – 20% and also enhance soil carbon storage. The effect of elevated CO2 on grassland ecosystem evapo-t ...
Describe tropical rain forest ecosystem dynamics.
... Explain ecological disturbances and ecological succession Compare and contrast the classic biomes on earth. State the three levels of biodiversity and explain their importance. ...
... Explain ecological disturbances and ecological succession Compare and contrast the classic biomes on earth. State the three levels of biodiversity and explain their importance. ...
Taiga - Eniscuola
... extremely old nomadic people which support themselves only on reindeer rearing, its population now just 180. These people live off a symbiotic relation with their animals, so much so that the Mongolians named them Tsaatan, i.e. reindeermen, from tang, people, and Tsaa Buga, snow deer; while they cal ...
... extremely old nomadic people which support themselves only on reindeer rearing, its population now just 180. These people live off a symbiotic relation with their animals, so much so that the Mongolians named them Tsaatan, i.e. reindeermen, from tang, people, and Tsaa Buga, snow deer; while they cal ...
C. E. Timothy Paine – Curriculum Vitae
... patterns of volatile terpene emissions across 202 tropical tree species. Ecology and Evolution. 6: 2854-2864. abstract. Plant responses to natural enemies include formation of secondary metabolites acting as direct or indirect defences. Volatile terpenes represent one of the most diverse groups of s ...
... patterns of volatile terpene emissions across 202 tropical tree species. Ecology and Evolution. 6: 2854-2864. abstract. Plant responses to natural enemies include formation of secondary metabolites acting as direct or indirect defences. Volatile terpenes represent one of the most diverse groups of s ...
species diversity, floristic composition and physiognomy changes in
... which 188 species were common. Species diversity did not reduce with diminution and further isolation of the remnant. Species could condense with the limited natural habitats of the remnant with the loss of surrounding natural vegetation. There was a significant shift in floristic composition with 2 ...
... which 188 species were common. Species diversity did not reduce with diminution and further isolation of the remnant. Species could condense with the limited natural habitats of the remnant with the loss of surrounding natural vegetation. There was a significant shift in floristic composition with 2 ...
PDF - Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
... Insect herbivores in temperate forests rarely show clear patterns of vertical stratification within host plants and, usually, no distinct insect communities can be recognized between host stages or forest strata (e.g. Fowler 1985; Schowalter and Ganio 1998; Le Corff and Marquis 1999). In tropical ra ...
... Insect herbivores in temperate forests rarely show clear patterns of vertical stratification within host plants and, usually, no distinct insect communities can be recognized between host stages or forest strata (e.g. Fowler 1985; Schowalter and Ganio 1998; Le Corff and Marquis 1999). In tropical ra ...
Improving Earth Systems Models through research in the Tropics
... Forests of the Amazon and in tropical systems around the globe cycle more carbon than any other ecosystem on Earth. Tropical forests play a critical role in determining much of the Earth’s energy balance. Furthermore, it is estimated that forests of the tropics are the Earth’s largest carbon sink. H ...
... Forests of the Amazon and in tropical systems around the globe cycle more carbon than any other ecosystem on Earth. Tropical forests play a critical role in determining much of the Earth’s energy balance. Furthermore, it is estimated that forests of the tropics are the Earth’s largest carbon sink. H ...
Tropical Forest Food Chain
... producers of an inferior level are needed. The reason for this is that as you go up in trophic level, energy and efficiency in the caloric yield of usable edible food is lost. Therefore, while an insect may obtain all it needs from a single tree, a lion needs hundreds of acres in order to survive. D ...
... producers of an inferior level are needed. The reason for this is that as you go up in trophic level, energy and efficiency in the caloric yield of usable edible food is lost. Therefore, while an insect may obtain all it needs from a single tree, a lion needs hundreds of acres in order to survive. D ...
Effects of invasive alien kahili ginger (Hedychium gardnerianum) on
... were compared. They included (1) natural plots (N; Fig. 2a), serving as control plots, with no or little impact of alien plants, partly owing to manual removal of alien species by HAVO-members; (2) ginger plots (G; Fig. 2b) with a H. gardnerianumdominated herb layer; and (3) cleared plots (C; Fig. 2 ...
... were compared. They included (1) natural plots (N; Fig. 2a), serving as control plots, with no or little impact of alien plants, partly owing to manual removal of alien species by HAVO-members; (2) ginger plots (G; Fig. 2b) with a H. gardnerianumdominated herb layer; and (3) cleared plots (C; Fig. 2 ...
Anthropogenic impacts on tropical forest biodiversity
... activities such as habitat destruction and fragmentation (land-use change), invasive species and over-exploitation, as well as indirect effects of human activities such as climate change (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005). The relative impacts of these threats vary among the world’s major tropic ...
... activities such as habitat destruction and fragmentation (land-use change), invasive species and over-exploitation, as well as indirect effects of human activities such as climate change (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005). The relative impacts of these threats vary among the world’s major tropic ...
Champlain Valley Clayplain Forest Restoration
... and topography of our plots, we could plan where to plant individual species (see Appendix C for a list of trees and shrubs planted). We focused on three main growth factors: ...
... and topography of our plots, we could plan where to plant individual species (see Appendix C for a list of trees and shrubs planted). We focused on three main growth factors: ...
Influence of Anthropogenic Disturbances on Understory Plant
... native species (McKinney 2002), such as human population density, road density, air and soil pollution, average ambient temperature (‘heat island’ effect), average annual rainfall, soil compaction, soil alkalinity and other indicators of anthropogenic disturbance (Medley et al. 1995; Pickett et al. ...
... native species (McKinney 2002), such as human population density, road density, air and soil pollution, average ambient temperature (‘heat island’ effect), average annual rainfall, soil compaction, soil alkalinity and other indicators of anthropogenic disturbance (Medley et al. 1995; Pickett et al. ...
Patterns of herbivory on Macaranga peltata, a pioneer species in the
... from selective felling to complete clearing interspersed with tea plantations. Generally many light-tolerant species emerge in these patches which have been logged, and are marked by lower canopy height and cover with relatively higher light penetration into the understorey17. We compared difference ...
... from selective felling to complete clearing interspersed with tea plantations. Generally many light-tolerant species emerge in these patches which have been logged, and are marked by lower canopy height and cover with relatively higher light penetration into the understorey17. We compared difference ...
Reforestation and Afforestation (Southeast Asia)
... planting by facilitating the growth of the small, woody seedlings that are typically found even on extremely degraded sites. ANR techniques revolve around working with local communities to protect these seedlings from disturbances, such as animal grazing and fi re, to reduce competition from weeds, ...
... planting by facilitating the growth of the small, woody seedlings that are typically found even on extremely degraded sites. ANR techniques revolve around working with local communities to protect these seedlings from disturbances, such as animal grazing and fi re, to reduce competition from weeds, ...
Chapter 1: Introduction: Birds, Small mammals and
... Birds are one of the most studied taxa, both in the tropics and temperate regions as they are highly diverse and occupy a wide range of habitats. Community ecology studies on birds that discuss the need to address structural features of habitat for better understanding of avian communities (Lack 194 ...
... Birds are one of the most studied taxa, both in the tropics and temperate regions as they are highly diverse and occupy a wide range of habitats. Community ecology studies on birds that discuss the need to address structural features of habitat for better understanding of avian communities (Lack 194 ...
Article - Institute of Forest and Wildlife Research and Development
... In order to reveal the control of tree transpiration by the leaf ecophysiological traits and the hydraulic processes from the soil to leaves, transpiration rates of the tree species in tropical seasonal forests were monitored and modeled using independently measured leaf photosynthetic traits. Stand ...
... In order to reveal the control of tree transpiration by the leaf ecophysiological traits and the hydraulic processes from the soil to leaves, transpiration rates of the tree species in tropical seasonal forests were monitored and modeled using independently measured leaf photosynthetic traits. Stand ...
TerrestrialBiomes
... As a group, mammals are not well adapted because they excrete urea that requires water for excretion, and most use water for temperature regulation. However many mammals managed to adapt to the dry conditions. Kangaroo rats and pocket gophers do not have to drink water and can live on a diet of dry ...
... As a group, mammals are not well adapted because they excrete urea that requires water for excretion, and most use water for temperature regulation. However many mammals managed to adapt to the dry conditions. Kangaroo rats and pocket gophers do not have to drink water and can live on a diet of dry ...
Global patterns of stream detritivore distribution: implications
... linear (Caley & Schluter, 1997), as there may be a limit to the number of species that can be supported at a particular site (saturation), but different species assemblages may be found at different sites, thereby leading to higher regional diversity (e.g. Sale, 1977). Hillebrand (2004) showed that ...
... linear (Caley & Schluter, 1997), as there may be a limit to the number of species that can be supported at a particular site (saturation), but different species assemblages may be found at different sites, thereby leading to higher regional diversity (e.g. Sale, 1977). Hillebrand (2004) showed that ...
Agriculture_Frederickson
... where only this tree grows, and they do it by killing out, killing off all other kinds of vegetation except for the tree in which they live. And these gardens can get to be very, very large. Um, they can be a thousand trees and cover an area, (pause) at least the size of a soccer field or so. So, um ...
... where only this tree grows, and they do it by killing out, killing off all other kinds of vegetation except for the tree in which they live. And these gardens can get to be very, very large. Um, they can be a thousand trees and cover an area, (pause) at least the size of a soccer field or so. So, um ...
Biomes - Grasslands
... but rather short shrubs, cushion plants, roots, stems, bulbs, tubers, and lichen,which cover many rocks of the tundra. The reason plants don't grow tall is to retain water from the ground, and survive the incredibly cold winters. Also, some plants have leathery evergreen leaves coated by waxes that ...
... but rather short shrubs, cushion plants, roots, stems, bulbs, tubers, and lichen,which cover many rocks of the tundra. The reason plants don't grow tall is to retain water from the ground, and survive the incredibly cold winters. Also, some plants have leathery evergreen leaves coated by waxes that ...
Persistence of Forest Birds in the Costa Rican Agricultural Countryside
... Tropical forests worldwide are being reduced to biologically impoverished remnants (Laurance & Bierregaard 1997) embedded in the agricultural countryside (hereafter “countryside”; Daily et al. 2001)—human-dominated and mostly deforested areas consisting of croplands, pasture, gardens, open second gr ...
... Tropical forests worldwide are being reduced to biologically impoverished remnants (Laurance & Bierregaard 1997) embedded in the agricultural countryside (hereafter “countryside”; Daily et al. 2001)—human-dominated and mostly deforested areas consisting of croplands, pasture, gardens, open second gr ...
conducting a forest biodiversity assessment
... these routes can be revisited periodically in order to make repeat observations that will help you track changes over time. It is a good idea to note the course you will follow on a map, so you can repeat it for future assessments. The Forest Biodiversity Assessment should be applied with one stand ...
... these routes can be revisited periodically in order to make repeat observations that will help you track changes over time. It is a good idea to note the course you will follow on a map, so you can repeat it for future assessments. The Forest Biodiversity Assessment should be applied with one stand ...
Upland hardwoods Description
... The winds cull the trees of dead branches which fall to the ground and may pile up into brush piles. These often serve as refuge and nesting are for wildlife. Heavy rains sometimes saturate the Spanish moss that hangs from trees. The added weight of the wet moss may cause branches to break and fall ...
... The winds cull the trees of dead branches which fall to the ground and may pile up into brush piles. These often serve as refuge and nesting are for wildlife. Heavy rains sometimes saturate the Spanish moss that hangs from trees. The added weight of the wet moss may cause branches to break and fall ...
Tropical rainforest
A tropical rainforest is a biome type that occurs roughly within the latitudes 28 degrees north or south of the equator (in the equatorial zone between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn). This ecosystem experiences high average temperatures and a significant amount of rainfall. These rainforests can be found in Asia; Australia; Africa; South America; Central America; the U.S. of Florida and Hawaii; as well as Mexico and on many of the Pacific, Caribbean, and Indian Ocean islands. Within the World Wildlife Fund's biome classification, tropical rainforests are a type of tropical wet forest (or tropical moist broadleaf forest) and may also be referred to as lowland equatorial evergreen rainforest.