Evolution and the latitudinal diversity gradient
... temperate zone do not differ with respect to diversification rate, but richness asymptotes at different levels due to ecological factors (e.g. niche availability). (b) The tropics have a higher diversification rate (speciation rate–extinction rate) than the temperate zone and thus accumulate species ...
... temperate zone do not differ with respect to diversification rate, but richness asymptotes at different levels due to ecological factors (e.g. niche availability). (b) The tropics have a higher diversification rate (speciation rate–extinction rate) than the temperate zone and thus accumulate species ...
High rates of army ant raids in the Neotropics and implications for
... on surface-raiding Eciton. Life-history theory predicts that high rates of predation on insect societies will select for both smaller average colony sizes and indeterminate colony growth, and these traits have been documented for tropical ant litter-nesting ants. Our results suggest that army ant pr ...
... on surface-raiding Eciton. Life-history theory predicts that high rates of predation on insect societies will select for both smaller average colony sizes and indeterminate colony growth, and these traits have been documented for tropical ant litter-nesting ants. Our results suggest that army ant pr ...
The assembly of tropical tree communities the advances and
... ecologically identical, rather it just suggests that they will be more similar to one another than a distantly related species. As I will discuss below this indirect method for estimating the ecological similarity of species has its limitations, but it has been and continues to be widely used as a q ...
... ecologically identical, rather it just suggests that they will be more similar to one another than a distantly related species. As I will discuss below this indirect method for estimating the ecological similarity of species has its limitations, but it has been and continues to be widely used as a q ...
The distance dependence prediction of the Janzen
... The survival-enhancing effects of distance from parent plants have been explored by many researchers. The vast majority of tests have focused on single species, either experimentally examining how seed and seedling mortality rates change with distance from adults or comparing mortality rates between ...
... The survival-enhancing effects of distance from parent plants have been explored by many researchers. The vast majority of tests have focused on single species, either experimentally examining how seed and seedling mortality rates change with distance from adults or comparing mortality rates between ...
in Managed Spruce Forests – a Summary of Finnish Case Studies
... In the study comparing carabid assemblages 5–60 years post-harvest, species richness was highest in 5 and 10 year-old stands (Koivula et al. 2002). The species-rich assemblages of young, open stands are mostly due to the richness of open-habitat species that were associated with stands younger than ...
... In the study comparing carabid assemblages 5–60 years post-harvest, species richness was highest in 5 and 10 year-old stands (Koivula et al. 2002). The species-rich assemblages of young, open stands are mostly due to the richness of open-habitat species that were associated with stands younger than ...
Biome Project - Alexis Bialek Portfolio
... eggs and sometimes not all their eggs survive. Variation- Long body so they could reach for food. Selection- The ones with long beak could not survive because they could not fit the whole fruit in their mouth. Adaptation- So since the short beak one did not survive, the long beak ones were able to s ...
... eggs and sometimes not all their eggs survive. Variation- Long body so they could reach for food. Selection- The ones with long beak could not survive because they could not fit the whole fruit in their mouth. Adaptation- So since the short beak one did not survive, the long beak ones were able to s ...
Human-Induced Trophic Cascades along the Fecal Detritus Pathway
... biomass and diversity, (ii) the negative effects of human impact would be disproportionately strong for the largest sized seeds [27], and that (iii) the biomass of large-bodied beetle species would be most strongly correlated with seed dispersal rates across all seed sizes [36]. To better understand ...
... biomass and diversity, (ii) the negative effects of human impact would be disproportionately strong for the largest sized seeds [27], and that (iii) the biomass of large-bodied beetle species would be most strongly correlated with seed dispersal rates across all seed sizes [36]. To better understand ...
Non-Native Invasive Earthworms as Agents of Change in Northern
... litter into the soil and bring mineral soil from different depths to the surface, resulting in soil mixing that is very different from the mixing caused by epigeic or endogeic species (Figures 1 and 2). Not all species fall neatly into these standard categories, but classification is useful for diff ...
... litter into the soil and bring mineral soil from different depths to the surface, resulting in soil mixing that is very different from the mixing caused by epigeic or endogeic species (Figures 1 and 2). Not all species fall neatly into these standard categories, but classification is useful for diff ...
SPECIAL SECTION Hunting and Plant Community Dynamics in
... & Simonetti 2001, Wright et al. 2007) by hunting. These inconsistent community-level responses suggest that similar inconsistencies are likely to characterize the interspecific interactions that relate hunting and plant responses despite pervasive changes in seedling and sapling species composition. ...
... & Simonetti 2001, Wright et al. 2007) by hunting. These inconsistent community-level responses suggest that similar inconsistencies are likely to characterize the interspecific interactions that relate hunting and plant responses despite pervasive changes in seedling and sapling species composition. ...
Responses of Tropical Bats to Habitat Fragmentation, Logging, and
... major force of tropical forest destruction and degradation, with around 20 % of such forests subjected to some level of timber harvesting (Asner et al. 2009). Loss of habitat as a result of extensive land conversion and associated fragmentation are ubiquitous throughout the tropics. Resulting landsc ...
... major force of tropical forest destruction and degradation, with around 20 % of such forests subjected to some level of timber harvesting (Asner et al. 2009). Loss of habitat as a result of extensive land conversion and associated fragmentation are ubiquitous throughout the tropics. Resulting landsc ...
Title Regeneration Processes and Coexistence Mechanisms of Two
... non-equilibrium hypotheses. The former predicts that floristic composition is stabilized by intrinsic biotic interactions under the given environmental regime of the site. It tends to return, therefore, to original composition, if the species mixture is altered by disturbances (Ashton 1989a, Hubbell ...
... non-equilibrium hypotheses. The former predicts that floristic composition is stabilized by intrinsic biotic interactions under the given environmental regime of the site. It tends to return, therefore, to original composition, if the species mixture is altered by disturbances (Ashton 1989a, Hubbell ...
Untitled - Vermont Fish and Wildlife
... What makes natural communities such a useful ecological concept is that there is a pattern to their distribution. The assemblages of plants, animals, and other organisms found in natural communities repeat wherever certain environmental conditions (soil, water, and climate) are found. Whereas a natu ...
... What makes natural communities such a useful ecological concept is that there is a pattern to their distribution. The assemblages of plants, animals, and other organisms found in natural communities repeat wherever certain environmental conditions (soil, water, and climate) are found. Whereas a natu ...
Ecology - Make Me Genius
... organisms, such as lichens, found in the primary stage of succession and that begin an area's soil-building process Climax community - stable, end stage of ecological succession in which the plants and animals of a community use resources efficiently and balance is maintained by disturbances such ...
... organisms, such as lichens, found in the primary stage of succession and that begin an area's soil-building process Climax community - stable, end stage of ecological succession in which the plants and animals of a community use resources efficiently and balance is maintained by disturbances such ...
Age-related mortality explains life history strategies of tropical and
... from extensive field studies of 20 to 30 coexisting songbird species in each of three locations: north temperate Arizona, USA, and tropical Malaysia and Venezuela. An initial enigma is presented by the slow growth of tropical songbirds. Predation causes the vast majority of mortality for songbird of ...
... from extensive field studies of 20 to 30 coexisting songbird species in each of three locations: north temperate Arizona, USA, and tropical Malaysia and Venezuela. An initial enigma is presented by the slow growth of tropical songbirds. Predation causes the vast majority of mortality for songbird of ...
Document Word - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
... fossils are about 3-6 million years old. These fossil trees have physiological characteristics that make them very hardy, enabling them to withstand both chilling winters and broiling summers, aridity, waterlogging and high salinealkali concentrations. Poplar trees are dioecious (self-propagating) ...
... fossils are about 3-6 million years old. These fossil trees have physiological characteristics that make them very hardy, enabling them to withstand both chilling winters and broiling summers, aridity, waterlogging and high salinealkali concentrations. Poplar trees are dioecious (self-propagating) ...
Composition, Function, and Structure of Old-Growth Douglas
... More data are available on the protective functions of oldgrowth forests-their effects on nutrient and water cycling and on soil erosion-than on any other functional aspect. Old-growth forest systems are highly retentive of nutrients. Large amounts are tied up in both living and dead organic materia ...
... More data are available on the protective functions of oldgrowth forests-their effects on nutrient and water cycling and on soil erosion-than on any other functional aspect. Old-growth forest systems are highly retentive of nutrients. Large amounts are tied up in both living and dead organic materia ...
Bell Miner Associated Dieback Strategy 2004
... Eucalypt dieback, strongly associated with sap feeding insects called psyllids, is also sometimes associated with the native Bell miner or bellbird (Manoria melanophrys) and has become common in some parts of the bird’s range. Bell miners are a natural part of eucalypt ecosystems and normally have m ...
... Eucalypt dieback, strongly associated with sap feeding insects called psyllids, is also sometimes associated with the native Bell miner or bellbird (Manoria melanophrys) and has become common in some parts of the bird’s range. Bell miners are a natural part of eucalypt ecosystems and normally have m ...
Insect population dynamics meets ecosystem ecology: effects of
... 1981), petiole clipping and foliar fragmentation (Risley, 1986), wound-induced increases in foliar phenolics (Findlay et al., 1996), root mortality (Ruess et al., 1998) and community-wide changes in the relative abundance of plant species or genotypes that vary in their litter quality (Pastor et al. ...
... 1981), petiole clipping and foliar fragmentation (Risley, 1986), wound-induced increases in foliar phenolics (Findlay et al., 1996), root mortality (Ruess et al., 1998) and community-wide changes in the relative abundance of plant species or genotypes that vary in their litter quality (Pastor et al. ...
SEAN C - University of Toronto | Faculty of Forestry
... Ontario forest biomass-bioenergy systems”. PI, University of Toronto, 2011-2012. 11. NSERC Research Tools and Instruments. “Dual-beam laser altimetry system for groundbased remote sensing of tree and forest canopy structure”. PI, University of Toronto, 20112012. 12. Ontario Centres for Excellence: “ ...
... Ontario forest biomass-bioenergy systems”. PI, University of Toronto, 2011-2012. 11. NSERC Research Tools and Instruments. “Dual-beam laser altimetry system for groundbased remote sensing of tree and forest canopy structure”. PI, University of Toronto, 20112012. 12. Ontario Centres for Excellence: “ ...
EVOLUTION OF DIVARICATING PLANTS IN NEW ZEALAND IN
... recurved branches bending to wide angles, and branches at wide angles resulting from the death of the original apex (sympodial branching). In some species, zig-zag branching has resulted from the apical dominance of a lateral branch on one side being lost to a lateral branch produced from it on the ...
... recurved branches bending to wide angles, and branches at wide angles resulting from the death of the original apex (sympodial branching). In some species, zig-zag branching has resulted from the apical dominance of a lateral branch on one side being lost to a lateral branch produced from it on the ...
Ecology Review
... • Tropical rain forest - most biologically diverse biome; has an average temperature of 25°C and receives between 200 cm and 600 cm of precipitation each year ...
... • Tropical rain forest - most biologically diverse biome; has an average temperature of 25°C and receives between 200 cm and 600 cm of precipitation each year ...
Ecology Review - Science
... • Tropical rain forest - most biologically diverse biome; has an average temperature of 25°C and receives between 200 cm and 600 cm of precipitation each year ...
... • Tropical rain forest - most biologically diverse biome; has an average temperature of 25°C and receives between 200 cm and 600 cm of precipitation each year ...
Soil-mediated local adaptation alters seedling survival and
... variation within a site and possibly genetic structure across sites. This process may be particularly important in Populus or other clonal species. Both P. angustifolia and P. tremuloides (quaking aspen) are known to form large clones that can occupy several hectares. Local adaptation to soils may f ...
... variation within a site and possibly genetic structure across sites. This process may be particularly important in Populus or other clonal species. Both P. angustifolia and P. tremuloides (quaking aspen) are known to form large clones that can occupy several hectares. Local adaptation to soils may f ...
Forest Ecology in Washington
... trees. Forests contain living, or biotic components, and nonliving, or abiotic components. Besides trees, the living portion of the forest includes herbs, shrubs, other plants, animals, and microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. Nonliving parts of the forest include snags, logs (also known as large ...
... trees. Forests contain living, or biotic components, and nonliving, or abiotic components. Besides trees, the living portion of the forest includes herbs, shrubs, other plants, animals, and microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. Nonliving parts of the forest include snags, logs (also known as large ...
Document
... • Leaves fill a 3-D space. Leaf area index (LAI) measured in m leaf/ m ground (LAI ≈ 3 in closed canopy forests) • Clumping canopy leaves, angled relative to sun, allows light to leaves lower down in canopy. Most GPP at top. • Canopy roughness allows CO2 to mix with free troposphere, reducing diffus ...
... • Leaves fill a 3-D space. Leaf area index (LAI) measured in m leaf/ m ground (LAI ≈ 3 in closed canopy forests) • Clumping canopy leaves, angled relative to sun, allows light to leaves lower down in canopy. Most GPP at top. • Canopy roughness allows CO2 to mix with free troposphere, reducing diffus ...
Tropical rainforest
A tropical rainforest is a biome type that occurs roughly within the latitudes 28 degrees north or south of the equator (in the equatorial zone between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn). This ecosystem experiences high average temperatures and a significant amount of rainfall. These rainforests can be found in Asia; Australia; Africa; South America; Central America; the U.S. of Florida and Hawaii; as well as Mexico and on many of the Pacific, Caribbean, and Indian Ocean islands. Within the World Wildlife Fund's biome classification, tropical rainforests are a type of tropical wet forest (or tropical moist broadleaf forest) and may also be referred to as lowland equatorial evergreen rainforest.