Maximum likelihood methods for detecting adaptive evolution after
... 1999; Bielawski and Yang, 2001). Hence, the apparent period of relaxed selection following gene duplication (e.g., Lynch and Conery, 2000) might also reflect adaptive divergence of duplicate genes at just a subset of amino acid sites. Recent ML models of codon substitution relax the assumption of a ...
... 1999; Bielawski and Yang, 2001). Hence, the apparent period of relaxed selection following gene duplication (e.g., Lynch and Conery, 2000) might also reflect adaptive divergence of duplicate genes at just a subset of amino acid sites. Recent ML models of codon substitution relax the assumption of a ...
Chapter 13 How Populations Evolve suited to its environment. These include
... 13.9 Evolution occurs within populations A gene pool is the total collection of genes in a population at any one time. Microevolution is a change in the relative frequencies of alleles in a gene pool over time. ...
... 13.9 Evolution occurs within populations A gene pool is the total collection of genes in a population at any one time. Microevolution is a change in the relative frequencies of alleles in a gene pool over time. ...
Dynamics of Adaptive Introgression from Archaic to Modern Humans
... and Hubricht 1938). However, because species and subspecies boundaries are often imprecisely known, or fuzzy in nature, naturalists often adopt a more permissive definition that encompasses gene flow between subspecies, races, or varieties in addition to species (Rieseberg and Wendel 1993). An ecolo ...
... and Hubricht 1938). However, because species and subspecies boundaries are often imprecisely known, or fuzzy in nature, naturalists often adopt a more permissive definition that encompasses gene flow between subspecies, races, or varieties in addition to species (Rieseberg and Wendel 1993). An ecolo ...
NEUTRAL THEORY TOPIC 3: Rates and patterns of molecular
... makes a wide variety of predictions, and one or more of these predictions may be tested in any given molecular dataset. Depending on which predictions (if any) are rejected, we gain considerable insight in the underlying process of evolution for the involved molecular data. The following four predic ...
... makes a wide variety of predictions, and one or more of these predictions may be tested in any given molecular dataset. Depending on which predictions (if any) are rejected, we gain considerable insight in the underlying process of evolution for the involved molecular data. The following four predic ...
Part 2 - Microevolution - Campbell Ch. 13
... makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to the contribution of other individuals. The fittest individuals are those that – produce the largest number of viable, fertile offspring and – pass on the most genes to the next generation. ...
... makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to the contribution of other individuals. The fittest individuals are those that – produce the largest number of viable, fertile offspring and – pass on the most genes to the next generation. ...
ppt.
... Part 1: Understanding evolution as an engineering tool. Part 2: Understanding how living systems facilitate evolution. ...
... Part 1: Understanding evolution as an engineering tool. Part 2: Understanding how living systems facilitate evolution. ...
Evolution of Genetic Potential
... swing back and forth between near equilibrium conditions for EA and EB, thereby alternating between genetic robustness for A and a mutation–selection balance around the single allele for B. At intermediate rates of fluctuation, populations hover near g4 and g0, where the genotypes for A abut the geno ...
... swing back and forth between near equilibrium conditions for EA and EB, thereby alternating between genetic robustness for A and a mutation–selection balance around the single allele for B. At intermediate rates of fluctuation, populations hover near g4 and g0, where the genotypes for A abut the geno ...
Autopoiesis and Natural Drift: Genetic information, reproduction, and
... occur to systems already formed and that derive from their properties. Standard evolutionary thinking, where it is considered that reliable reproduction and evolution take place at the genetic level, blurs autonomy out of view, because living organization is made dependent on an "organizing agent" ...
... occur to systems already formed and that derive from their properties. Standard evolutionary thinking, where it is considered that reliable reproduction and evolution take place at the genetic level, blurs autonomy out of view, because living organization is made dependent on an "organizing agent" ...
On the molecular evolutionary clock
... shared crystallographic characteristics and generally did not share them with different genera or families. Substantive early contributions to a macromolecular taxonomy were subsequently made, notably by Boyden (1958), on the basis of immunological cross reactions, an approach dating back to Nuttall ...
... shared crystallographic characteristics and generally did not share them with different genera or families. Substantive early contributions to a macromolecular taxonomy were subsequently made, notably by Boyden (1958), on the basis of immunological cross reactions, an approach dating back to Nuttall ...
Potential rapid evolution of foot morphology in Italian plethodontid
... et al., 1995, 2006; also Manenti, 2014). However, some populations of this species are also known to inhabit caves, where they can be found climbing the walls and ceilings due to the relatively well-developed interdigital webbing on their hands and feet (Lanza et al., 2007; Adams & Nistri, 2010). On ...
... et al., 1995, 2006; also Manenti, 2014). However, some populations of this species are also known to inhabit caves, where they can be found climbing the walls and ceilings due to the relatively well-developed interdigital webbing on their hands and feet (Lanza et al., 2007; Adams & Nistri, 2010). On ...
The Biotic Message. (Walter Remine). (1)
... needs a different code, as long as closely related species would have maximally different genetic codes so that they cannot be derived from each other in a stepwise evolutionary way. For example, if the designer wanted to give the human species a special molecular status beyond the biological status ...
... needs a different code, as long as closely related species would have maximally different genetic codes so that they cannot be derived from each other in a stepwise evolutionary way. For example, if the designer wanted to give the human species a special molecular status beyond the biological status ...
Mutation rate and genome reduction in endosymbiotic and
... large Ne; so genes of incredibly small contribution to fitness (much smaller than any experimental setting could detect) can be maintained by selection in the genome. However an increase in mutation rate, even modest, will change the number of functional genes that can be maintained in the genome (s ...
... large Ne; so genes of incredibly small contribution to fitness (much smaller than any experimental setting could detect) can be maintained by selection in the genome. However an increase in mutation rate, even modest, will change the number of functional genes that can be maintained in the genome (s ...
Adaptation to nocturnality - learning from avian genomes
... to survive and reproduce more effectively. Variation occurs by random drift and unfavorable mutations are eliminated over time, while advantageous ones will finally prevail in the population. Codon-based methods for detecting selective forces are prevalent in comparative genomics. If on one lineage, ...
... to survive and reproduce more effectively. Variation occurs by random drift and unfavorable mutations are eliminated over time, while advantageous ones will finally prevail in the population. Codon-based methods for detecting selective forces are prevalent in comparative genomics. If on one lineage, ...
Evolution on purpose: how behaviour has shaped the evolutionary
... determines the nature of the environment to which it will submit itself and the character of the selective forces with which it will consent to wrestle. This “feedback” or circularity in a relation between an animal and its environment is rather generally neglected in present-day evolutionary theori ...
... determines the nature of the environment to which it will submit itself and the character of the selective forces with which it will consent to wrestle. This “feedback” or circularity in a relation between an animal and its environment is rather generally neglected in present-day evolutionary theori ...
Evolution of sElflEss bEhaviour
... and between-group selection. A group can only turn into an individual when between-group selection is the primary evolutionary force, and this in turn can happen only when mechanisms evolve that suppress selection within groups. The rules of meiosis, for example, ensure that all genes on the chromos ...
... and between-group selection. A group can only turn into an individual when between-group selection is the primary evolutionary force, and this in turn can happen only when mechanisms evolve that suppress selection within groups. The rules of meiosis, for example, ensure that all genes on the chromos ...
Achieving High-Level Functionality through Complexification
... the genes that determine the overall body-plan are confined to more specific roles, since there are more of them. The partitioning is complete when redundant clusters of genes are separated enough that they no longer produce identical proteins. After partitioning, mutations within the duplicated clu ...
... the genes that determine the overall body-plan are confined to more specific roles, since there are more of them. The partitioning is complete when redundant clusters of genes are separated enough that they no longer produce identical proteins. After partitioning, mutations within the duplicated clu ...
biol2007 evolution of genetic diversity
... Most of the time, populations would rarely be under selection, and there would be little standing variation. But, in nature things are very different ... ...
... Most of the time, populations would rarely be under selection, and there would be little standing variation. But, in nature things are very different ... ...
evolution of genetic diversity
... Kevin will discuss mutation: new raw material for evolution. HOWEVER: If alleles always evolved until they become fixed (invariant), or lost... Most of the time, populations would rarely be under selection, and there would be little standing variation. But, in nature things are very different ... TO ...
... Kevin will discuss mutation: new raw material for evolution. HOWEVER: If alleles always evolved until they become fixed (invariant), or lost... Most of the time, populations would rarely be under selection, and there would be little standing variation. But, in nature things are very different ... TO ...
Natural Selection Doesn`t Work That Way
... highest probability of survivability and/or reproductive success, is most likely to increase in frequency in a population. (Of course this story assumes certain conditions about the reproductive scheme, the population number, etc.—the details are well-worked out in any standard textbook on natural s ...
... highest probability of survivability and/or reproductive success, is most likely to increase in frequency in a population. (Of course this story assumes certain conditions about the reproductive scheme, the population number, etc.—the details are well-worked out in any standard textbook on natural s ...
Within- and between-species DNA sequence variation and the
... predominant models of neutral, nearly neutral, and adaptive molecular evolution. Then, a method to identify the role of natural selection in molecular evolution by comparing within- and between-species DNA sequence variation will be presented. Computer simulations show that such methods are powerful ...
... predominant models of neutral, nearly neutral, and adaptive molecular evolution. Then, a method to identify the role of natural selection in molecular evolution by comparing within- and between-species DNA sequence variation will be presented. Computer simulations show that such methods are powerful ...
The Organism-Centered Approach to Cultural Evolution
... competition among the meme for two tines, the meme for three tines, etc. And new kinds of utensils, like the spork, could be understood as a result of a single object being the result of two memes, one for a fork and another for a spoon—a kind of memetic chimera. The second central tenet of meme-cen ...
... competition among the meme for two tines, the meme for three tines, etc. And new kinds of utensils, like the spork, could be understood as a result of a single object being the result of two memes, one for a fork and another for a spoon—a kind of memetic chimera. The second central tenet of meme-cen ...
notes
... December, modern humans appear. By way of comparison, the life span of a human is hardly more than half a second. The time scale on which species appear, change and become extinct is beyond the limits of human experience, or even comprehension. So how can we learn about processes that operate over s ...
... December, modern humans appear. By way of comparison, the life span of a human is hardly more than half a second. The time scale on which species appear, change and become extinct is beyond the limits of human experience, or even comprehension. So how can we learn about processes that operate over s ...
Jeopardy Plants
... $300 Question from Evolution The mechanism for evolution; the process in which organisms with a favorable variation are better suited to their environment and survive and reproduce ...
... $300 Question from Evolution The mechanism for evolution; the process in which organisms with a favorable variation are better suited to their environment and survive and reproduce ...
Positive Natural Selection in the Human Lineage REVIEW
... examples). The advent of whole-genome sequencing and increasingly complete surveys of genetic variation represent a turning point in the study of positive selection in humans. With these advances, humans can now join model organisms such as Drosophila (9) at the forefront of evolutionary studies. Ne ...
... examples). The advent of whole-genome sequencing and increasingly complete surveys of genetic variation represent a turning point in the study of positive selection in humans. With these advances, humans can now join model organisms such as Drosophila (9) at the forefront of evolutionary studies. Ne ...