reading guide
... in both vertebrates and invertebrates, and it is released by the neurons that synapse with muscle cells at the neuromuscular junction. If you look ahead to Chapter 50, Figure 50.29, you will see a synapse between a neuron and a muscle cell, resulting in depolarization of the muscle cell and its cont ...
... in both vertebrates and invertebrates, and it is released by the neurons that synapse with muscle cells at the neuromuscular junction. If you look ahead to Chapter 50, Figure 50.29, you will see a synapse between a neuron and a muscle cell, resulting in depolarization of the muscle cell and its cont ...
Cells
... The shape of a cell is related to its function. Where do you see this idea in sport? Why are the players in a rugby team often different shapes and sizes? The players in a rugby team are different shapes and sizes because each player does a different job for the team. Like rugby players, cells are d ...
... The shape of a cell is related to its function. Where do you see this idea in sport? Why are the players in a rugby team often different shapes and sizes? The players in a rugby team are different shapes and sizes because each player does a different job for the team. Like rugby players, cells are d ...
File
... channels (ion channels that are next to one another) will be activated by the channel before it. So, only one action potential is required for all of the ion channels to ...
... channels (ion channels that are next to one another) will be activated by the channel before it. So, only one action potential is required for all of the ion channels to ...
2. The Respiratory System
... Gas exchange can now take place more quickly meaning exercise can be maintained at a higher intensity for longer. 15 of 28 ...
... Gas exchange can now take place more quickly meaning exercise can be maintained at a higher intensity for longer. 15 of 28 ...
Nerve
... junctional means action from that neuron potential neurons transmission postsynaptic the sum may may of diverge converge activities neurons by its on of may singleand axon reverberate several postsynaptic neurons its to collaterals the working presynaptic neuron. into together several neuron(s). is ...
... junctional means action from that neuron potential neurons transmission postsynaptic the sum may may of diverge converge activities neurons by its on of may singleand axon reverberate several postsynaptic neurons its to collaterals the working presynaptic neuron. into together several neuron(s). is ...
Diffusion
... pass from the mother to the fetus by diffusion, and waste substances to diffuse from the fetus back to the mother. The placenta can filter out certain molecules and bacteria, but is unable to stop many harmful substances such as alcohol, chemicals and some types of virus from reaching the fetus. ...
... pass from the mother to the fetus by diffusion, and waste substances to diffuse from the fetus back to the mother. The placenta can filter out certain molecules and bacteria, but is unable to stop many harmful substances such as alcohol, chemicals and some types of virus from reaching the fetus. ...
12-1 Chapter 12 Lecture Outline See PowerPoint Image Slides for
... • Neuromodulators modify transmission – raise or lower number of receptors – alter neurotransmitter release, synthesis or ...
... • Neuromodulators modify transmission – raise or lower number of receptors – alter neurotransmitter release, synthesis or ...
Chapter 12
... • Neuromodulators modify transmission – raise or lower number of receptors – alter neurotransmitter release, synthesis or ...
... • Neuromodulators modify transmission – raise or lower number of receptors – alter neurotransmitter release, synthesis or ...
No Slide Title
... • Neuromodulators modify transmission – raise or lower number of receptors – alter neurotransmitter release, synthesis or ...
... • Neuromodulators modify transmission – raise or lower number of receptors – alter neurotransmitter release, synthesis or ...
Neuroscience Journal Club
... • The trace (persistence or repetition of a reverberatory activity) tends to induce lasting cellular changes that adds to its stability and that can be retrieved several years later through an electrical current, without loosing any detail ...
... • The trace (persistence or repetition of a reverberatory activity) tends to induce lasting cellular changes that adds to its stability and that can be retrieved several years later through an electrical current, without loosing any detail ...
Neurons and Neurotransmitters
... molecule is internalized in the neuron and the impulse continues. ...
... molecule is internalized in the neuron and the impulse continues. ...
File
... Synapses serve to connect neurons, enabling neurons to communicate by passing signals between them. Neurons control these functions by passing signals across the synapse from one neuron to the next. These signals dictate whether the receiving neuron is activated. The summaries of the diagrams should ...
... Synapses serve to connect neurons, enabling neurons to communicate by passing signals between them. Neurons control these functions by passing signals across the synapse from one neuron to the next. These signals dictate whether the receiving neuron is activated. The summaries of the diagrams should ...
Biosc_48_Chapter_7_part_2_lecture
... Neural pathways Divergence of neural pathways: Axons have collateral branches, so one presynaptic neuron can form synapses with several postsynaptic neurons. Convergence of neural pathways: Several different presynaptic neurons (up to a thousand) can synapse on one postsynaptic neuron. ...
... Neural pathways Divergence of neural pathways: Axons have collateral branches, so one presynaptic neuron can form synapses with several postsynaptic neurons. Convergence of neural pathways: Several different presynaptic neurons (up to a thousand) can synapse on one postsynaptic neuron. ...
presentation source
... • The Hodgkin Cycle is triggered at one Node after another. This amplifies the signal. • The signal travels passively as an electrical current between Nodes. • The thick myelin insulation of the Internode allows the local circuit current to spread much further and faster than in un-myelinated fibres ...
... • The Hodgkin Cycle is triggered at one Node after another. This amplifies the signal. • The signal travels passively as an electrical current between Nodes. • The thick myelin insulation of the Internode allows the local circuit current to spread much further and faster than in un-myelinated fibres ...
Biochemistry of Nerve Transmission - I-GaP
... decarboxylation of tryptophan (see Specialized Products of Amino Acids). The greatest concentration of 5HT (90%) is found in the enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Most of the remainder of the body's 5HT is found in platelets and the CNS. The effects of 5HT are felt most prominent ...
... decarboxylation of tryptophan (see Specialized Products of Amino Acids). The greatest concentration of 5HT (90%) is found in the enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Most of the remainder of the body's 5HT is found in platelets and the CNS. The effects of 5HT are felt most prominent ...
Non- directed synapses
... → Ca2+ influx → release of transmitter (inhibitory) →binding to the receptors →Cl-, K+ permeability increase → Cl- influx, K+ efflux → IPSPs → reduces the probability of producing excitation ...
... → Ca2+ influx → release of transmitter (inhibitory) →binding to the receptors →Cl-, K+ permeability increase → Cl- influx, K+ efflux → IPSPs → reduces the probability of producing excitation ...
Lecture Outline ()
... – temporal summation occurs when single synapse receives many EPSPs in a short period of time – spatial summation occurs when single synapse receives many EPSPs from many presynaptic cells ...
... – temporal summation occurs when single synapse receives many EPSPs in a short period of time – spatial summation occurs when single synapse receives many EPSPs from many presynaptic cells ...
Chapter Outline
... Neuronal Circuits • Reverberating circuits – neurons stimulate each other in linear sequence but one cell restimulates the first cell to start the process all over ...
... Neuronal Circuits • Reverberating circuits – neurons stimulate each other in linear sequence but one cell restimulates the first cell to start the process all over ...
HPA Axis Activation and Hippocampal Atrophy
... hippocampal pyramidal neurons was first noticed in aging rats. Adrenalectomy performed on middle-aged rat can halt this process, while administration of glucocorticoid for 12 weeks resulted in neuronal loss in hippocampal formation. Chronic social stress can also decrease the amount of hippocampal n ...
... hippocampal pyramidal neurons was first noticed in aging rats. Adrenalectomy performed on middle-aged rat can halt this process, while administration of glucocorticoid for 12 weeks resulted in neuronal loss in hippocampal formation. Chronic social stress can also decrease the amount of hippocampal n ...
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
... A segment of pyramidal cell dendrite from stratum radiatum (CA1) with thin, stubby, and mushroom-shaped spines from rat hippocampus. Found at Synapse Web http://synapses.clm.utexas.edu/anatomy/compare/compare.st m ...
... A segment of pyramidal cell dendrite from stratum radiatum (CA1) with thin, stubby, and mushroom-shaped spines from rat hippocampus. Found at Synapse Web http://synapses.clm.utexas.edu/anatomy/compare/compare.st m ...
The role of synaptic ion channels in synaptic
... depending on their subunit composition, they can also be permeable to calcium (Gouaux, 2004). NMDA receptors are tetrameric non-selective cation channels that, in addition to ligand gating, show voltage dependence (Dingledine et al, 1999). NMDA receptor opening requires both glutamate binding and th ...
... depending on their subunit composition, they can also be permeable to calcium (Gouaux, 2004). NMDA receptors are tetrameric non-selective cation channels that, in addition to ligand gating, show voltage dependence (Dingledine et al, 1999). NMDA receptor opening requires both glutamate binding and th ...
here - STAO
... effect. Cocaine and amphetamines are similar in structure to norepinephrine, and therefore have similar effects. Caffeine is also a stimulant, but its actions are a little different from the previous two examples. Instead of exciting neurons, it inhibits inhibitory neurons. This causes the same end ...
... effect. Cocaine and amphetamines are similar in structure to norepinephrine, and therefore have similar effects. Caffeine is also a stimulant, but its actions are a little different from the previous two examples. Instead of exciting neurons, it inhibits inhibitory neurons. This causes the same end ...
Unit 3-2 Nervous System Pt 2 Notes File
... multiple graded potentials add up to reach threshold •A single EPSP cannot induce an action potential •EPSPs must summate temporally or spatially to induce an action potential •Temporal summation – presynaptic neurons transmit impulses in rapid-fire order •Spatial summation – postsynaptic neuron is ...
... multiple graded potentials add up to reach threshold •A single EPSP cannot induce an action potential •EPSPs must summate temporally or spatially to induce an action potential •Temporal summation – presynaptic neurons transmit impulses in rapid-fire order •Spatial summation – postsynaptic neuron is ...