RetireView - Principal Financial
... Retirement plan participants are a lot of things (think of a wide range of professions here), but only a relative few are investment professionals. And participants want to focus on what they do, but let someone else handle the details of investing for retirement. And they’re upfront about that.1 P ...
... Retirement plan participants are a lot of things (think of a wide range of professions here), but only a relative few are investment professionals. And participants want to focus on what they do, but let someone else handle the details of investing for retirement. And they’re upfront about that.1 P ...
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... The capacity-saving growth function (4), indicated as gs, is an increasing function of u. This is so because a higher u increases the amount of profits extracted by any given level of K, raising the actual r and the capacity-saving supply. In drawing the picture we supposed that at the intersection ...
... The capacity-saving growth function (4), indicated as gs, is an increasing function of u. This is so because a higher u increases the amount of profits extracted by any given level of K, raising the actual r and the capacity-saving supply. In drawing the picture we supposed that at the intersection ...
Was ECB`s monetary policy optimal? - Fritz Breuss
... Nevertheless, this paper asks whether monetary policy could not have been improved. In the last three years, Euroland was confronted with the first external shock. Oil prices increased considerably, leading to an increase of headline inflation of over one percentage point in 2000/2001. With a specif ...
... Nevertheless, this paper asks whether monetary policy could not have been improved. In the last three years, Euroland was confronted with the first external shock. Oil prices increased considerably, leading to an increase of headline inflation of over one percentage point in 2000/2001. With a specif ...
working group flash
... Timeliness : pre-defined or ad hoc? Reliability – accuracy: how to measure it? Coverage: minimum thresholds? What are the trade-offs between quality requirements? ...
... Timeliness : pre-defined or ad hoc? Reliability – accuracy: how to measure it? Coverage: minimum thresholds? What are the trade-offs between quality requirements? ...
The Influence of IMF Programs on the Re
... is influenced by loans. Incompetent officials can not get loans from the market, however. After (negative) shocks, therefore, they try to negotiate an IMF arrangement as long as the increase in utility due to an improvement in economic performance outweighs a potentially negative direct effect of th ...
... is influenced by loans. Incompetent officials can not get loans from the market, however. After (negative) shocks, therefore, they try to negotiate an IMF arrangement as long as the increase in utility due to an improvement in economic performance outweighs a potentially negative direct effect of th ...
How to close the European investment gap?
... investment funds. They intend to channel this capital into projects with long-term benefits for Europe, primarily infrastructure and energy. The major drawbacks are: The size of the investment falls short of the gap defined as the difference between pre- and post-crisis levels of investment. It ...
... investment funds. They intend to channel this capital into projects with long-term benefits for Europe, primarily infrastructure and energy. The major drawbacks are: The size of the investment falls short of the gap defined as the difference between pre- and post-crisis levels of investment. It ...
Idle Youth in Latin America
... period 1990-2009, both the share and number of idle youth declined at a faster pace, resulting in a reduction from 11 to 9.4 million during these years. 10 The central result that emerges from the picture is that idle youth have been a persistent phenomenon in absolute and relative terms for the la ...
... period 1990-2009, both the share and number of idle youth declined at a faster pace, resulting in a reduction from 11 to 9.4 million during these years. 10 The central result that emerges from the picture is that idle youth have been a persistent phenomenon in absolute and relative terms for the la ...
Changing Impact of Fiscal Policy on Selected ASEAN Countries
... government spending reduces the lifetime income of households as a result of higher future tax liability. Responding to this, households reduce consumption and work more, raising labor supply and output that partially offsets the reduction in consumption. Although, the fiscal spending multiplier is ...
... government spending reduces the lifetime income of households as a result of higher future tax liability. Responding to this, households reduce consumption and work more, raising labor supply and output that partially offsets the reduction in consumption. Although, the fiscal spending multiplier is ...
http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/seminarpapers/pes02032016.pdf
... Our results strongly suggest spatial misallocation from state taxes. Keeping government spending constant through a system of cross-state transfers, eliminating tax dispersion would increase worker welfare by 0.2% (relative to a 4% share of state taxes in GDP). Accounting for the progressivity of st ...
... Our results strongly suggest spatial misallocation from state taxes. Keeping government spending constant through a system of cross-state transfers, eliminating tax dispersion would increase worker welfare by 0.2% (relative to a 4% share of state taxes in GDP). Accounting for the progressivity of st ...
Employer Securities in Qualified Plans
... trustee would be entitled to indemnification if it admitted as part of the settlement to a breach of its fiduciary duties under ERISA, and (2) the indemnification clause did not specify how the trustee would reimburse the company for advance legal costs if a court ultimately determined that the trus ...
... trustee would be entitled to indemnification if it admitted as part of the settlement to a breach of its fiduciary duties under ERISA, and (2) the indemnification clause did not specify how the trustee would reimburse the company for advance legal costs if a court ultimately determined that the trus ...
Reducing the Budget Deficit: The President’s Fiscal Commission and Other Initiatives
... are expected to fall towards the middle part of the decade as the economic recovery continues. Looking beyond this decade, however, the country’s fiscal outlook becomes more bleak as spending on programs like Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid, and net interest are projected to consume a larger ...
... are expected to fall towards the middle part of the decade as the economic recovery continues. Looking beyond this decade, however, the country’s fiscal outlook becomes more bleak as spending on programs like Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid, and net interest are projected to consume a larger ...
Framework for Economic and Social Reforms
... Other indicators of human development are also low relative to other countries in Southeast Asia – life expectancy for example is only 62.7 years and the mean years of schooling for adults is only 4. Myanmar has made some progress towards achieving its Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (see Box 1) ...
... Other indicators of human development are also low relative to other countries in Southeast Asia – life expectancy for example is only 62.7 years and the mean years of schooling for adults is only 4. Myanmar has made some progress towards achieving its Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (see Box 1) ...
Chapter 12 Unemployment and Inflation
... (b) if efficiency wages prevail, and workers are paid their real wages, already employed workers will reduce their effort, reducing output. (c) it ignores the fact that leisure increases during a recession. (d) it ignores the loss of government revenue and additional government expenditures that occ ...
... (b) if efficiency wages prevail, and workers are paid their real wages, already employed workers will reduce their effort, reducing output. (c) it ignores the fact that leisure increases during a recession. (d) it ignores the loss of government revenue and additional government expenditures that occ ...
On the Causes of the Increased Stability of the U.S. Economy
... To demonstrate more clearly how the volatility of these macroeconomic aggregates has evolved over time, we compute point estimates for the standard deviation of various measures of nominal and real activity over three subsamples within our larger sample period 1953:2 to 2000:2. The first is 1953:2 t ...
... To demonstrate more clearly how the volatility of these macroeconomic aggregates has evolved over time, we compute point estimates for the standard deviation of various measures of nominal and real activity over three subsamples within our larger sample period 1953:2 to 2000:2. The first is 1953:2 t ...
21. Accounting for social investments
... investment is recognised either as a programme related investment or as a mixed motive (mixed purpose) investment. FRS 102 does not deal with accounting for social investments and therefore this module explains how social investments must be measured and disclosed when accounts are prepared using th ...
... investment is recognised either as a programme related investment or as a mixed motive (mixed purpose) investment. FRS 102 does not deal with accounting for social investments and therefore this module explains how social investments must be measured and disclosed when accounts are prepared using th ...
Equilibrium Exchange Rates: a Guidebook for the Euro
... theory - two extreme approaches to equilibrium exchange rates can be derived: the short-term, market view, which states that, with free capital mobility, the observed exchange rate is a market equilibrium that summarizes all available information, including long-run sustainability issues; and the ve ...
... theory - two extreme approaches to equilibrium exchange rates can be derived: the short-term, market view, which states that, with free capital mobility, the observed exchange rate is a market equilibrium that summarizes all available information, including long-run sustainability issues; and the ve ...
Chapter 14
... Aggregate demand is the relationship between the quantity of real GDP demanded and the price level when all other influences on expenditure plans remain the same. Other things remaining the same, • When the price level rises, the quantity of real GDP demanded decreases. • When the price level falls, ...
... Aggregate demand is the relationship between the quantity of real GDP demanded and the price level when all other influences on expenditure plans remain the same. Other things remaining the same, • When the price level rises, the quantity of real GDP demanded decreases. • When the price level falls, ...
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... considered as largely debt-financed. Demographic factors will increase the debt-finance portion even more. Nearly 20 percent of the working-age population is receiving some kind of pension benefit, while the number of active contributors per beneficiary (the support ratio) has declined dramatically ...
... considered as largely debt-financed. Demographic factors will increase the debt-finance portion even more. Nearly 20 percent of the working-age population is receiving some kind of pension benefit, while the number of active contributors per beneficiary (the support ratio) has declined dramatically ...
Exhibit 11 Keynesian aggregate expenditures model
... a. household consumption, business investment, government spending for goods and services, and net exports b. household consumption, business investment, government transfer payments, and net exports c. household consumption, business investment, government spending for goods and services, and expor ...
... a. household consumption, business investment, government spending for goods and services, and net exports b. household consumption, business investment, government transfer payments, and net exports c. household consumption, business investment, government spending for goods and services, and expor ...
How do fiscal shocks affect the macroeconomic
... underpinnings: neoclassical models state that private consumption should fall following a positive shock to government consumption via the so-called crowding out effect, while models with (neo-)Keynesian features find the opposite (see e.g. Woodford, 2010). Fiscal policy represents the only policy i ...
... underpinnings: neoclassical models state that private consumption should fall following a positive shock to government consumption via the so-called crowding out effect, while models with (neo-)Keynesian features find the opposite (see e.g. Woodford, 2010). Fiscal policy represents the only policy i ...
Government Spending Effects in Low-income Countries
... increased government external borrowing reduces the benefits of external borrowing by the private sector. Since households can adjust their portfolio with relatively low costs—a rather open capital account—they can counteract an increase in external public debt by de-leveraging their foreign borrowi ...
... increased government external borrowing reduces the benefits of external borrowing by the private sector. Since households can adjust their portfolio with relatively low costs—a rather open capital account—they can counteract an increase in external public debt by de-leveraging their foreign borrowi ...
1. Driving factors of male employment in African countries
... was more pronounced in North Africa. Women in North Africa faced an employment rate of only 19.6% (compared to the global average of 47.9%), the second lowest of all regions and subregions in the world – and against a figure of 68% for the men in the subregion during the same year. What factors are ...
... was more pronounced in North Africa. Women in North Africa faced an employment rate of only 19.6% (compared to the global average of 47.9%), the second lowest of all regions and subregions in the world – and against a figure of 68% for the men in the subregion during the same year. What factors are ...
Fiscal Policy in a Depressed Economy
... amortization equation incorporating a trend growth rate g such that expression 7 holds, fiscal expansion now improves the government’s budget balance later.6 In this case, arguments that a depressed economy cannot afford fiscal expansion now because the government dare not raise its debt have little ...
... amortization equation incorporating a trend growth rate g such that expression 7 holds, fiscal expansion now improves the government’s budget balance later.6 In this case, arguments that a depressed economy cannot afford fiscal expansion now because the government dare not raise its debt have little ...
Bade_Parkin_Macro_Lecture_CH14
... Aggregate demand is the relationship between the quantity of real GDP demanded and the price level when all other influences on expenditure plans remain the same. Other things remaining the same, • When the price level rises, the quantity of real GDP demanded decreases. • When the price level falls, ...
... Aggregate demand is the relationship between the quantity of real GDP demanded and the price level when all other influences on expenditure plans remain the same. Other things remaining the same, • When the price level rises, the quantity of real GDP demanded decreases. • When the price level falls, ...