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Keynesian Macroeconomics without the LM Curve
Keynesian Macroeconomics without the LM Curve

... interest rate rule; that is, it acts to make the real interest rate behave in a certain way as a function of macroeconomic variables such as inflation and output. This assumption is a vastly better description of how central banks behave than the assumption that they follow a money supply rule. Cent ...
Fertility determinants and economic uncertainty: an assessment
Fertility determinants and economic uncertainty: an assessment

... low, further reductions in it are likely to reduce fertility and survival-enhancing expenditures on children. Sah (1991) finds that when parents have a target fertility level and are sufficiently risk averse, then better survival opportunities for their children tend to reduce fertility. Furthermor ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FINANCIAL CRISES AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY Stephen G. Cecchetti
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... Higher funding costs raise the threshold rate of return, driving down investment. And higher market rates, if they increase servicing costs on existing debt, could drain funds for new investment as well. This is a likely outcome in a number of countries, as a sizable proportion of corporate borrowin ...
On the Predictive Power of Interest Rates and Internet Rate Spreads
On the Predictive Power of Interest Rates and Internet Rate Spreads

... conomists have long understood that financial market variables contain considerable information about the future of the economy. Stock prices, in particular, have always been a popular leading indicator. Recently, though, a number of researchers have pointed out that interest rates and interest rate ...
Adjusting to Capital Account Liberalization
Adjusting to Capital Account Liberalization

... The way the economy adjusts to capital account liberalization depends upon the relative strength of wage suppression versus interest rate suppression. If the wagesuppression e¤ect dominates the interest rate suppression, then even unproductive entrepreneurs may enjoy a higher rate of return on prod ...
EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 22.2.2017 SWD(2017) 78 final
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... risks. A number of recent fiscal measures as well as delays in the implementation of key structural reforms (e.g. on the public administration and public sector wages), are expected to lead to a deterioration of the structural balance and risk reducing the scope for growth-enhancing public investmen ...
Inflation Cycles
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... In the long run, inflation occurs if the quantity of money grows faster than potential GDP. In the short run, many factors can start an inflation, and real GDP and the price level interact. To study these interactions, we distinguish two sources of inflation: ...
Inflation Cycles - Pearson Higher Education
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... Consider a two-period, life-cycle model in which agents born in year s have utility Us defined over consumption when young, cys, consumption when old, cos+1 , leisure when young, lys, and leisure when old, los+1 . ...
Armenia Development Strategy for 2014-2025
Armenia Development Strategy for 2014-2025

... Table 29. Main target indicators of poverty reduction ................................................................................... 90 Table 30.  The indicators of financing of the social protection system during 2010‐2014 ............................. 91 Table 31. Main target indicators for  ...
italian insurance in figures
italian insurance in figures

... The decrease in written premiums relative to Class I traditional policies (77.9 billion) was equal to -5.7% while Class III policies (linked) had a 45.8% increase (for a business volume of 31.8 billion). Class V policies (capitalization) collected 3.5 billion of premiums, decreasing by 24.1%. Domest ...
GAAP - Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction
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... the district’s general revenues. Program-specific grants and contributions include revenues arising from mandatory and voluntary non-exchange transactions with federal, state governments, organizations, or individuals that are restricted for use in a particular program. General revenues are revenues ...
Monetary Policy Transparency and Private Sector Forecasts
Monetary Policy Transparency and Private Sector Forecasts

... The view that policy transparency may increase the predictability of monetary policy has found considerable empirical support. A number of recent studies used information from federal funds futures, Treasury bills, and Eurodollar futures markets to show that financial markets in recent years have be ...
Factors behind Japan`s sluggish capital investment growth
Factors behind Japan`s sluggish capital investment growth

... scheduled in 2016, R&D investment will be included in capital investment. 1 Furthermore, note that “overseas investment, M&A, acquisition of used products, 2 etc.” (part [3] of Chart 2) are recognized in practice as investments by companies, even though they do not fall within the concept of capital ...
Project and Investment Appraisal for Sustainable Value
Project and Investment Appraisal for Sustainable Value

... IFAC’s International Good Practice Guidance (IGPG) covers management accounting and financial management, as well as broader topics in which professional accountants in business, sometimes in conjunction with professionals from other disciplines, are likely to engage. By setting out principles for e ...
RFP, 403(b)/457(k) RETIREMENT PLAN CONSULTING AND
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... e. Should the Plan revise its current model portfolios? Should the Plan look to include other “one stop” investment solutions for participants such as target date funds, risk targeted funds, managed accounts (either in the alternative or in addition to the model portfolios)? And if so, assistance wi ...
TRADING RULE PROFITS AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET
TRADING RULE PROFITS AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET

... regarding when to buy or sell the asset (foreign currency in this context). Even though these trading rules are considered by many academics as atheoretical techniques that will not work in practice, the literature has documented particular trading rules generating substantial excess returns in the ...
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NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE CAUSES OF JAPAN’S ‘LOST DECADE’:

... investment) were all negative during the 1991-2003 period even though they were all positive and inventory investment and private fixed investment ranked first and second, respectively, during the 1980-91 period. Turning next to a comparison of the contribution to real GDP growth of each component o ...
CH_14_13th
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Modern Macroeconomics and Monetary Policy
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DEVELOPMENT ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL Vol. 10, No. 1, June ...

... opinions are still divided about the appropriateness of the response of the four worst-affected countries. Three of the four, Indonesia, the Republic of Korea and Thailand, opted for IMF-led bailout packages with their attendant conditionalities; Malaysia alone opted to deal with the crisis with its ...
An Assessment of the Macroeconomic Forecasts for the Maltese
An Assessment of the Macroeconomic Forecasts for the Maltese

... This report evaluates the macroeconomic forecasts prepared by the Ministry for Finance for publication in the Draft Budget Plan 2017. To this effect, the macroeconomic forecasts for the years 2016 and 2017, together with the main external and internal assumptions which underpin the forecast estimate ...
National Saving and International ~ves~ment Norman S. Fieleke*
National Saving and International ~ves~ment Norman S. Fieleke*

... This remarkable conclusion has significant implications for policy. First, policies to stimulate national saving may have more domestic appeal if it is likely that any increased saving will be invested at home; other things equal, a nation receives a higher return on its saving invested at home than ...
Risk and Rates of Return
Risk and Rates of Return

... … the riskiness of a portfolio of securities, p, in general is not a weighted average of the standard deviations of the individual securities in the portfolio … the correlation coefficient, r, is a measure of the degree of co-movement between two variables; in this case, the variable is the rate of ...
Entrepreneurship and enforcement institutions
Entrepreneurship and enforcement institutions

... With the aim of measuring business demography in Spain we use information on the number of firms, entries and exits by province and year over the period 2001-2009. These data come from the DIRCE database (Directorio Central de Empresas) constructed by the Spanish National Statistics Institute (INE) ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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