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Lecture Outline
Lecture Outline

... † An increase in government purchases shifts the aggregate-demand curve to the right, while a decrease in government purchases shifts the aggregate-demand curve to the left. † There are two macroeconomic effects that cause the size of the shift in the aggregate-demand curve to be different from the ...
Financial shocks and macroeconomic policies during the Argentine
Financial shocks and macroeconomic policies during the Argentine

... abandoned its exchange rate peg while Argentina and Uruguay opted for maintaining their stabilisation plans. A long lasting recession started in Argentina and Uruguay, that nally led to an important economic crisis and to problems with the management of public debt. In a companion paper, Mourelle ( ...
ch19, lecture
ch19, lecture

... correct itself. The multiplier effect would restore an economy to full employment if a. government would follow a “least government is the best government” policy. b. government taxes were increased. c. government spending were increased. d. government spending were decreased. C. Keynes’ prescriptio ...
application of the countercyclical capital buffer in lithuania
application of the countercyclical capital buffer in lithuania

... In Lithuania, the CCB is to be increased if credit growth becomes unsustainable, in order to build up a sufficient capital buffer for covering potential bank losses during a crisis period, thereby reducing pro-cyclicality in credit supply and strengthening the financial system’s resilience. The CCB ...
Unemployment
Unemployment

... The Churning Economy Some of the change in the churning economy comes from the transitions that people make through the stages of life: From being in school to finding a job, to working, perhaps to becoming unhappy with a job and looking for a new one, and finally, to retiring from full-time work. I ...
Accounting for Receivables
Accounting for Receivables

... Occasionally, a company collects from a customer after the account has been written off as uncollectible. The entry made in writing off the account is reversed to reinstate the customer’s account. The collection is journalized in the usual manner. Two bases are used to determine the amount of the ex ...
Digression: The European Debt Crisis
Digression: The European Debt Crisis

... Prof. Dr. Rainer Maure ...
University of Lethbridge — Department of Economics
University of Lethbridge — Department of Economics

... A) sells government bonds, decreasing bank reserves, increasing lending, increasing the overnight rate. B) sells government bonds, decreasing bank reserves, decreasing lending, decreasing the overnight rate. C) buys government bonds, increasing bank reserves, increasing lending, decreasing the overn ...
Managing Interest Rate Risk: Duration GAP and Economic
Managing Interest Rate Risk: Duration GAP and Economic

... GAP examines various “time buckets” while Duration GAP represents the entire balance sheet. ...
PDF
PDF

... Real GDP growth rate is one of the most commonly variable used as explanatory variable to measure its effect on domestic private investment. Some literatures such as Fielding (1997), Serven and Solimano (1992) and Greene and Villanueva (1991) explained that private investment is positively related w ...
Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2) Registration Statement No. 333
Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2) Registration Statement No. 333

... Payments on the notes are subject to our credit risk, and actual or perceived changes in our creditworthiness are expected to affect the value of the notes. The notes are our senior unsecured debt securities. As a result, your receipt of all payments of interest and principal on the notes is depende ...
The Only Spending Rule Article You Will Ever Need
The Only Spending Rule Article You Will Ever Need

... for perpetual endowments, such as universities and foundations, is related but different and is covered by its own literature.6 If protecting consumption over a fixed horizon is what matters, then a level-payment real annuity, with payments extending over the relevant time horizon, is the financial ...
1. Business cycles are: A) regular and predictable. B) irregular but
1. Business cycles are: A) regular and predictable. B) irregular but

... D) price level. 9. If the short‐run aggregate supply curve is horizontal, then changes in aggregate demand affect: A) level of output but not prices. B) prices but not level of output. C) both prices and level of output. D) neither prices nor level of output. 10. If the short‐run aggregate supply cu ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE "AUSTERITY MYTH": GAIN WITHOUT PAIN? Roberto Perotti
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE "AUSTERITY MYTH": GAIN WITHOUT PAIN? Roberto Perotti

... though  most  countries  have  not  fully  recovered  yet;  if  done  properly  –  namely,  by  reducing  spending  rather  than  by  increasing  taxes  –  budget  consolidations  are  not  harmful,  and  might  indeed  result  in  a  boost to GDP. This is one interpretation of Alesina and Perotti ( ...
Sequencing riSk a key challenge to creating SuStainaBle
Sequencing riSk a key challenge to creating SuStainaBle

... the realised sequence of those returns. Australia’s retirement saving system, known as superannuation, is dominated by defined contribution (DC) plans. A recent study by Towers Watson (2011) reported that in 2010, around 80 per cent of all pension assets in Australia were held by DC plans (compared ...
File
File

... Each year, the federal government increases Social Security payments to the elderly by the rate of increase of prices as measured by the Consumer Price Index. The reason for this adjustment is to make sure that the elderly, whose other income tends to be fixed, do not suffer from cost-of-living incr ...
If GT =0, Debt/GDP increases if the r > growth rate of GDP
If GT =0, Debt/GDP increases if the r > growth rate of GDP

... thereby private investment, aggregate demand and output. 9.1.2B. The small open economy with its own currency. The interest rate is fixed but the exchange rate is flexible. Main lesson: Fiscal policy is less effective in a small open economy. Increased government spending or lower net taxes increase ...
一、選擇題︰一題1 分
一、選擇題︰一題1 分

... (C)an increases in output. (D)a reduction in output. 28.Which of the following will occur if there is a reduction in consumer confidence? (A)The LM curve will shift up. (B)The IS curve will shift rightward. (C)The IS curve will shift leftward.(D)The LM curve will shift down. 29.Suppose fiscal policy ...
Rethinking Reforms -How Latin America and the Caribbean Can
Rethinking Reforms -How Latin America and the Caribbean Can

... advances, including financial reforms that have rendered the region more resilient, there is considerable space for further action. Moreover, estimates of how increasing productivity by reducing resource misallocation can impact growth are significant indeed. Over a 10-year period, as a result of hi ...
Principles of Macroeconomics Self-study quiz and Exercises with
Principles of Macroeconomics Self-study quiz and Exercises with

Public Debt and Post-Crisis Fiscal Policy in South Africa
Public Debt and Post-Crisis Fiscal Policy in South Africa

... on South Africa’s economy and fiscus. Financial contagion, the drop in world commodity prices, and the severe recession in South Africa’s traditional trading partners served to turn GDP growth negative, cause massive job losses, and put increasing strain on public finances. This story is told in mor ...
Hospitality Directions US Hospitality and Leisure At a glance January  2012
Hospitality Directions US Hospitality and Leisure At a glance January 2012

... Inflation ...
Capitalism Unleashed
Capitalism Unleashed

... usual. Yet 30 years ago inflation was rising, profits were squeezed, trades unions were bargaining aggressively and parties of the left were actively discussing ideas for deeper state intervention in industry. A huge shift in economic policies and behaviour was needed to launch our economies on their ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research

... many of the costs of adjustment cannot be blamed on the adjustment process itself, but on the policies that made such adjustment inevitable. In other words, the social costs are more related to the size of the adjustment required by the misguided policies that lead to that adjustment. The object of ...
Help wanted! Balancing fair protection and financial sustainability in long-term care
Help wanted! Balancing fair protection and financial sustainability in long-term care

... on how to provide fair LTC protection, whilst ensuring that this protection is fiscally sustainable in the long run. Keywords: Long-term care financing, long-term care costs, financial sustainability ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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