• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Fiscal Policy
Fiscal Policy

... 36. Refer to the above diagram. Assume tht the initial aggregate demand curve is AD 1 and the government undertakes fiscal policy that shifts the aggregate demand curve to AD2. If the horizontal distance between AD1 and AD2 is $100 billion, the change in real GDP in this situation: A) would be less ...
Low Inflation, Deflation, and Policies for Future Price Stability A
Low Inflation, Deflation, and Policies for Future Price Stability A

... monetary policy—the interest rate—is truncated. Thus combating a slump may be difficult, and economic instability could increase. Also when inflation gets negative a downward spiral can occur which lowers inflation, which raises real interest rates, which lowers inflation even further, and so on. T ...
Comparisons of OECD Debt
Comparisons of OECD Debt

... advanced economies. Governments were forced to recapitalise banks, take over a large part of the debts of failing financial institutions, and introduce large stimulus programmes to revive demand. According to the OECD, total industrialised country public sector debt is now expected to exceed 100% of ...
Fundamentals of Engineering Economics
Fundamentals of Engineering Economics

... al Renganathan Sharma serves as Adjunct Professor of Chemical Engineering at the Roy G. Perry College of Engineering at Prairie View A & M University, Prairie View, TX. He instructs CHEG 2003 Economic Analysis and Technical Applications. He received his B.Tech. from Indian Institute of Technology, C ...
Interest Rate and the Exchange Rate: A Non
Interest Rate and the Exchange Rate: A Non

... interest rates and exchange rates, since there may be none to begin with. In building our model, we take as a starting point the fact that most analysts seem to agree that higher interest rates a¤ect key macroeconomic variables essentially through three channels. First, higher interest rates raise ...
Vanguard Materials ETF Summary Prospectus
Vanguard Materials ETF Summary Prospectus

THE COLOMBIAN ECONOMY IN THE NINETIES: CAPITAL FLOWS
THE COLOMBIAN ECONOMY IN THE NINETIES: CAPITAL FLOWS

... in the opposite direction, of interest rates.2 This can be seen in the panels C and D of Graph 2.1. In fact, the first period identified in the previous section, characterized by a decline in economic activity, coincided with high and increasing nominal interest rates. Due to the high levels of infl ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research

... 6 to 7 percent registered in the previous decade. Nevertheless, since price stability is typically taken to mean an inflation rate of between 1 and 2 percent, and since almost all EU national central banks either already have price stability as the primary goal of monetary policy or will do under th ...
Principles of Macro - Fall 2008
Principles of Macro - Fall 2008

... c. The level of real GDP per person is a good gauge of economic prosperity, and the growth rate of real GDP per person is a good gauge of economic progress. d. Productivity may be measured by the growth rate of real GDP per person. 2. The average amount of goods and services produced from each hour ...
The pace of recovery
The pace of recovery

... and that a third of all employers offer no skills training to their staff. In this context, government plans to cut the adult skills budget by one firth in the next two years make no economic sense. Those programmes that remain also need to be designed effectively. The TUC has welcomed the potential ...
Selecting Project Portfolios by Optimizing Simulations
Selecting Project Portfolios by Optimizing Simulations

... Captured projects are those projects that the company has determined will be capable of providing a revenue stream, or from which it is already realizing revenue. Cash flows for these projects consist only of projected revenues and expenses, including any initial investment necessary to obtain a rev ...
Untitled
Untitled

... rate to be established after receiving competitive bids from prospective purchasers. It is estimated that the Senior Bonds will provide interest rates between 5 percent and 6 percent with 15 to 20 year maturities. L plans to borrow the proceeds of Subordinated Bonds issued by the N to fund approxim ...
HSI 12.31.16 - Stmt of Fin Condition
HSI 12.31.16 - Stmt of Fin Condition

... Goodwill Goodwill, representing the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of identifiable net assets acquired, results from business combinations. The goodwill balance of $10,865 is not amortized, but is reviewed for impairment on an annual basis at the reporting unit level using a discou ...
Objectives for Chapter 24: Monetarism (Continued) Chapter 24: The
Objectives for Chapter 24: Monetarism (Continued) Chapter 24: The

... Notice that both of these are vertical. This is a very important conclusion. It tells us that in the long-run (when people are no longer fooled by inflation), there is no trade-off between inflation and unemployment. In the long-run, the economy will operate at Potential Real GDP (and at the natural ...
Document
Document

... under more adverse circumstances, such as a lower productivity growth than currently envisaged, fiscal risks would be increased. While the debt burden for the private sector is low and the profitability of companies has improved, the combination of high public and private debt is an additional risk ...
Presentation before the Planning and Budget Erdem Başçı Governor
Presentation before the Planning and Budget Erdem Başçı Governor

... In Turkey, measures taken during the last year aiming to reduce short term capital flows have been successful to a large extent. ...
Objectives for Chapter 24: Monetarism (Continued)
Objectives for Chapter 24: Monetarism (Continued)

... Notice that both of these are vertical. This is a very important conclusion. It tells us that in the long-run (when people are no longer fooled by inflation), there is no trade-off between inflation and unemployment. In the long-run, the economy will operate at Potential Real GDP (and at the natural ...
Chapter 26 - Inflation and Monetary Policy
Chapter 26 - Inflation and Monetary Policy

... • Fed made a different choice – Maintained low interest rate target ...
Glossary of Local Government Financial Terms
Glossary of Local Government Financial Terms

... Accounting for income and expenditure during the financial year in which they are earned or incurred, not when money is received or paid. Actuary A person or firm who analyses the assets and future liabilities of a pension fund and calculates the level of employers’ contributions needed to keep it s ...
Class Conflict and the Cambridge Theory of
Class Conflict and the Cambridge Theory of

CHAP1.WP (Word5)
CHAP1.WP (Word5)

... inflation and output and their dynamic behavior over time. The text develops this model in two steps. First, it derives the short-run Phillips (SP) curve by introducing inflation and inflationary expectations into the traditional AD-SAS model of Chapter 8. Second, the text develops the relationship ...
Chapter 3 R : T
Chapter 3 R : T

... The overall resources of the Union Government comprise of revenue and capital (debt and non-debt receipts as well as accruals in public account) receipts. Notwithstanding the inter year variations in the growth of various components over a longer term (1992-2008), the ratio between the debt receipts ...
Income Inequality and Asset Prices under Redistributive Taxation ˇ Luboˇs P´astor
Income Inequality and Asset Prices under Redistributive Taxation ˇ Luboˇs P´astor

... return and the tax burden is negative, as predicted, but its significance varies depending on which controls are included in the regression. The relation between the level of stock prices and the tax burden is concave and largely negative, as predicted, but the negativity is significant only after t ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES SMOOTH LANDING OR CRASH? MODEL-BASED SCENARIOS OF
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES SMOOTH LANDING OR CRASH? MODEL-BASED SCENARIOS OF

... exchange rates, domestic demand, and growth.1 Moreover, the prospect of large, disorderly swings in the value of the dollar — given its dominant role in the international monetary system — presents an additional …nancial risk with potentially far-reaching consequences, and where the regions that may ...
inclusive labour markets in-depth employment analysis
inclusive labour markets in-depth employment analysis

... they are today. However, the financial crisis, which subsequently turned into an economic and social one – has changed the European landscape in the intervening years. Europe’s economy has been in recession, the long-term stability of the euro has been severely challenged and the unemployment rate, ...
< 1 ... 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 ... 371 >

Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report