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... 2. first pillar = ‘economic analysis’. It consists of a broad review of recent evolution and likely prospects of economic conditions (e.g., growth, employment, prices, exchange rates, foreign conditions); 3. second pillar = ‘monetary analysis’. It studies the evolution of monetary aggregates (M3, in ...
Course Student Name
Course Student Name

... ratios are related in this way. Both impacts are reduced in the same way by the same forces, crowding out and price effects. Click “New Policy,” keep government spending and taxes at their original levels of $800 and increase the money supply to 74. Click “No Shock.” Compared to the original state o ...
Will corporate tax reform lift business investment?
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... The other key issue is around how much debt will lift on the back of these taxation changes. The US Tax Policy Center have estimated that the corporate tax policy changes would decrease government receipts by ~$890bn over the next decade which equates to around 0.3% of GDP per year. This doesn’t inc ...
indonesia - UM Personal World Wide Web Server
indonesia - UM Personal World Wide Web Server

... decline by more than 33%.viii A week later the government adopted a five-point plan to deal with the crisis, a policy that tried to i) stabilize the rupiah at a new equilibrium level, ii) strengthen fiscal policies and fiscal consolidation, iii) reduce the current account deficit, iv) support the ba ...
Project Syndicate, September 2012. Since the integration of
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... divergence in private savings rate between the industrialized core and the emerging periphery--the former seeing a sharp rise in savings rate and the latter a steady decline; (2) large global imbalances between the two regions; (3) a steadfast decline in the world interest rate over the last twenty ...
Homework Assignment 1
Homework Assignment 1

... B. Gather data on Human Capital: Researchers at Harvard University have a human capital dataset. In particular, get data on each country on the average number of years of education of the population 25 years old or older in each country from the data set by Robert Barro and Jong-Wha Lee of Korea Uni ...
Some Thoughts on Australian House Prices March 2017
Some Thoughts on Australian House Prices March 2017

... deregulation of the financial sector during the 1980s and the shift to a low inflation and low interest rate environment during the 1990s. It is also worth noting that capital gains tax was introduced in Australian in 1985 and applied to assets other than the family home. This change arguably increa ...
THE WELFARE STATE AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
THE WELFARE STATE AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE

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The Federal Budget
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... Generational Effects of Fiscal Policy Generational Accounting and Present Value Taxes are paid by people with jobs. Social security benefits are paid to people after they retire. So to compare the value of an amount of money at one date (working years) with that at a later date (retirement years), ...
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... growth forecasts and estimated that trend growth for Germany was 1% - half that of the euro zone and one third that of the US. ...
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... 1. The mice population is 25,000 and is decreasing by 20% each year. a. Write an equation to model the population P after t years. b. What will the population be after 3 years? 2. The number of mosquitoes at the beach has tripled every year since 1999. In 1999, there were 2,500 mosquitoes. a. Write ...
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... benefit plan (Hewitt Associates, 1988). A set of regulations was proposed by the Internal Revenue Service in 1988. The proposed regulations were modified and final regulations were released in July of 1991. Following will be a discussion of the characteristics of a 401 (k) prior to regulations issue ...
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... employment appear to be noisier than those from the payroll survey Q. How do the movements of unemployment claims inform the Bureau's thinking? – A bulge in jobless claims would appear to forecast declining employment, but we do not use forecasts and the claims numbers have a lot of noise Q: What ab ...
Bond Strategies for Rising Rate Environments
Bond Strategies for Rising Rate Environments

... In today's bond market, with the Federal Reserve intent on keeping short-term interest rates at or near 0% for the near future, shortening maturity in isolation results in little or no income. For investors who depend upon income, yields of 0.50% or less are often times insufficient to meet expenses ...
Lecture No. 3: AGREGATE DEMAND
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... injection of capital, purchases of assets, take-overs by the government (state ownership), • Funding: IMF, WB, the role of rising China • ESFS, EFSM (2013), ESM (2013→) • Fiscal deficits and public debt (P) ...
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ECON 2105H

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... 6. Suppose that Publix runs the following advertisement: “We measured what the average Publix shopper bought last week, and that same basket of groceries would have cost 3% more at Krogers.” The same newspaper also contains an ad from Kroger: “We measured what the average Kroger shopper bought last ...
Monetary Policy - s3.amazonaws.com
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... a. When real GDP is at its potential and inflation is at its 2 percent target, the Federal funds rate should be at 4 percent (implying a real interest rate of 2 percent). b. For each 1 percent increase of real GDP above potential, the Federal funds rate should be raised by 1/2 percentage point. c. ...
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... Official Date of Trust Fund Insolvency • Social Security Is Unsustainable In Its Present Form • Implied Tax Increase Under the Current System • The Implied Cut in Current Benefits • It Takes Longer and Longer to Recover Social Security Taxes Plus Interest After Retirement • The U.S. Personal Savings ...
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the retirement income system - Australia`s Demographic Challenges
the retirement income system - Australia`s Demographic Challenges

... workforce, but find their day-to-day spending needs are also lower. For example, fully retired people face lower expenses for clothing and transport than while they were working, while the major costs of raising children and paying off the mortgage generally are in the past. Tax bills also are gener ...
Economic Crisis 2008 - Common Sense Economics
Economic Crisis 2008 - Common Sense Economics

... households to improve their personal financial situation. • Various types of stimulus packages are not likely to be very effective. • Danger: Frequent policy changes will retard recovery. The recent policies of the Bush Administration illustrate this point. ...
Simulating the Population Vulnerable to Drought Related Food
Simulating the Population Vulnerable to Drought Related Food

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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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