• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Financing development in an uncertain world
Financing development in an uncertain world

... investments in innovation by countries and corporations • State activism. The recent crisis has shown its relevance but “a role model” does/will not exist The recent evidence Besides large domestic markets and proactive public policies, countries less affected by the financial crisis have: • A well- ...
Chapter 14 - Department of Agricultural Economics
Chapter 14 - Department of Agricultural Economics

... current CPI – previous CPI previous CPI ...
Homework 5
Homework 5

... 3. Money Market Assume there is a negative supply shock in the United States which reduces real and nominal GDP. The central bank wants to conduct monetary policy to stabilize the price level. Draw a picture of the money market. Show how the money supply and demand curve would shift in response to ...
It’s All About Interest Rates
It’s All About Interest Rates

... What most people don’t know about what really makes our economy go. (…… but should) ...
Introduction to Economic Growth and Instability
Introduction to Economic Growth and Instability

... B. To measure inflation, subtract last year’s price index from this year’s price index and divide by last year’s index; then multiply by 100 to express as a percentage. C. “Rule of 70” permits quick calculation of the time it takes the price level to double: Divide 70 by the percentage rate of infla ...
Econ 102—Chapter 24 Review February 25, 2008 When actual
Econ 102—Chapter 24 Review February 25, 2008 When actual

... 2. When actual GDP is higher less than potential GDP we say there is a(n) ______________ gap. Draw a graphical example of this gap below. ...
Fed raises rates as job gains, firming inflation stoke confidence (by
Fed raises rates as job gains, firming inflation stoke confidence (by

... Fiscal Times - The Federal Reserve just raised interest rates for the second time in three months, signaling a dramatic quickening of its prior pace. For the first time in more than a decade, Fed policymakers are turning increasingly hawkish out of concern over ongoing labor market tightening, evide ...
Interest Rate Swaps
Interest Rate Swaps

... provided the Government of Canada bond has the same principal amount and margin rate category as the swap. Similarly, a floating rate offset is available whereby the Member can offset the cash flows from a short (or long) position in a Government of Canada bond or bank paper with less than one year ...
REDEV Properties Investment PowerPoint Presentation.
REDEV Properties Investment PowerPoint Presentation.

... GDP is 10% higher than the average for the USA GDP is 40% higher than for the rest of Canada Over the past decade, growth in real GDP in the CalgaryEdmonton Corridor averaged 4.2% per year, 1 percentage point above both the Canadian and U.S. averages ...
AGEC 105 - Department of Agricultural Economics
AGEC 105 - Department of Agricultural Economics

... 16. The government agency within the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) that makes nonrecourse loans to farmers for the purpose of supporting prices at a specified level is the (a) Food and Drug Administration (b) Federal Trade Commission (c) Commodity Credit Corporation (d) National Resource Con ...
Resocializing Capital: Putting Pension Savings in the Service of
Resocializing Capital: Putting Pension Savings in the Service of

... up such an alternative ‘infrastructure’ and the huge fixed investments they require. Since such an infrastructure has public good properties, simple game theory models can easily explain why voluntary investment is not forthcoming. However, the levy proposed in this article could generate a sufficie ...
Exponential Growth and Decay Observe how the graphs of
Exponential Growth and Decay Observe how the graphs of

... Decay by half-life: The pesticide DDT was widely used in the United States until its ban in 1972. DDT is toxic to a wide range of animals and aquatic life, and is suspected to cause cancer in humans. The half-life of DDT can be 15 or more years. Half-life is the amount of time it takes for half of t ...
the powerpoint presentation regarding Monetary Policy.
the powerpoint presentation regarding Monetary Policy.

... of Canada uses to conduct monetary policy • Buying/selling Bonds and T-Bills – Bank of Canada buys bonds from Canadian Corporations and the result is an increase in the money supply – Bank of Canada sells bonds to Canadian Corporations and the result is a decrease in the money supply because the $ i ...
PPT
PPT

... benefits in future accounting periods by holding or using the entity over a period of time, or from which the economic owner has derived a benefit in past periods and is still receiving a benefit in the current period. Because it represents a stock of future benefits, an asset can be regarded as a s ...
w S /w U
w S /w U

... • Benefit conditions need to be taken into account in economic models: for example, job search models of unemployment assume that a person can reject job offers without any risk of losing benefit, whereas they may be disqualified; • The “shirking” model of efficiency wages assumes that a person dism ...
Slide 1 - McGraw Hill Higher Education - McGraw
Slide 1 - McGraw Hill Higher Education - McGraw

... ratios. The analyses in this section focus on the company’s ability to survive in the short term, by converting assets to cash that can be used to pay current liabilities as they come due. Receivable Turnover Ratio – Most retail home improvement companies have low levels of accounts receivable relat ...
lEVEl I SCHWESER`S QuickSheet
lEVEl I SCHWESER`S QuickSheet

... To derive a bond’s value using spot rates, discount the individual cash flows at appropriate rate for each flow’s time horizon; sum PV of the cash flows to get bond’s current value. This value is the arbitrage-free value. ...
Government debt and social security in a life
Government debt and social security in a life

... stages of life: work and retirement. I then impose a constant transition probability per period for a worker into retirement, as well as a constant probability per period of death for a retiree. Second, I employ a class of nonexpected utility preferences proposed by Farmer (1990) that generate certa ...
PDF Download
PDF Download

... 1.7% in July. A year earlier the rate had amounted to – 0.2%. The EU27 annual inflation rate reached 2.0% in August 2010, down from 2.1% in July. A year earlier the rate had been 0.6%. An EU-wide HICP comparison shows that in August 2010 the lowest annual rates were observed in Ireland (– 1.2%), Lat ...
Possible causes of decreasing wage ratio. How to
Possible causes of decreasing wage ratio. How to

... OECD (2015): The Labour Share in G20 Economies. International Labour Organization. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development with contributions from International Monetary Fund and World Bank Group. Report prepared for the G20 Employment Working Group Antalya, Turkey, ...
1 - Amazon Web Services
1 - Amazon Web Services

... • France, Belgium, ...
the Note
the Note

... LDCs are exposed to external economic forces over which they have little control Reduced national independence making macro-economic management by domestic governments difficult A state's ability to raise corporation taxation is declining Trans-national companies may relocate if taxed too highly and ...
Corporate Finance
Corporate Finance

... so that temporarily depressed income does not yield an overly low optimal debt ratio.  Lower estimates of operating income for higher debt ratios due to indirect bankruptcy costs. ...
PSS and CSS Long Term Cost Report 2002
PSS and CSS Long Term Cost Report 2002

... Prior to July 1976 the superannuation of Commonwealth public servants was covered by the Superannuation Act 1922. Currently there are no members contributing under the Superannuation Act 1922. However, some pensioners and deferred beneficiaries remain entitled to benefits under this Act and the liab ...
statement of risk - ACT Department of Treasury
statement of risk - ACT Department of Treasury

... estimate of the liability and this can result in actuarial gains or losses when the claims experience differs from the estimates. The liabilities are discounted to allow for the time value of money as claims may be settled many years after the claim is incurred. Sensitivity to Discount Rate The outs ...
< 1 ... 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 ... 371 >

Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report