• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Fiscal policy - Mr. Zittle`s Classroom
Fiscal policy - Mr. Zittle`s Classroom

... marginal propensity to consume (MPC). • It is the fraction of extra income that a household consumes rather than saves. ...
The FRB St Louis New Economic Narrative and Negative Rates
The FRB St Louis New Economic Narrative and Negative Rates

... The forecasted overshooting was the main reason we pushed for raising interest rates over the last year. Rate changes affect the economy with a lag so we felt we needed to get ahead of the curve. We also felt that short-term real interest rates would move up, which would mean we also had to raise th ...
Due Date: Thursday, September 8th (at the beginning of class)
Due Date: Thursday, September 8th (at the beginning of class)

... 3) The poorest countries in the world have a per capita income of about $600 today. As suggested by Pritchett in “Divergence, Big Time,” we can reasonably assume that it is nearly impossible to live on an income below half this level (below $300). Per capita income in the United States in 2000 was a ...
An Overview of Poverty Reduction Strategies1
An Overview of Poverty Reduction Strategies1

... – To arrest the inflation (rising trend in the general price level) – To increase the GDP growth rate – To increase per capita income – To attain self-sufficiency in food-grain production – To reduce population growth rate – To reduce dependency on foreign aid – To consolidate the gains made so far ...
ch25 - Index of
ch25 - Index of

... Nominal interest rate: The nominal interest rate is the number of additional dollars that must be repaid for every dollar that is borrowed ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Bureau of Economic Research
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Bureau of Economic Research

... macroeconomic consequences of large future U.S. federal government deficits. The analysis has the advantage of accounting for the endogeneity of the deficit. In the baseline run, which assumes no large tax increases or spending cuts and no bad dollar and stock market shocks, the debt/GDP ratio rises ...
Class 21
Class 21

... The Social Security Act was passed in 1935. As mentioned above, Social Security today constitutes almost ¼ of all federal government spending and is the largest single spending program of the federal government. As of 1998, 44.5 million people were receiving Social Security benefits. Most of these w ...
William G - Policy Experts
William G - Policy Experts

... Fourteen years ago Bill Shipman invited 25 people to Boston to discuss an issue most participants had rarely considered, Social Security. The participants were responsible for the retirement plans of the largest corporations and state pension funds in America. The four-hour session was led by the Co ...
LM - LSE
LM - LSE

... spending raises GDP by the government spending multiplier. • The IS-LM model recognizes, however, that when GDP increases, this tightens the money market, thereby raising interest rates. This part, is what we add in the IS/ LM model – we “endogenize” r • The increase in interest rates chokes off som ...
The Size of the Public Sector 1
The Size of the Public Sector 1

... generally an underprovision of public goods, as non-rivalry in consumption combined with non-excludability from consumption makes private users with individual rationality behave as free-riders and disguise their preferences. But very often private goods, too, cannot be efficiently allocated through ...
The Aggregate Economy
The Aggregate Economy

... • An expected future increase in demand for their product will lead to larger profits and therefore leads to an immediate increase in investment demand. • An increase in expected future profit shifts the investment curve to the right; a decrease shifts the curve to the left. ...
41245732
41245732

... 9. Scientific publications as a percentage of world production ...
Liability - McGraw Hill Higher Education
Liability - McGraw Hill Higher Education

... o Notes Payable o A company borrowing cash (borrower) from a bank is required to sign a note promising to repay the amount borrowed plus interest. o The borrower reports its liability as notes payable. o Notes payable is a liability that creates interest expense ...
Chapter 13
Chapter 13

... The Zero’s and the Teens The first two decades had some important economic events. First was the Financial Panic of 1907, followed by the creation of the Federal Reserve System and the income tax. World War I of 1917-19 closed the teens. The Roaring Twenties The best economic decade for the U.S. eco ...
Transfers, Capital, and Consumption over the Demographic Transition
Transfers, Capital, and Consumption over the Demographic Transition

...  Labor productivity and wages increase due to increase in assets held by residents  Returns to capital decline. ...
Asset Prices, the Real Exchange Rate, and Unemployment in a
Asset Prices, the Real Exchange Rate, and Unemployment in a

... Suppose that at the current moment, t0, economic agents form an expectation that at some point in the future, t1, there will be a step increase in AT. In the phase diagram in the (K, pN) plane, the stationary locus for dK/dt = 0 shifts to the left as the output supply of the capital good is reduced ...
Chapter 4 Checkpoint
Chapter 4 Checkpoint

... When the Fed raises the federal funds rate, the same or next day U.S. exchange rate ____, about a year later U.S. net exports ____, and two years later U.S. inflation _____. A. rises; do not change; increases B. falls; increase; decreases C. rises; decrease; decreases D. rises; increase; decreases E ...
MBF 3CI Personal Finance: Some Investment Alternatives Basic
MBF 3CI Personal Finance: Some Investment Alternatives Basic

... An RRSP is a plan that helps individuals set aside money to be used after they retire. Payments to the plan are usually done monthly or bi-weekly. PROs CONs  The more money you put into an  Penalty if cashed before maturity RRSP each year, the less income  Income tax is paid on it when tax you ha ...
The corporate finance implications of rapidly rising interest rates.
The corporate finance implications of rapidly rising interest rates.

... been expecting rising interest rates for the last several years. Over the last three years, for example, economists had forecast the 10-year U.S. Treasury rate to be 70 basis points (bps), 160 bps, and 80 bps higher than the actual rate at the end of 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. Today, econom ...
Households lost purchasing power in 2004
Households lost purchasing power in 2004

... entirely due to falling prices, mainly caused by the price war that had been raging for almost a year among the supermarkets. In previous years the rise in value added was mainly produced by cutting costs. In 2004 it was mainly caused by a modest recovery in the production of enterprises. The wage s ...
14.02 Principles of Macroeconomics
14.02 Principles of Macroeconomics

... Decide whether each of the following statement is true or false, and justify your answer with a short argument. 1. Monetary policy is neutral in the medium run, but fiscal policy is not. True. In the medium run changes in the money supply affect only the price level. Changes in fiscal policy affect ...
Should fiscal policy be used to fight recessions?
Should fiscal policy be used to fight recessions?

... effect of a change in fiscal policy on the economy and not the effect of changes in the economy on fiscal policy.Those fiscal policy changes that are independent of economic circumstances are called exogenous, and those that are reactions to economic conditions are called endogenous. This is a parti ...
Department of Economics
Department of Economics

... measurement of national output [GDP]: the value added approach definition of ‘final’ goods and services: goods and services sold to consumers, industry [on capital account], government, the export sector and goods which become additions to physical inventory at the end of the year GDP has two bounda ...
22ND BRAZILIAN PENSION FUND CONGRESS
22ND BRAZILIAN PENSION FUND CONGRESS

... Brazilian pension Funds will only succeed in protecting 50 million workers and attain 70% of the country’s GDP if, among other measures, they invest in variable income to ensure higher returns, and are managed under management principles and practices that protect their assets and respect the econom ...
Chapters 26-28
Chapters 26-28

... The Fed would have to increase the money supply increasingly more rapidly in each successive year. This year, for example, it could increase the money supply by enough to choose the unemployment rate-inflation rate combination of U2 and 9%. But, as the short run Phillips curve shifts rightward to PC ...
< 1 ... 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 ... 371 >

Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report