• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Issues in tax competition: setting differential rates Helen Miller
Issues in tax competition: setting differential rates Helen Miller

... within the UK – lower rate in one likely to encourage lower rates in others – how responsive is activity within the UK? – effect may depend on adjustment of block grant (and extent to which negative effects on revenues in the rest of the UK are considered) ...
Questions 1 and 2 are designed to cover the period since the onset
Questions 1 and 2 are designed to cover the period since the onset

... additional resources by the state, intend to strengthen and enhance the welfare state, especially in these times of economic crisis, as well to contribute to a more efficient, sustainable and equitable allocation of resources among Autonomous Communities. However, despite the coincidence in time, th ...
This PDF is a selec on from a published volume... Bureau of Economic Research
This PDF is a selec on from a published volume... Bureau of Economic Research

... recent decades—and would grow to larger percentages thereafter. At the same time, under this scenario, spending on everything other than the major health care programs, Social Security, and interest on the debt would decline to the lowest percentage of GDP since before World War II. That significant ...
lower interest rates
lower interest rates

... defer ventures particularly when, as in this country, lending costs hover around 20%, (excluding other charges) and projected profits may be wiped out by the additional cost of self provision of relevant infrastructure. “Inhibited borrowing in the private sector will translate to fewer industrial ex ...
A Citizens` Solutions Guide The Federal Budget
A Citizens` Solutions Guide The Federal Budget

... Go From Here? ...
Are advanced economies at risk of falling into debt traps?
Are advanced economies at risk of falling into debt traps?

... In this context, in 2015, general government gross debt exceeded 100 percent of GDP in Japan, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Cyprus, Belgium and the United States, in some cases by large margins (Japan’s gross debt approaches 250 percent)2. In Spain, Singapore, France, Ireland and Canada it was between 90 ...
Purchase of Rental Property Form
Purchase of Rental Property Form

... soundness of the underlying rental property fundamentals. It is important to focus solely on market value by using the Return on Asset (ROA) method. If an investment cannot stand on its own fundamentals, regardless of buyer financing, it cannot stand at all. ...
Saving
Saving

... • As wealth increases, no need to save as much as before. • This is called “wealth effect”. ...
Basics of Financial Planning
Basics of Financial Planning

... your money into one investment that may not perform well at a particular time. By spreading the risk, it can be minimized, and is a wise decision for most consumers. There are many types of diversification. One may diversify between stocks and bonds (equity and debt, subsequently); between liquid an ...
0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2014Q3 2014Q4
0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2014Q3 2014Q4

... GDP grew strongly in Canada (0.9%, compared to minus 0.3% in the previous quarter), mainly as a result of a marked increase in the contribution of the trade balance (0.4 percentage point, as compared to minus 1.3 in the previous quarter), which together with a slight acceleration in the contribution ...
Econ. 1A What is Economics? Economic Way of Thinking What is
Econ. 1A What is Economics? Economic Way of Thinking What is

... (b) The information-age economy. Would the social interest be better served if Micrsoft and Intel had faced competition from other firms? (c) Climate change. Each day, when we make self-interested choices to use electricity and gasoline, we contribute to carbon emission and global warming. Must gov ...
G - Madison County Schools
G - Madison County Schools

... LFM, because it is long-term. Use “nominal interest rate” with money market, as it is short-term. ...
Name:__________________________________________Hour:__________________   Score:______/30  5 points European
Name:__________________________________________Hour:__________________ Score:______/30 5 points European

... How did the GDP number change from the second to the third estimate?_____ Which components of GDP caused the increase reported? (3 answers) ...
Business Profile
Business Profile

... (BCAR)  A quantitative tool that indicates whether a company’s capital is appropriate for a particular rating level. BCAR by itself never has been the sole basis for determining any Best’s Credit Rating.  Important to A.M. Best’s evaluation of both absolute and relative capital strength  It is ex ...
ECN 111 Chapter 6 Lecture Notes
ECN 111 Chapter 6 Lecture Notes

... c. Technological change in the home increased the time available for paid employment. d. Families wanted a second income to balance tight budgets. 4. The male labor force participation rate decreased from 82 percent in 1962 to 74 percent in 2002. There are three reasons: a. Some men retired early be ...
Data Sources and Methods
Data Sources and Methods

... STB, are found in reported expenditures for additions during the year (Schedule 330 in the R1 Reports) for road and equipment. Following Caves, Christensen, and Swanson (CCS) we add operating expenses associated with ties, rail and other track material, and ballast.1 To convert the investment expend ...
Client Line Newsletter Online
Client Line Newsletter Online

... As a small business owner, you have a lot going for you. You can make decisions and implement changes more quickly than your larger competitors, and you probably have a closer relationship with your clients and customers. All these things are in your favor if you’re thinking of adding new product li ...
14.02 PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS  QUIZ 1 READ INSTRUCTIONS FIRST:
14.02 PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS QUIZ 1 READ INSTRUCTIONS FIRST:

... The reduction in government expenditure in question 3 resulted in an output reduction. A combination of an expansionary monetary policy (increase the money supply) together with a contractionary fiscal policy (decrease in government expenditure) could result in a public deficit reduction without neg ...
Define and Discuss on Fiscal Policy
Define and Discuss on Fiscal Policy

... Consequently, the recessionary climate may persist for a long time. The way out of this difficulty, according to the Keynesians, is to run a budget deficit by increasing government expenditures in excess of current tax receipts. The increase in government expenditures should be sufficient to cause t ...
Do the Tax Benefits of 529 Plans Outweigh Their
Do the Tax Benefits of 529 Plans Outweigh Their

... holdings to pay for college. However, any bond income, nonqualified dividends, or short-term capital gains would be taxable at their ordinary income tax rate of 15% (assuming they file jointly) in the year in which they receive them. Because 529 investments frequently have higher total expense ratio ...
Fiscal Policy
Fiscal Policy

... revenues. For FY 2008 the deficit was approximately $480 billion (this was added to the Federal Debt). In FY 2009, the deficit was $1.8 trillion; 2010 deficit was $1.6 trillion; 2011 it is projected to be $1.3 trillion If the government collects more in taxes than it spends, it will run a budget sur ...
Economic Policy & the Aggregate Demand
Economic Policy & the Aggregate Demand

...  Taxes are required payments to the government  Taxes are collected at the:  national level by the federal government  Income taxes on personal & corporate taxes as well as social insurance taxes  State level by each state government  Local levels by counties, cities, and towns  State & local ...
DOCX - World bank documents
DOCX - World bank documents

... Risk-based supervision (RBS) for pension funds is currently defined as an approach by which the supervisory authority directs its scare resources towards the main risks posed to pension fund members - as opposed to rules or compliance-based supervision which involves rigorously checking compliance w ...
Open Economy
Open Economy

... Average Work hours in manufacturing Average weekly claims for unemployment insurance New orders for non-defense capital goods Sales tax receipts Construction employment Residential permits Stock index (index futures) Growth in wage rate Interest rate spread (e.g. 10 year versus 1 year bond) ...
Pointmaker SMALL IS BEST LESSONS FROM ADVANCED ECONOMIES
Pointmaker SMALL IS BEST LESSONS FROM ADVANCED ECONOMIES

... However, many rich countries now have governments which do far more than this. These larger states require increased tax revenue and, since taxation is distortionary, this creates inefficiencies. Economies with low tax burdens will be subject to less distortionary taxation and so will be more effici ...
< 1 ... 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 ... 371 >

Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report