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Bad lessons - Faculdade de Economia da Universidade Nova de
Bad lessons - Faculdade de Economia da Universidade Nova de

... The Portuguese convergence process in the last half-century is a success story. In fact, Portugal is one of the few countries that changed from a developing to a developed country in the last 50 years.1 From 1960 to 2003 the gap with the EU (15) average decreased from 56.8 to 28 percentage points (2 ...
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File

... A government can try to eliminate an inflationary gap by: • Decreasing government spending (-G) • Increasing personal income taxes (-discretionary income => -C) • Increasing corporate income taxes (- after-tax profit => -I) ...
PwC economists reveal predictions for 2016
PwC economists reveal predictions for 2016

... Chinese GDP growth will ease to 6.5%: China’s economic slowdown looks set to continue with rebalancing now underway. Growth in manufacturing and exports will continue to slow gradually. However, Chinese business leaders will continue to move into higher value added areas of manufacturing. To meet th ...
Intermediate Macroeconomics,Assignment 5
Intermediate Macroeconomics,Assignment 5

... Therefore the exchange rate is lowered and the income is lowered as well. In a standard Mundell–Fleming model with vertical LM* curve, only the exchange rate is lowered while the aggregate income is not affected). ...
Name: Answer Key - University of Colorado Boulder
Name: Answer Key - University of Colorado Boulder

... A. The dollar rate of return on euro deposits is the euro interest rate plus the rate of depreciation of the dollar against the euro. B. The dollar rate of return on euro deposits is approximately the euro interest rate minus the rate of depreciation of the dollar against the euro. C. The dollar rat ...
News release  PwC economists reveal predictions for 2016
News release PwC economists reveal predictions for 2016

... Chinese GDP growth will ease to 6.5%: China’s economic slowdown looks set to continue with rebalancing now underway. Growth in manufacturing and exports will continue to slow gradually. However, Chinese business leaders will continue to move into higher value added areas of manufacturing. To meet th ...
Annex A - Hong Kong Monetary Authority
Annex A - Hong Kong Monetary Authority

... Kong dollar assets. The HKMA sold a total of HK$0.39 bn in the first week of October in response to bank offers, leading to an expansion in the Aggregate Balance. Interbank interest rates eased across the board, reflecting partly an increase in liquidity, and partly some shifts into Hong Kong dollar ...
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Unlocking Local Growth - East Midlands Councils

... six teams across England to: – Realise ec.opportunities – Influence policy using local knowledge – Respond to ec shocks – Support Ministers ...
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... are predetermined (unlike an investment in, say, a stock, which involves some risk, and for which the return cannot be predetermined). Jones is investing in a 60-day investment which will pay him 5146.30 at the end of 60 days. If the interest (yield) rate desired by an investor increases for an inve ...
14.02 Principles of Macroeconomics Problem Set 3 Solutions Fall 2004
14.02 Principles of Macroeconomics Problem Set 3 Solutions Fall 2004

... policy (in terms of changing output). False. In an open economy with fixed exchange rates, fiscal policy is, indeed, more effective than monetary policy. In fact, monetary policy has absolutely no effect. (See pages 429-430.) However, in an open economy with flexible exchange rates, monetary policy ...
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... 30-plus years has been a relatively easy task. The bull market for bonds began in September 1981 when the yield on the 10-year Treasury peaked at 15.8%. Since then, yields have fallen steadily over the last three decades. The 10-year Treasury note currently yields approximately 2 ¼%. Over this perio ...
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... currently postponed and the decision on a third runway at Heathrow not expected until the end of the year, there are still a number of questions on the Government’s infrastructure plans left unanswered. More definitive long-term commitments on future infrastructure investment are urgently needed. ...
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... 2. high transaction costs – when there is high inflation, people spend more time checking prices, there are higher costs to carrying around money 3. vulnerable groups can become impoverished – especially those with fixed incomes, such as retired workers 4. demonetization of the economy – people will ...
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... balanced by countries borrowing from the rest of the world. In the former case, surplus countries tend to accumulate large stocks of overseas investments, while in the latter, deficit countries see large capital inflows and a growing fraction of their assets held by overseas agents. The UK current a ...
mid term exam solutions
mid term exam solutions

... unemployment base their argument on the fact that some persons that are not part of the labor force might have been looking for a job but, not being able to find one, have given up. This is the so called discouragement effect. On the other hand, those who argue that the unemployment rate is an overe ...
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1. Which of the following is included in U.S. GDP? I. The market

... (A) accounting cost (B) switching cost (C) inferior cost (D) average cost (E) opportunity cost 17. The aggregate demand curve has a negative slope in part because when the price level increases (A) the value of cash increases (B) imports become relatively more expensive (C) the real quanti ...
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Global Unions` Support for the Financial Transactions Tax

... speculative trading while maintaining well functioning markets • Amount of revenue generated by FTT depends on: – The established rates and post-FTT trading volumes – The scope of transactions covered by the tax – foreign exchange, stocks, bonds, derivatives (exchange-traded and OTC), etc. – The jur ...
AP Macro Unit 4 Multiple Choice Questions
AP Macro Unit 4 Multiple Choice Questions

... A. Government banking regulation B. Increased demand for investment C. Decrease in required reserve ratio D. The banks can only make a set number of loans E. Individuals holding a larger portion of their assets as cash 8. When an economy is at full employmnet, an expansionary monetary policy will le ...
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26. (Figure: Fiscal Policy 1) Suppose that this economy is in

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speech speech by governor lars rohde at danske bank markets
speech speech by governor lars rohde at danske bank markets

... nominal return of zero. But we have not experienced an unusual increase in the demand for cash. This reflects the substantial costs of secure storage and transport of large amounts of cash. Furthermore, it is cumbersome and expensive to use cash for transactions involving large amounts or large geog ...
AS Economics Answers - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges
AS Economics Answers - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges

... more. Falling unemployment may push up the price level for three main reasons: an increasing shortage of workers; increased power of trade unions which will push up wage rates; increased confidence in the future which will raise spending. b By encouraging an increase in consumption and investment. I ...
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... One of the problems facing government policy makers everywhere at the present time is the exceptional uncertainty of any short-term economic forecasts. All the major economies were showing signs of a slow-down before the terrorists attacks, and these have clearly accentuated the danger of a serious ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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