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Government Expenditure Composition and Growth in Chile
Government Expenditure Composition and Growth in Chile

... compositions summarized in Table 1. Total tax revenue as a fraction of GDP is on average 20.5%, among which 8% is allocated to transfers, 6.3% to public education, 1% to infrastructure investment, 1% to maintenance , and 4.2% to non-utility-enhancing public services. The labor and capital tax rates ...
Exam Name___________________________________
Exam Name___________________________________

... 16) An economy is in a long-run equilibrium. The real interest rate and the target rate of return are 6 percent a year. Then technology advances and the real interest rate rises to 10 percent. Neoclassical growth theory predicts that economic growth will continue ________. A) indefinitely B) until t ...
State-Building: Job Creation, Investment Promotion and the
State-Building: Job Creation, Investment Promotion and the

... Although the desire for revenue is one obvious reason why governments might want to promote private economic activity, there are others. One alternative to revenue motivation is if governments become accountable to well-informed citizens. Faced by such accountability, governments which wish to survi ...
6.02 Understand economic indicators to recognize economic trends
6.02 Understand economic indicators to recognize economic trends

... wealth like homes, paintings, and cars. Since money is only one of many forms of wealth, it has plenty of substitutes. The interaction between money and its substitutes explain why the demand for money changes. • A reduction in the interest rate will increase the Demand for Money and a rise in the i ...
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS)

... crisis, had been that freer markets would enhance economic efficiency. That view held that trade liberalization and economic openness should enable countries to maximize resource use and comparative advantage, attract FDI and increase capital formation. The benefits of the ensuing growth would then ...
Job Profile - Jobsgopublic
Job Profile - Jobsgopublic

... • Demonstrable technical/specialist/policy & procedural knowledge which can be applied across a wide range of activities. Ability to complete a range of complex tasks such as report writing, presentations, detailed assessments and calculations Skills Essential • Good keyboard skills and computer lit ...
Your HSHS Retirement Program - HSHS Benefits
Your HSHS Retirement Program - HSHS Benefits

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France Sustainability Report

... Social security balance (RHS) 1/ ...
One of the Largest New Government Spending
One of the Largest New Government Spending

... Notes: Dollar figures are in billions. Figures are based on combined debt. Authors’ calculations based on Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Release Z.1 Flow of Funds Accounts of the United States, Washington, D.C., and data provided by Jason Furman, NYU and CBPP. ...
Word - Statistics Mauritius
Word - Statistics Mauritius

... explained by expected imports of marine vessels. Imports of services, which include insurance and freight paid in respect of imported goods and imports of FISIM, is expected to expand by 6.6% (Table 10). Exports of goods and services would increase by 5.7% to R 198,476 million in 2013 from R 187,688 ...
QUIZ 7: Macro – Winter 2011 Name
QUIZ 7: Macro – Winter 2011 Name

... the interest rate. Economists refer to the absence of long-run effects of money on output and the interest rate by saying that ‘money is neutral in the long-run’. However, as seen in question 3 part 1, a short-term effect of an increase in money supply is an expansion (the AD shifts out because real ...
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia

... Saudi Arabia’s growth strategy is based on key growth-generating factors such as investment, employment, trade, competition and competitiveness. Broad-based investment will contribute largely to the diversification of the economy and generate more job opportunities. Employment generation is expecte ...
Economics- Memo Gr12
Economics- Memo Gr12

... Laffer-curve: if average tax rate was zero no revenue would be raised – if tax rate raised above zero, tax revenues increase – curve slope upwards – then peaks (t) – thereafter tax rates become so high (t1), fall in output is more than rise in tax rate Suggests that cut in high rate of income tax fr ...
Fiscal Policy and Full Employment
Fiscal Policy and Full Employment

... demand and high unemployment in an economy may have destructive consequences for aggregate supply.3 After outlining these ideas in the pages that follow, we discuss policy implications. In an economy with a depressed labor market and monetary policy constrained by the zero bound, there is strong cas ...
Economic Models The selection of variables
Economic Models The selection of variables

... • How would a change in fiscal policy that lowered t0 affect the NED? • Under what circumstances could this result in a natural employment surplus in the future? • How does your argument relate to the national savings rate, including both government savings and private savings? ...
C) Far beyond « Keynesian » fiscal policy :
C) Far beyond « Keynesian » fiscal policy :

... To explain the paradox, one must take care of the set of very stringent postulates upon which explicitly or implicitly the proof of the theorem had relied. I can think of six postulates: PI The sole impact of State outlays is through the private sector plans of spending. PII The structure of the St ...
The Economic Implications of the Long-Term Federal Budget Outlook Marc Labonte
The Economic Implications of the Long-Term Federal Budget Outlook Marc Labonte

... restrain cost growth because much of it is the result of technological innovation that makes new and expensive treatments available. If future medical spending grows more slowly than projected, then the long-term budget outlook improves dramatically. From a government-wide perspective, Social Securi ...
FRBSF E L CONOMIC ETTER
FRBSF E L CONOMIC ETTER

... of shaping private-sector expectations about the future path of short-term interest rates, which affect long-term interest rates and other asset prices, in order to achieve various macroeconomic objectives (McGough, Rudebusch, and Williams 2005). In the current situation, the FOMC (2009) has noted t ...
real interest rate
real interest rate

... Countries with ratios of public debt to GDP above 90% have their GDP decrease by about 0.1% annually.  Reinhart and Rogoff heavily used this finding to defend/promote ...
Embargoed  for  release  at  2:00 ... Economic  Projections  of  Federal  Reserve ...
Embargoed for release at 2:00 ... Economic Projections of Federal Reserve ...

... economy. The September projections were made in conjunction with the meeting of the Federal Open Market Committee on September 12–13, 2012. 1. The central tendency excludes the three highest and three lowest projections for each variable in each year. 2. The range for a variable in a given year incl ...
Should Investors Sell After a “Correction”?
Should Investors Sell After a “Correction”?

... Market timing is a seductive strategy. If we could sell stocks prior to a substantial decline and hold cash instead, our long-run returns could be exponentially higher. But successful market timing is a two-step process: determining when to sell stocks and when to buy them back. Avoiding short-term ...
f06ex3 - Rose
f06ex3 - Rose

... Suppose there are 5 million unemployed workers seeking jobs. After a period of time, 1 million of them became discouraged over their job prospects and cease to look for work. As a result of this, the official unemployment rate would: increase in the short run, but eventually decline. increase while ...
Fiscal Problems - Harvard Kennedy School
Fiscal Problems - Harvard Kennedy School

... – Far from tiring of absorbing ever-greater levels of US treasury securities, global investors continue happily to lend at record-low interest rates (2008-): • The US enjoys safe-haven status; the $ enjoys “exorbitant privilege.” ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... • Big Mac Index ...
Learning Objectives 1 The Nature of Economic Growth
Learning Objectives 1 The Nature of Economic Growth

... eventually falls as each successive unit of the variable factor is added in combination with a fixed amount of another factor. In the Neoclassical model, whenever diminishing returns applies, increases in population lead to increases in GDP but declines in per capita GDP — and thus falling average l ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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