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The natural interest rate: concept, measurement and monetary
The natural interest rate: concept, measurement and monetary

... Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States. Real interest rates are nominal short-term interest rates less expected headline inflation. Nominal interest rates are policy int ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research Volume Title: Privatizing Social Security
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research Volume Title: Privatizing Social Security

... of an unfunded social security p r ~ g r a m . ~ I might just note that, in contrast to this 2.6 percent potential future yield, the rate of return on social security contributions since the inception of the program has been kept artificially high by the sharp increase in the social security tax rat ...
CALCULATING MATURITY VALUE
CALCULATING MATURITY VALUE

... 13. Find the annual rate of simple interest needed for $20,000 to earn $4,345 in 3.5 years. 14. Find the annual rate of simple interest needed for $14,000 to earn $2,765 in 2.5 years. ...
Homework 1
Homework 1

... (d) Dost buys a million liras worth of paper produced in Turkey to be used in the production of books produced by Dost for its own brand name. (e) Dost produces two million liras worth of books under its own brand name by using the Turkish inputs it had bought and spending another million liras on l ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research

... cation), the military, and foreign debt servicing-the tax base for financing these expenditures had always been extremely fragile. Domestic revenues were generally adequate only during periods of high foreign prices of raw materials. When export prices fell, governments generally tried to maintain s ...
Exam
Exam

... B) difference in graduation levels between high school and college. C) percentage increase in the economic growth rate of real GDP. D) difference between actual inflation and core inflation. ...
by Nazmeera Moola - Amazon Web Services
by Nazmeera Moola - Amazon Web Services

... “It is recognised that there may be some economic supply shocks or extraordinary events impacting on CPIX inflation that are unforeseen and beyond the control or influence of monetary policy. Most of these factors reverse over time. It is not possible to specify in advance all the economic shocks th ...
Principles of Economics
Principles of Economics

... Inflation implies a decrease in the purchasing power of a given level of income - e.g., after inflation, $1 buys less than it did before However, wages often increase as price do - which means that , even during inflationary times, the average purchasing power of workers may not fall - i.e., each $1 ...
TAX POLICY AND FISCAL COMPETITION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
TAX POLICY AND FISCAL COMPETITION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

... legislation (affecting tax rates, thresholds, exemptions, etc.) are the main reasons for differences in the amount of tax revenue recorded each year. It should be noted that, even using accrual methods of recording, the effects of changes in legislation or economic activity tend to have a delayed im ...
Engineering Economics - Inside Mines
Engineering Economics - Inside Mines

... If both rates were above the firm's required rate of return there would be no problem and the firm would accept the project. However, what if the required rate of return is 10%? Which of the calculated IRR values is correct? The answers to these questions are that they are both mathematically correc ...
The Zero Bound on Interest Rates and Optimal Monetary Policy
The Zero Bound on Interest Rates and Optimal Monetary Policy

... an intensified commitment to be expansionary in the future (even if the target price level is unchanged). An inflation target, on the other hand, lets “bygones be bygones.” That is, an usual drop in prices today does not affect the course of policy in the future since under inflation targeting a cent ...
CHAPTER NINE
CHAPTER NINE

... exceeds income and households must borrow or use up some of their wealth. E. Average and marginal propensities to consume and save: 1. Define average propensity to consume (APC) as the fraction or % of income consumed (APC = consumption/income). See Column 4 in Table 8.1. 2. Define average propensit ...
Blanchard4e_IM_Ch05
Blanchard4e_IM_Ch05

... equilibrium. The increase in the interest rate will be small to the extent that money demand is not very sensitive to income, but is very sensitive to the interest rate. If money demand is not very sensitive to income, then the excess demand for money created by the increase in G will be small. If ...
Fiscal Policy
Fiscal Policy

... Problems With Fiscal Policy •When there is a recessionary gap what two options does Congress have to fix it? •What’s wrong with combining both? ...
The Finnish Great Depression of the 1990s
The Finnish Great Depression of the 1990s

... between investors and financial intermediates, as well as frictions in the banking system. Second, the financial crisis generated a situation where a significant share of consumption is restricted by households’ ability to borrow in the crisis period. Considering these factors in addition to the in ...
Ramsay, T and Lloyd, C (2010) 'Infrastructure Investment for Full Employment: A Social Democratic Program of Funds Regulation', Journal of Australian Political Economy, No 65.
Ramsay, T and Lloyd, C (2010) 'Infrastructure Investment for Full Employment: A Social Democratic Program of Funds Regulation', Journal of Australian Political Economy, No 65.

... The financial basis for this policy already exists. Australia’s privatised compulsory superannuation scheme for retirement incomes that began in 1992, envisaged as eventually replacing the state-provided old-age pension system, has since grown to contain A$1.035 trillion (Australian Bureau of Statis ...
Charting the projections: 2004-14, Introduction to the projections
Charting the projections: 2004-14, Introduction to the projections

... increase in the employment levels of these larger occupations will be much bigger. For example, in 2004 there were about 1,349,000 carpenters and 62,000 physician assistants. Between 2004 and 2014, employment of physician assistants is projected to grow almost 4 times as fast as carpenters: 50 perce ...
Acct 2220 Zeigler - GQ #3 (Chp 10)
Acct 2220 Zeigler - GQ #3 (Chp 10)

... Investment / periodic cash flow (see pg 308 or Key Formulas H/O & Excel template work) = $320,000 / $62,100 = 5.152979 Table 2 factor = slightly > 14% (Per IRR Excel (see at end) = 14.313%) 22. IF the company had used the DDB depreciation method (rather than straight-line) in the above fact pattern: ...
Understanding the Term Structure of Interest Rates
Understanding the Term Structure of Interest Rates

Darwinian-or-creationist-IDL-1
Darwinian-or-creationist-IDL-1

... Investment conclusion The policies followed by the US today are massively counterproductive. One cannot operate capitalism without a market determined cost of capital anymore than one can create wealth through more and more government expenditures financed with borrowed money, since there is no cre ...
Company Name - University of Wisconsin–La Crosse
Company Name - University of Wisconsin–La Crosse

... policy is the use of taxes, government transfers, or government purchases of goods and services to shift the aggregate demand curve. ...
Econ 102: Problem Set 1
Econ 102: Problem Set 1

... d) An increase in the price of oil used in production. When the price of oil goes up, the expected price level will change. Since oil is an important input in production of almost all goods, the expected price level would increase. As a result, the SRAS curve will shift up. This shift in SRAS would ...
Delaware Investments Global Value Fund - fund
Delaware Investments Global Value Fund - fund

... The value of investments and any income will fluctuate and investors may not get back the full amount invested. Current tax levels and relief may change. Depending on individual circumstances, this may affect investment returns. Where the Fund’s manager has expressed views and opinions, these may ch ...
Chapter 12 - JonathanHeller
Chapter 12 - JonathanHeller

... is used to pay operating expenses. Break-even units are the number of units of sale a business needs to sell to arrive at the break-even point (where the bottom line is zero). Operating Expenses ÷ Gross Profit per Unit = Break-Even Units ...
Corporate Tax Reform and How It Affects Economic Growth
Corporate Tax Reform and How It Affects Economic Growth

... U.S. economic growth has grown at an average annual rate of 2.1 percent for the past 7 years. In the most recent quarter for which the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) has data, the U.S. economy grew at 2.1 percent.[1] The Congressional Budget Office recently projected that U.S. economic growth wou ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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