• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Outlook for Economic Activity and Prices (April 2016, The Bank`s
Outlook for Economic Activity and Prices (April 2016, The Bank`s

... policy decisions and with reference to views incorporated in financial markets regarding future policy. Specifically, each Policy Board member makes an assumption about the future path of shortand long-term interest rates based on their market rates, with the difference in the outlook for prices bet ...
India`s Economic Reforms
India`s Economic Reforms

... polity in which economic reforms can be implemented only if they are based on a sufficiently wide popular consensus. The favourable experience of liberalisation in the 1980s had created an intellectual climate for continuing in the same direction, and the crisis of 1991 certainly "concentrated the m ...
Fund Facts
Fund Facts

... should not be relied upon as such. Opinions expressed herein are subject to change without notice. The services described are provided by CCLA Fund Managers Limited (CCLA), a firm authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority. This document is issued for information purposes only and i ...
Staff Additional Compensation Policy
Staff Additional Compensation Policy

The Decline in the Natural Rate of Interest
The Decline in the Natural Rate of Interest

... 2014, but the estimates of the natural rate are based on the past history of the data on GDP, interest rates, and other model variables only through the date indicated. As can be seen in the figure, the estimate of the natural rate was about 3-1/2 percent for 1990. It fluctuates over time but exhibi ...
Die Johannes Kepler Universität Linz
Die Johannes Kepler Universität Linz

... Conclusions from findings in the public sector:  Public sector no stronghold of collective bargaining any ...
MEASURING GLOBALIZATION
MEASURING GLOBALIZATION

... United States also rank first in technology connectivity basket due to increased number of internet hosts and number of secure servers Due to SARS epidemic tourism in Asia dropped by almost 50% in ...
MEASURING GLOBALIZATION
MEASURING GLOBALIZATION

... United States also rank first in technology connectivity basket due to increased number of internet hosts and number of secure servers Due to SARS epidemic tourism in Asia dropped by almost 50% in ...
VANCOUVER ISLAND UNIVERSITY
VANCOUVER ISLAND UNIVERSITY

... a) the time it takes for monetary policy to have an effect on world financial markets b) the number of times per year a dollar is spent on final goods and services c) the time it takes to produce money d) the time lag from when the money supply is increased until the effect takes place 20. An unempl ...
Marginal Effective Tax Rate
Marginal Effective Tax Rate

... capital that arises from advertising, research, and development. Summers (1987) suggests that the inclusion of these tax-favored assets would reduce the gain from removing the tax-favored status of equipment, but Fullerton and Lyon (1988) show that the 1986 act still provides efficiency gains by red ...
Robert Barro`s remarks
Robert Barro`s remarks

... clear overall evidence that economic growth is fostered by pro-market policies, including wellfunctioning institutions. Note that, for infrastructure, what matters for levels of productivity are service flows from stocks (highways & bridges, Keystone pipeline, etc.), not flows of investment. The lat ...
US Financial Crisis Causes and Its Impact on India
US Financial Crisis Causes and Its Impact on India

... 9.9 per cent in November 2008, when the impact of declining consumer demand in the US and other major global market, with negative growth for the second month, running and widening monthly trade deficit over $10 billions. Official statistics released on the first day of the New Year, showed that exp ...
Life Income Trust Payout Rates
Life Income Trust Payout Rates

... returns. This is especially true if the charitable remainder trust will be a unitrust. When you establish a charitable remainder trust, you are entitled to an income tax deduction, but only based on an actuarial calculation of the “present value” of the expected amount the charity will receive when ...
Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following involves a trade
Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following involves a trade

... (B) Suppose the government choose to reverse the effects of this anxiety by using a fiscal stimulus. What happens to prices and output? Explain. (A) If people feel anxiety about the future, then for any given price level, households and firms want to buy a smaller quantity of goods and services. The ...
BlueBay Investment Grade Bond Fund
BlueBay Investment Grade Bond Fund

... September, which should support Bunds relative to other core rates markets. UK Gilts continue to look vulnerable We are relatively constructive on corporate credit, focused on pockets of value rather than expecting generic spread tightening. In Europe we believe improving growth, continued QE and a ...
Chapter IV- Unemployment
Chapter IV- Unemployment

... for the provision of employment. Evans’ and McCormick’s work in 1994 related the housing market and the convergence of U rates. The big increase in mortgage lending in the 1980s means that there was a greater implications for consumer expenditure when the I is raise in 1990. Higher I are unlikely to ...
ch2
ch2

... Purchases – divert productive resources (land, labor, etc.) away from private use toward government. Includes wages and benefits to govt. employees, suppliers, and contracts to private entities. Most of this is for current services, but some is long term capital investment (roads, buildings, etc.) D ...
Using indicators to monitor real convergence
Using indicators to monitor real convergence

... the EU and those of its components, over the forty years for which information is available, the difference between Spain's GDP per capita and the EU's was cut by 25 percentage points, so that in 2000 Spain's GDP per capita was 83% of the EU's. This process was not a steady one, however, either in t ...
macroeconomic principles (econ
macroeconomic principles (econ

... The SRAS curve shift up until equilibrium is restored (point c). The real wage returns to its original level, so does employment and output. Notice the unemployment rate fell below U* as prices increased. This short run trade-off between inflation and unemployment is called the Phillips curve. ...
Chapters 22 and 26-27 homework - Mr. Sadow`s History Class
Chapters 22 and 26-27 homework - Mr. Sadow`s History Class

... 8. Explain open market operations and their massive importance in our economy. (crucial!) 9. Explain in detail how the FED increases our country’s money supply (decreases unemployment and increases GDP). (crucial!) 10. Explain in detail how the FED decreases our country’s money supply (decrease infl ...
AP ch35 pt
AP ch35 pt

... 62. Refer to the above graph. Assume the economy is at the initial position of B2. An increase in aggregate demand with a corresponding adjustment in inflation expectations and wages will tend to: A. Move the economy to point B3 B. Move the economy to point C2 C. Move the economy to point C1 D. Hav ...
File
File

... Curve analysis that when the actual rate of inflation is greater than the expected rate, the unemployment rate will: A) rise temporarily, but decreases in nominal wages will decrease unemployment to its natural rate and bring the expected and actual rates of inflation into balance. B) rise temporari ...
full version - Institute for Fiscal Studies
full version - Institute for Fiscal Studies

... Default is to tax returns to saving (interest, dividends, capital gains) as well as earnings But… • ISAs: returns tax-exempt (wage tax treatment) • Housing & other durables: ditto • Pensions: expenditure tax treatment ...
Government Policies: - Eg 1
Government Policies: - Eg 1

... The Government has many policies that help to guide them make decisions on various matters that relate to running the country. The policy relating to managing money in the economy is called Monetary Policy. Monetary policy is defined as the action taken by the Reserve bank of New Zealand, with the i ...
foreign exchange risk and diversification
foreign exchange risk and diversification

... • Some emerging markets have earned credit ratings higher than some so-called advanced countries. • Over the last decade some emerging market countries finally developed countercyclical fiscal policies: • They took advantage of the boom years 2003-2008 – to run budget primary surpluses. – By 2007, L ...
< 1 ... 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 ... 371 >

Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report