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chapter 7—long-term debt
chapter 7—long-term debt

... b. This firm has had a rise in the debt, debt/equity, and debt to tangible net worth ratios. The debt to tangible net worth is especially high due to the high amount of excess of cost over fair market value of net assets. The times interest earned figure dropped from a negative 6.51 times in 2009 to ...
September 16, 2010, 10:30 am
September 16, 2010, 10:30 am

... As for the future of public spending, there are widely differing views on the expected levels and trends, from a limited role of the State in total spending and in reallocating resources across generations, to an increased or at least stable public spending in proportion to the economy. It is certai ...
INTEGRYS ENERGY GROUP, INC.
INTEGRYS ENERGY GROUP, INC.

... rates Rate base $198.3 million retail natural gas Return on Equity 10.75% with equity component of 50.31% Key reasons for rate increase request: Inflation $2.0 million Return on equity $0.9 million Labor costs $0.9 million Conservation Improvement Program amortization $0.8 million Integrys Business ...
$doc.title

... Stability and Growth Pact constrain the use of fiscal policy by individual member states as a response to adverse shocks. Second, significant intra-European trade suggests that fiscal transfers that maintain demand in the European periphery – an important source of external demand for the core – al ...
Key Investor Information
Key Investor Information

... and may not be a reliable indicator of the fund's future risk profile. The fund's risk category is not guaranteed to remain fixed and may change over time. A fund in the lowest category does not mean a risk-free investment. The fund is in this category because it can take higher risks in search of h ...
country spreads in emerging countries: who drives whom?
country spreads in emerging countries: who drives whom?

... system has two blocks: a real block and a financial block. The real block contains variables measuring business cycle conditions in the emerging market. Specifically, this block includes three variables: output, investment, and the trade balance-to-output ratio, denoted y(t), i(t), and tby(t), respe ...
Chapter 5 GDP: Measuring Total Production and Income 1) In
Chapter 5 GDP: Measuring Total Production and Income 1) In

... The permanent income hypothesis, developed by Milton Friedman, states that a. consumption spending depends more on a person’s permanent (or lifetime) income than on their current level of income. b. consumption spending depends more on a person’s current level of income than on their permanent (or l ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Summary: How the Government Short-Circuited the Market The Fed drove interest rates to low levels encouraging people to borrow. Fannie and Freddie bought high-risk loans from banks thereby encouraging the banks to make more high risk loans. The resulting surge in demand for housing drove housing pr ...
3. Determinants of Demand for Goods and Services
3. Determinants of Demand for Goods and Services

... • Same decision is made even if firm does not have to borrow for the investment – Uses own funds and forgoes the interest that would have been earned from leaving money in the financial institution Source: Mankiw (2000) Macroeconomics, Chapter 3 p. 42-76 ...
Download (PDF)
Download (PDF)

... countries in the OECD, Europe or North America. Finally, a number of recent papers discuss to what extent the questions raised in the OECD BEPS report require action and how this action should look like. For example, Dharmapala (2014) argues that policy measures to prevent income shifting can not be ...
Chapter 11 Slides PPT
Chapter 11 Slides PPT

... • Firms adjust prices at some point. The speed of price adjustment is an important topic of research in macro economics. • When firms have an unplanned increases or decreases in inventories, they change production and prices And the price level changes when firms change prices. ...
Download (PDF)
Download (PDF)

... countries in the OECD, Europe or North America. Finally, a number of recent papers discuss to what extent the questions raised in the OECD BEPS report require action and how this action should look like. For example, Dharmapala (2014) argues that policy measures to prevent income shifting can not be ...
III. National Income and Price Discrimination (10
III. National Income and Price Discrimination (10

... output (total revenue) increased, but production cost of that unit stayed the same. Profit on that unit will rise, and so it will be produced. Example 5. Let’s say that the price of output (total revenue) increased by 5%, while the production cost increased 1%. Profit on that unit will also rise, so ...
Econ 102 Fall 2004
Econ 102 Fall 2004

... a. Calculate the equilibrium price level and real GDP. Is the economy in the long run equilibrium? b. Suppose the Fed decreases the money supply through open market sales of bonds. Explain the effect of this open market operation on the interest rate, interest-sensitive consumption and investment s ...
Click here to free sample
Click here to free sample

... At $284 billion, French exports of goods exceed imports by $28 billion. Exports of services also exceed imports, by $17 billion. Altogether, exports of goods and services exceed imports by $45 billion. This positive figure is strengthened by positive net income received, but partly offset by negativ ...
MAMS: A Tool for Public Finance and Development Strategy Analysis
MAMS: A Tool for Public Finance and Development Strategy Analysis

... policies? 3. in one or more areas, expands services sufficiently to make use of additional financing from a, b, or c (as defined under 1)? 4. becomes more/less productive, adjusting one or more types of spending or financing in response? ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Research Volume Title: International Dimensions of Monetary Policy
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Research Volume Title: International Dimensions of Monetary Policy

... And while we will certainly have financial crises in the future, the eight-year crisis period has come to an end. Figure 12.2 plots the spread between the interest rates on sovereign debt in emerging market countries and interest rates on U.S. Treasuries. It shows how much risk levels have declined ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research

... costs-shortfalls of actual from potential output in the overall Swedish economy. These policies accomplish other social goals in Sweden, but their economic efficiency costs must be considered in any thoroughgoing cost-benefit analysis of the welfare state. The estimated costs cover a broad range, de ...
The Association Between Living Through a Prolonged Economic
The Association Between Living Through a Prolonged Economic

... of prolonged economic depression may be expected to increase psychological stress, the literature suggests that this would result in a decreasing male:female ratio of liveborn infants, as opposed to the increased ratio that we observed (3, 31). Thus, this does not appear to be a likely explanation f ...
Beyond Lift-Off Scenarios for the Federal Funds Rate
Beyond Lift-Off Scenarios for the Federal Funds Rate

... as September 2015 to as late as March 2016. While the timing of liftoff is interesting, we believe that the subsequent pace of rate increases and the level rates reach are even more important topics. We continue to believe that the FOMC should wait until 2016 to begin raising rates, based on our ass ...
Fiscal Policy
Fiscal Policy

... • So long as the AS curve slopes upward, AD must increase by more than the size of the recessionary gap to achieve full employment • AD shortfall: The amount of additional aggregate demand needed to achieve full employment after allowing for price-level changes ...
M16_Gordon8014701_12_Macro_C16
M16_Gordon8014701_12_Macro_C16

... The Accelerator Hypothesis (cont.) • The accelerator hypothesis assumes that the desired stock of capital (K*) is a multiple of expected sales: K* = v*Ye • Net investment is the change in the capital stock: In = ∆K = K – K-1 Assuming that capital is acquired quickly, In = K* - K*-1  In = v*∆Ye • W ...
The St. Louis Fed`s New Characterization of the Outlook for the U.S.
The St. Louis Fed`s New Characterization of the Outlook for the U.S.

... that formulation, all variables trended toward values that were consistent with the assumed long-run outcome. This includes the policy rate, which trended toward a value 350 basis points higher than it is today. If the Committee moved at a pace of 25 basis points per year, it would take 14 years to ...
Chapter 11
Chapter 11

... After studying this chapter, you will able to  Describe the federal budget process  Describe the recent history of federal expenditures, tax revenues, and the budget deficit  Distinguish between automatic and discretionary fiscal policy  Define and explain the fiscal policy multipliers ...
W P ORKING APERS
W P ORKING APERS

... writers, artists, etc. These are estimated below to represent 9.9 percent of payrolls in 2000, using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Current Population Statistics on full-time workers and the median pay they receive. The third estimate is based on operating margins. If firms are spending a ...
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Pensions crisis

The pensions crisis is a predicted difficulty in paying for corporate, state, and federal pensions in the United States and Europe, due to a difference between pension obligations and the resources set aside to fund them. Shifting demographics are causing a lower ratio of workers per retiree; contributing factors include retirees living longer (increasing the relative number of retirees), and lower birth rates (decreasing the relative number of workers, especially relative to the Post-WW2 Baby Boom). There is significant debate regarding the magnitude and importance of the problem, as well as the solutions.For example, as of 2008, the estimates for the underfunding of U.S. states' pension programs range from $1 trillion using the discount rate of 8% to $3.23 trillion using U.S. Treasury bond yields as the discount rate. The present value of unfunded obligations under Social Security as of August 2010 was approximately $5.4 trillion. In other words, this amount would have to be set aside today such that the principal and interest would cover the program's shortfall between tax revenues and payouts over the next 75 years.Some economists question the concept of funding, and, therefore underfunding. Storing funds by governments, in the form of fiat currencies, is the functional equivalent of storing a collection of their own IOUs. They will be equally inflationary to newly written ones when they do come to be used.Reform ideas are in three primary categories: a) Addressing the worker-retiree ratio, via raising the retirement age, employment policy and immigration policy; b) Reducing obligations via shifting from defined benefit to defined contribution pension types and reducing future payment amounts (by, for example, adjusting the formula that determines the level of benefits); and c) Increasing resources to fund pensions via increasing contribution rates and raising taxes.
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