EUROPEAN COMMISSION Brussels, 22.2.2017 SWD(2017) 84 final
... securities and mostly abroad. Total assets held by pension funds have increased substantially over the last 10 years, from 117 % of GDP in 2005 to 185 % of GDP in 2015. Other key economic issues analysed in this report which point to particular challenges facing the Netherlands' economy are as follo ...
... securities and mostly abroad. Total assets held by pension funds have increased substantially over the last 10 years, from 117 % of GDP in 2005 to 185 % of GDP in 2015. Other key economic issues analysed in this report which point to particular challenges facing the Netherlands' economy are as follo ...
W P ORKING APERS
... writers, artists, etc. These are estimated below to represent 9.9 percent of payrolls in 2000, using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Current Population Statistics on full-time workers and the median pay they receive. The third estimate is based on operating margins. If firms are spending a ...
... writers, artists, etc. These are estimated below to represent 9.9 percent of payrolls in 2000, using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Current Population Statistics on full-time workers and the median pay they receive. The third estimate is based on operating margins. If firms are spending a ...
Chapter 15
... debt–GDP ratio – For the next 35 years, deficits were small or negative, and GDP growth was rapid, so the debt–GDP ratio fell – During the 1980s and early 1990s, the debt– GDP ratio rose because of high deficits – Large surpluses reduced the debt-GDP ratio in the late 1990s, but large deficits raise ...
... debt–GDP ratio – For the next 35 years, deficits were small or negative, and GDP growth was rapid, so the debt–GDP ratio fell – During the 1980s and early 1990s, the debt– GDP ratio rose because of high deficits – Large surpluses reduced the debt-GDP ratio in the late 1990s, but large deficits raise ...
Public Debt, Fiscal Solvency & Macroeconomic Uncertainty in
... Moments of the Stochastic Steady State ...
... Moments of the Stochastic Steady State ...
Chapter 2 R : T
... the tax to GDP ratio. Table 2.9 gives the trends of this ratio over the Plans and on an annual basis for the most recent two years. Though the average annual rate of shift in tax-GDP ratio was (-) 1.06 per cent, the ratio in the current year exceeded the long-term trend by 0.61 percentage points. Th ...
... the tax to GDP ratio. Table 2.9 gives the trends of this ratio over the Plans and on an annual basis for the most recent two years. Though the average annual rate of shift in tax-GDP ratio was (-) 1.06 per cent, the ratio in the current year exceeded the long-term trend by 0.61 percentage points. Th ...
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... be done. In particular, while in the United States there is a well-defined “mainstream” in economics, with other approaches still existing but being marginalised, in Europe one still typically is of the opinion that there are many competing schools that are equally worth considering. The combination ...
... be done. In particular, while in the United States there is a well-defined “mainstream” in economics, with other approaches still existing but being marginalised, in Europe one still typically is of the opinion that there are many competing schools that are equally worth considering. The combination ...
the BP Curve
... BOP Equilibrium: the Slope of the BP Curve The slope of the BP curve depends on how responsive short-term private capital flows are to changes in the interest rate. Points to the right of the BP curve represent BOP deficits, triggering an increase in i, which would cause in increase in capital ...
... BOP Equilibrium: the Slope of the BP Curve The slope of the BP curve depends on how responsive short-term private capital flows are to changes in the interest rate. Points to the right of the BP curve represent BOP deficits, triggering an increase in i, which would cause in increase in capital ...
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
... expected termination benefits provided under existing plans to former or inactive employees after employment but before retirement. These benefits include severance payments, workers’ compensation, disability, medical continuation coverage and other benefits. At December 31, 2011, we had severance a ...
... expected termination benefits provided under existing plans to former or inactive employees after employment but before retirement. These benefits include severance payments, workers’ compensation, disability, medical continuation coverage and other benefits. At December 31, 2011, we had severance a ...
interest rate determination in china:past,present and future
... Our estimation of the policy rate suggests deposit rates would likely to move higher after liberalisation – This argument is also supported by the evidence observed recently: when the PBC increased the ceiling to 110% of benchmark deposit rates, deposit rates offered by banks moved close to the ceil ...
... Our estimation of the policy rate suggests deposit rates would likely to move higher after liberalisation – This argument is also supported by the evidence observed recently: when the PBC increased the ceiling to 110% of benchmark deposit rates, deposit rates offered by banks moved close to the ceil ...
THE THEORY OF THE GLOBAL “SAVINGS GLUT”
... and exchange rate, will have, as we have seen, an income contracting effect for the world economy. If incomes do not contract because of countervailing measures, even then there is no reason for the base values of the three variables anywhere to change at all. It follows that if we notice an expansi ...
... and exchange rate, will have, as we have seen, an income contracting effect for the world economy. If incomes do not contract because of countervailing measures, even then there is no reason for the base values of the three variables anywhere to change at all. It follows that if we notice an expansi ...
3-1
... Different accounting procedures Different fiscal year ends Differences in capital structure Seasonal variations and one-time events Return to Quiz 3-34 ...
... Different accounting procedures Different fiscal year ends Differences in capital structure Seasonal variations and one-time events Return to Quiz 3-34 ...
Economics: Principles and Applications, 2e by Robert E. Hall & Marc
... AS curve will shift upward each year, even when output is at full employment and unemployment is at its natural rate. The upward shift of the AS curve will equal the built-in rate of inflation. ...
... AS curve will shift upward each year, even when output is at full employment and unemployment is at its natural rate. The upward shift of the AS curve will equal the built-in rate of inflation. ...
Credit Constraints and Growth in a Global Economy St´ephane Guibaud (LSE)
... investment rates across countries. Together, these facts pose a challenge to existing open-economy macroeconomic models, which must explain not only why savings can outpace investment in a fast-growing economy, but also why the global equilibrium features asymmetric responses of saving rate, leadin ...
... investment rates across countries. Together, these facts pose a challenge to existing open-economy macroeconomic models, which must explain not only why savings can outpace investment in a fast-growing economy, but also why the global equilibrium features asymmetric responses of saving rate, leadin ...
Are Pension Funds too Important to Fail?
... effects of these crises combined with the structural problems of aging and longevity caused some pension funds to fail. This caused a public debate about the collective pension schemes in the Netherlands. It also raised the question whether pension funds are too important to fail and/or too big to s ...
... effects of these crises combined with the structural problems of aging and longevity caused some pension funds to fail. This caused a public debate about the collective pension schemes in the Netherlands. It also raised the question whether pension funds are too important to fail and/or too big to s ...
A) all firms announce their prices in advance. B) all firms set their
... 3. Of the five endogenous variables in the dynamic model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply, which are the nominal variables that will change in long-run equilibrium if the central bank changes its inflation target? A) Yt , rt, and it B) Yt, it, and Ett + 1 C) t, it, and Ett + 1 D) rt, t, ...
... 3. Of the five endogenous variables in the dynamic model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply, which are the nominal variables that will change in long-run equilibrium if the central bank changes its inflation target? A) Yt , rt, and it B) Yt, it, and Ett + 1 C) t, it, and Ett + 1 D) rt, t, ...
The Demographic Transition in Closed and Open
... Most of the developed world, and in particular the US, Europe and Japan have already reached very high levels of dependency ratios, as measured by the proportion of individuals aged over 65 to those aged between 16 and 64.1 On the other hand, Latin America has just experienced a dramatic drop in fer ...
... Most of the developed world, and in particular the US, Europe and Japan have already reached very high levels of dependency ratios, as measured by the proportion of individuals aged over 65 to those aged between 16 and 64.1 On the other hand, Latin America has just experienced a dramatic drop in fer ...
Fixed versus floating exchange rates and the role of central bank
... presidential candidate. Monetary policy was relaxed in the build-up to elections and, at the same time, the election year rise in public spending had weakened the government’s fiscal position. ...
... presidential candidate. Monetary policy was relaxed in the build-up to elections and, at the same time, the election year rise in public spending had weakened the government’s fiscal position. ...
Increasing Entrepreneurship is a Key to Lowering Poverty Rates
... measures the rate of business creation among adults at the individual owner level each month. As the foundation explains, “Presenting the percentage of the adult, non-business-owner population that starts a business each month, the Kauffman Index captures all new business owners, including those who ...
... measures the rate of business creation among adults at the individual owner level each month. As the foundation explains, “Presenting the percentage of the adult, non-business-owner population that starts a business each month, the Kauffman Index captures all new business owners, including those who ...
Fiscal Policy of Sri Lanka, Past and Future (PDF Available)
... the ensuing years as the economy faced a large number of global and domestic economic and political challenges. In 2001 to 2004, Sri Lanka faced bankruptcy with debt reaching more than 100% of GDP while it has declined to 82.9% of GDP in 2009. In 2002, the economy commenced a gradual recovery. The g ...
... the ensuing years as the economy faced a large number of global and domestic economic and political challenges. In 2001 to 2004, Sri Lanka faced bankruptcy with debt reaching more than 100% of GDP while it has declined to 82.9% of GDP in 2009. In 2002, the economy commenced a gradual recovery. The g ...
Response to HMT consultation on tax deductibility of
... If, for example, a fixed ratio were introduced, with no de minimis or group ratio exception, the impact on UK business, particularly in the private equity and venture capital arena, could be hugely significant in terms of both cost and compliance and an implementation date of 1 April 2017 would leav ...
... If, for example, a fixed ratio were introduced, with no de minimis or group ratio exception, the impact on UK business, particularly in the private equity and venture capital arena, could be hugely significant in terms of both cost and compliance and an implementation date of 1 April 2017 would leav ...
Beyond the liquidity trap: ineffectiveness of monetary policy as an
... Ineffectiveness of monetary policy as an instrument to counteract recessionary pressures is typically related to the concept of liquidity trap. This traditional concept asserts that monetary policy is ineffective in a situation when increase in money supply does not result in falling interest rate b ...
... Ineffectiveness of monetary policy as an instrument to counteract recessionary pressures is typically related to the concept of liquidity trap. This traditional concept asserts that monetary policy is ineffective in a situation when increase in money supply does not result in falling interest rate b ...
MACROECONOMIC CONSTRAINTS AND MEDIUM- TERM GROWTH IN KENYA: A THREE-GAP ANALYSIS
... share of intermediate and capital imports rose from 75% of total imports in 196468 to about 84% in 1974-88. This has made the demand for imports relatively inelastic, making the economy vulnerable to unexpected reductions in the supply of foreign exchange. Other macroeconomic indicators during 1964- ...
... share of intermediate and capital imports rose from 75% of total imports in 196468 to about 84% in 1974-88. This has made the demand for imports relatively inelastic, making the economy vulnerable to unexpected reductions in the supply of foreign exchange. Other macroeconomic indicators during 1964- ...
surplues (+)/deficits(-) adjusted for government
... which yields the same sustainability condition as (5) using the debt-GDP ratio. Suppose that the government has no primary budget balance, i.e., G = T every period and continues borrowing to pay for its interest payments on debt. In such a situation, because the government cannot cover interest paym ...
... which yields the same sustainability condition as (5) using the debt-GDP ratio. Suppose that the government has no primary budget balance, i.e., G = T every period and continues borrowing to pay for its interest payments on debt. In such a situation, because the government cannot cover interest paym ...
Aging, Savings, and Financial Markets
... One implication of the life-cycle hypothesis is that a larger share of elderly people with lower saving rates implies a smaller aggregate saving rate. However, this story does not consider the fact that demographic shifts such as aging occur very slowly and last decades. Thus, for policy makers, sav ...
... One implication of the life-cycle hypothesis is that a larger share of elderly people with lower saving rates implies a smaller aggregate saving rate. However, this story does not consider the fact that demographic shifts such as aging occur very slowly and last decades. Thus, for policy makers, sav ...
The Global Crisis and the Turkish Economy
... in the labour market, prevented unemployment from rising further. The rate of employment, on the other hand, did not rise; in fact it declined, albeit at a marginal pace, throughout the high-growth period of 2002-07. In the recent crisis, the employment rate declined to as low as 38.5% in February 2 ...
... in the labour market, prevented unemployment from rising further. The rate of employment, on the other hand, did not rise; in fact it declined, albeit at a marginal pace, throughout the high-growth period of 2002-07. In the recent crisis, the employment rate declined to as low as 38.5% in February 2 ...