Hippocampus, 22, 1703-1719
... shock intensities have been shown in previous studies to produce retention latencies that can be reduced by treatments impairing amygdalar function and enhanced by treatments enhancing it (Roozendaal et al., 2009). Rats remained in the dark compartment for an additional 15 s after the shock-dark com ...
... shock intensities have been shown in previous studies to produce retention latencies that can be reduced by treatments impairing amygdalar function and enhanced by treatments enhancing it (Roozendaal et al., 2009). Rats remained in the dark compartment for an additional 15 s after the shock-dark com ...
2906_lect8
... Nose contains small ridges, olfactory cleft, and olfactory epithelium Olfactory cleft: A narrow space at the back of the nose into which air flows, where the main olfactory epithelium is located Olfactory epithelium: A secretory mucous membrane in the human nose whose primary function is to dete ...
... Nose contains small ridges, olfactory cleft, and olfactory epithelium Olfactory cleft: A narrow space at the back of the nose into which air flows, where the main olfactory epithelium is located Olfactory epithelium: A secretory mucous membrane in the human nose whose primary function is to dete ...
Modulation of Inhibition of Return by the Dopamine D2 Receptor
... that overall task performance was not determined by baseline striatal DA levels. However, there was a significant interaction of the effects of drug and order of drug administration (F1,15 = 23.23, P < 0.01). Specifically, if participants were administered placebo in the first session and bromocript ...
... that overall task performance was not determined by baseline striatal DA levels. However, there was a significant interaction of the effects of drug and order of drug administration (F1,15 = 23.23, P < 0.01). Specifically, if participants were administered placebo in the first session and bromocript ...
Orexins and fear: implications for the treatment of - e
... the HPC and the prelimbic portion of the mPFC (dorsomedial PFC in humans). The HPC is responsible for assembling the different components of the contextual cues into a single representation of the context [20], and transmitting this information to the AMY. On the other hand, the prelimbic portion of ...
... the HPC and the prelimbic portion of the mPFC (dorsomedial PFC in humans). The HPC is responsible for assembling the different components of the contextual cues into a single representation of the context [20], and transmitting this information to the AMY. On the other hand, the prelimbic portion of ...
Fear Models in Animals and Humans
... learning about germs and their consequences through verbal instruction from parents and others, we routinely take preventative steps to diminish their potentially harmful effects. For some, this symbolic knowledge of the dangers of germs results in unwarranted fear and excessive preventative measure ...
... learning about germs and their consequences through verbal instruction from parents and others, we routinely take preventative steps to diminish their potentially harmful effects. For some, this symbolic knowledge of the dangers of germs results in unwarranted fear and excessive preventative measure ...
Neurobiological Mechanisms of the Placebo Effect
... Recently, Parkinson’s disease has emerged as an interesting model to understand the neurobiological mechanisms of the placebo response. In this case, patients are given an inert substance (the placebo) and are told that it is an antiparkinsonian drug that produces an improvement in their motor perfo ...
... Recently, Parkinson’s disease has emerged as an interesting model to understand the neurobiological mechanisms of the placebo response. In this case, patients are given an inert substance (the placebo) and are told that it is an antiparkinsonian drug that produces an improvement in their motor perfo ...
Contrasting Effects of Reward Expectation on Sensory and Motor
... Before examining the effect of reward condition on the directional selectivity, we removed cells whose activities varied as a function of the visual attributes of the cue. We performed a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the activities during delays 1 and 2 (cue location versus reward conditio ...
... Before examining the effect of reward condition on the directional selectivity, we removed cells whose activities varied as a function of the visual attributes of the cue. We performed a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the activities during delays 1 and 2 (cue location versus reward conditio ...
Neuropsychiatric effects of caffeine
... disorder; caffeine-induced sleep disorder; and caffeine-related disorder not otherwise specified. Caffeine withdrawal is included in the Appendix to DSM–IV under ‘Criteria sets and axes provided for further study’. The ICD–10 (World Health Organization, 1992) is less specific. It recognises ‘Mental ...
... disorder; caffeine-induced sleep disorder; and caffeine-related disorder not otherwise specified. Caffeine withdrawal is included in the Appendix to DSM–IV under ‘Criteria sets and axes provided for further study’. The ICD–10 (World Health Organization, 1992) is less specific. It recognises ‘Mental ...
Document
... TB_02_20 Neurons: The Messengers_Understand_LO 2.2 If an incoming message is not strong enough to cause a neuron to fire, it may cause a shift in the electrical charge of just a tiny area of the neuron. This shift, which quickly fades away, is called a(n) ________. a. resting potential b. action pot ...
... TB_02_20 Neurons: The Messengers_Understand_LO 2.2 If an incoming message is not strong enough to cause a neuron to fire, it may cause a shift in the electrical charge of just a tiny area of the neuron. This shift, which quickly fades away, is called a(n) ________. a. resting potential b. action pot ...
Reading Words in Discourse: The Modulation of - UNC
... extralinguistic information to allow a reader or a listener to derive a message-level meaning. Here, we review two well-established and consistently demonstrated lexical priming effects: repetition priming and semantic association priming. These effects are known to arise when words with a certain r ...
... extralinguistic information to allow a reader or a listener to derive a message-level meaning. Here, we review two well-established and consistently demonstrated lexical priming effects: repetition priming and semantic association priming. These effects are known to arise when words with a certain r ...
facing page
... (CA1 and CA3) we detected significant cell loss in the pyramidal cell layer, those with a high concentration of pyramidal cells) and the radial and oriental layers (where interneurons were mostly located) (Figs. 1 and 2). In both age groups, the loss of pyramidal cells was much more substantial than ...
... (CA1 and CA3) we detected significant cell loss in the pyramidal cell layer, those with a high concentration of pyramidal cells) and the radial and oriental layers (where interneurons were mostly located) (Figs. 1 and 2). In both age groups, the loss of pyramidal cells was much more substantial than ...
Coordinated Interaction between Hippocampal Sharp
... cingulate cortex (ACC) has been shown to be crucial for expression and likely storage of long-term memory. However, little is known about how ACC activity is influenced by hippocampal ripple activity during sleep. We report here about coordinated interactions between hippocampal ripple activity and ...
... cingulate cortex (ACC) has been shown to be crucial for expression and likely storage of long-term memory. However, little is known about how ACC activity is influenced by hippocampal ripple activity during sleep. We report here about coordinated interactions between hippocampal ripple activity and ...
Drosophila as a Model Organism for the Study of
... Sect. 3.4 below). While this makes Drosophila a good model for some features of addiction and dopaminergic function, the behavioral roles of dopaminergic neurons will be specific to the circuits that they belong to. For example, addictive substances often work partly by increasing the effects of dop ...
... Sect. 3.4 below). While this makes Drosophila a good model for some features of addiction and dopaminergic function, the behavioral roles of dopaminergic neurons will be specific to the circuits that they belong to. For example, addictive substances often work partly by increasing the effects of dop ...
Altered fear learning across development in both mouse and human
... inappropriate fear responses. Existing treatments, such as exposure therapy, are based on principles of fear extinction, during which cues previously associated with threat are presented in the absence of the initial aversive event until cues are considered safe and fear responses are reduced. Extin ...
... inappropriate fear responses. Existing treatments, such as exposure therapy, are based on principles of fear extinction, during which cues previously associated with threat are presented in the absence of the initial aversive event until cues are considered safe and fear responses are reduced. Extin ...
- CUNY Academic Works - The City University of New York
... In this dissertation, I trace the complex black literary trope of errant memory through American and African American literature. Authors of African descent are constantly subjected to what I call Africanity, or the paratextual historicizing elements provided by white interlocutors that seek to impo ...
... In this dissertation, I trace the complex black literary trope of errant memory through American and African American literature. Authors of African descent are constantly subjected to what I call Africanity, or the paratextual historicizing elements provided by white interlocutors that seek to impo ...
Neural Mechanisms of Reward in Insects - Chittka Lab
... Another difficulty is that currently there is no good bioassay to explore liking of reward independently from wanting of reward in insects. Mammalian model systems have relied on judgments of orofacial reactions to assess liking (6, 7), but that obviously has no direct parallel for insects with their ...
... Another difficulty is that currently there is no good bioassay to explore liking of reward independently from wanting of reward in insects. Mammalian model systems have relied on judgments of orofacial reactions to assess liking (6, 7), but that obviously has no direct parallel for insects with their ...
Drugs The Straight Facts, Morphine
... that poppy plant crops are not grown elsewhere. In fact, unregulated crops of poppy plants are found in great abundance in Myanmar (formerly known as Burma), Laos, Thailand, Afghanistan, Mexico, and Colombia. The production of opiates in these countries, however, is usually for illicit black-market ...
... that poppy plant crops are not grown elsewhere. In fact, unregulated crops of poppy plants are found in great abundance in Myanmar (formerly known as Burma), Laos, Thailand, Afghanistan, Mexico, and Colombia. The production of opiates in these countries, however, is usually for illicit black-market ...
Plasticity-related genes in brain development and amygdala
... memory (Kandel & O’Dell 1992). Throughout life, neural plasticity is necessary to provide adaptive and enduring refinement of the brain and behavior. Brain structure and function must be permanently altered in the face of developmental cues, and comparable long-term alterations are thought to be the ...
... memory (Kandel & O’Dell 1992). Throughout life, neural plasticity is necessary to provide adaptive and enduring refinement of the brain and behavior. Brain structure and function must be permanently altered in the face of developmental cues, and comparable long-term alterations are thought to be the ...
Changing Fear: The Neurocircuitry of Emotion Regulation
... previously threatening stimulus no longer signals danger. Cognitive emotion regulation involves using various mental strategies to modify a fear response. In active coping, fear is regulated through the performance of behaviors that reduce exposure to a fear-evoking stimulus. Finally, a fear memory ...
... previously threatening stimulus no longer signals danger. Cognitive emotion regulation involves using various mental strategies to modify a fear response. In active coping, fear is regulated through the performance of behaviors that reduce exposure to a fear-evoking stimulus. Finally, a fear memory ...
review neurochemical markers of alcoholism vulnerability in humans
... drugs other than alcohol (acting on one or more of the five neurotransmitter systems under review). This is because any individual variation in sensitivity to the effects of alcohol (or other challenge drugs) might be associated with a variation in the risk of alcoholism (Schuckit et al., 1983; Schu ...
... drugs other than alcohol (acting on one or more of the five neurotransmitter systems under review). This is because any individual variation in sensitivity to the effects of alcohol (or other challenge drugs) might be associated with a variation in the risk of alcoholism (Schuckit et al., 1983; Schu ...
Caffeine promotes glutamate and histamine release in the posterior
... In addition to the microdialysis assay for glutamate release, we used a glutamate sensor (Pinnacle Technology) in a separate group of rats (n ⫽ 3) to measure the release of glutamate in the PH-TMN with a higher temporal resolution (20). The glutamate sensor is an enzymebased biosensor designed for t ...
... In addition to the microdialysis assay for glutamate release, we used a glutamate sensor (Pinnacle Technology) in a separate group of rats (n ⫽ 3) to measure the release of glutamate in the PH-TMN with a higher temporal resolution (20). The glutamate sensor is an enzymebased biosensor designed for t ...
A Review of Cell Assemblies by Huyck and
... Subsequently, substantial direct evidence has supported population coding over equipotentiality, for example, a review shows population coding is used in a wide range of brain areas (Schoenbaum, 1998). Much of the evidence for population coding, and other phenomena, is derived from the widely used t ...
... Subsequently, substantial direct evidence has supported population coding over equipotentiality, for example, a review shows population coding is used in a wide range of brain areas (Schoenbaum, 1998). Much of the evidence for population coding, and other phenomena, is derived from the widely used t ...
Rapid induction of false memory for pictures
... 1996). In the past 15 years, this susceptibility has generated much research into what is broadly defined as “false memory,” although the use of this term has recently attracted some controversy (see DePrince, Allard, & Freyd, 2004; Pezdek & Lam, 2007; Wade et al., 2007). For our purposes, it suffic ...
... 1996). In the past 15 years, this susceptibility has generated much research into what is broadly defined as “false memory,” although the use of this term has recently attracted some controversy (see DePrince, Allard, & Freyd, 2004; Pezdek & Lam, 2007; Wade et al., 2007). For our purposes, it suffic ...
a full bladder is sometimes a boon
... Wadhwa, Shiv and Nowlis (2008) provide similar evidence. Thus, prior research suggests the existence of a general reward system with a neurological basis. The reward system can be triggered by reward-related cues, which results in an increased preference for reward-providing cues in general, indepen ...
... Wadhwa, Shiv and Nowlis (2008) provide similar evidence. Thus, prior research suggests the existence of a general reward system with a neurological basis. The reward system can be triggered by reward-related cues, which results in an increased preference for reward-providing cues in general, indepen ...