The Perirhinal, Entorhinal, and Parahippocampal Cortices and
... such as perceptual and motor skill learning, priming, habit formation, working memory, and memories for facts, events, and verbal semantic memories remote from his surgery (Corkin 1984). These functions enabled him to perform normally in many tasks including his avid crossword puzzle hobby (Skotko e ...
... such as perceptual and motor skill learning, priming, habit formation, working memory, and memories for facts, events, and verbal semantic memories remote from his surgery (Corkin 1984). These functions enabled him to perform normally in many tasks including his avid crossword puzzle hobby (Skotko e ...
Background Paper 3 - Yale School of Medicine
... Even in the absence of pathological conditions such as AD, some elderly individuals are cognitively-impaired relative to adults, whereas others show cognitive abilities well within the range of healthy adult performance. This phenomenon can be observed in mice, rats, rhesus monkeys, and humans: see ...
... Even in the absence of pathological conditions such as AD, some elderly individuals are cognitively-impaired relative to adults, whereas others show cognitive abilities well within the range of healthy adult performance. This phenomenon can be observed in mice, rats, rhesus monkeys, and humans: see ...
Synaptic Pruning in Development: A Novel Account in Neural Terms
... 1995] and the dentate gyrus [Eckenho and Rakic, 1991]. The time scale of synaptic elimination was found to vary between di erent cortical areas, coarsely following a dorsal to frontal order [Rakic et al., 1994]. Larger temporal di erences were found between species; in some species, the peak level ...
... 1995] and the dentate gyrus [Eckenho and Rakic, 1991]. The time scale of synaptic elimination was found to vary between di erent cortical areas, coarsely following a dorsal to frontal order [Rakic et al., 1994]. Larger temporal di erences were found between species; in some species, the peak level ...
Chapter 13 Stress and Glucocorticoid Contributions to Normal and
... [56] for a review). Stressors given immediately prior to assessment of learning and memory may similarly impair [57, 58] or facilitate [59] memory. The effects of repeated stress or GC exposure appear more uniform. Chronic stress consistently impairs measures of brain function. For example, chronic ...
... [56] for a review). Stressors given immediately prior to assessment of learning and memory may similarly impair [57, 58] or facilitate [59] memory. The effects of repeated stress or GC exposure appear more uniform. Chronic stress consistently impairs measures of brain function. For example, chronic ...
computational and in vitro studies of persistent activity
... and structural properties of the system. The surface B presents a monostable configuration, so that the ball always ends up in the same location irrespective of where it started. This particular case shows that monostable systems are not useful to encode a memory, because there is no way that one ca ...
... and structural properties of the system. The surface B presents a monostable configuration, so that the ball always ends up in the same location irrespective of where it started. This particular case shows that monostable systems are not useful to encode a memory, because there is no way that one ca ...
DOPAMINERGIC AUGMENTATION of HUMAN FEAR EXTINCTION
... Everybody experienced emotional states of fear during their lifetime and no one has enjoyed this situation. Nevertheless, fear is an essential part of our emotional sensations (e.g. Öhman et al. 2004) and has crucial influence on our behaviour and thinking in our “emotional brain” (e.g. LeDoux 1998) ...
... Everybody experienced emotional states of fear during their lifetime and no one has enjoyed this situation. Nevertheless, fear is an essential part of our emotional sensations (e.g. Öhman et al. 2004) and has crucial influence on our behaviour and thinking in our “emotional brain” (e.g. LeDoux 1998) ...
Carlisi_preprint_revisions2
... (Bullmore et al., 2001, Bullmore et al., 1999b). For these comparisons, p<0.05 (voxel-level) and p<0.05 (cluster-level) were used. Standardized BOLD responses were then extracted from significant clusters for each participant and plotted to determine direction of effects. Correlations with behaviour ...
... (Bullmore et al., 2001, Bullmore et al., 1999b). For these comparisons, p<0.05 (voxel-level) and p<0.05 (cluster-level) were used. Standardized BOLD responses were then extracted from significant clusters for each participant and plotted to determine direction of effects. Correlations with behaviour ...
Here - Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience
... their environment. Here we attempt to develop a model of the uses of these internal representations in spatial memory, incorporating data from single-unit recording systems, neuroscience and behavioral studies, and describing how each relates to the other. Central questions in the cognitive neurosci ...
... their environment. Here we attempt to develop a model of the uses of these internal representations in spatial memory, incorporating data from single-unit recording systems, neuroscience and behavioral studies, and describing how each relates to the other. Central questions in the cognitive neurosci ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex
... were chosen to approximately match previous electrophysiological studies (Plata-Salaman et al., 1995; Katz et al., 2001, 2002). All chemicals were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO) and were reagent grade. In addition to being used as a rinse, water was also considered to be a tastant (de Araujo et ...
... were chosen to approximately match previous electrophysiological studies (Plata-Salaman et al., 1995; Katz et al., 2001, 2002). All chemicals were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO) and were reagent grade. In addition to being used as a rinse, water was also considered to be a tastant (de Araujo et ...
Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking
... were chosen to approximately match previous electrophysiological studies (Plata-Salaman et al., 1995; Katz et al., 2001, 2002). All chemicals were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO) and were reagent grade. In addition to being used as a rinse, water was also considered to be a tastant (de Araujo et ...
... were chosen to approximately match previous electrophysiological studies (Plata-Salaman et al., 1995; Katz et al., 2001, 2002). All chemicals were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO) and were reagent grade. In addition to being used as a rinse, water was also considered to be a tastant (de Araujo et ...
IMAGERY PERSPECTIVE AND MEMORY RECALL 1 Accepted for
... the recalled event in terms of its broader context or meaning in an individuals’ life, with the meaning of such events in relation to the self-concept becoming more salient, which as a result can either decrease or increase the emotional power (Libby & Eibach, 2011). Although behavioral research pro ...
... the recalled event in terms of its broader context or meaning in an individuals’ life, with the meaning of such events in relation to the self-concept becoming more salient, which as a result can either decrease or increase the emotional power (Libby & Eibach, 2011). Although behavioral research pro ...
Brief neonatal maternal separation alters extinction of conditioned
... nearby room and placed in an incubator (Ambient Room Temperature Incubator; Avey Incubator; Evergreen, CO) maintained at room temperature (22.5 6 0.58C) for the duration of the separation period. Pups subjected to gentle handling were taken to a nearby thermostat-controlled room maintained at *238C ...
... nearby room and placed in an incubator (Ambient Room Temperature Incubator; Avey Incubator; Evergreen, CO) maintained at room temperature (22.5 6 0.58C) for the duration of the separation period. Pups subjected to gentle handling were taken to a nearby thermostat-controlled room maintained at *238C ...
Behavioural Brain Research Learning processing in the basal ganglia
... At the first half of the last century, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases were known by their motor disabilities. The discovery that these diseases are caused by the degeneration of components of the basal ganglia led to the theory that this system is exclusively involved in motor functions [13,55 ...
... At the first half of the last century, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases were known by their motor disabilities. The discovery that these diseases are caused by the degeneration of components of the basal ganglia led to the theory that this system is exclusively involved in motor functions [13,55 ...
On the use of cognitive maps - David Redish
... experience only, model-based reinforcement algorithms represent sensory or state information beyond the modeled animal’s current sensory experience. As a result, model-based reinforcement learning provides a principled approach to analysis of neural representations and the dynamic processes that sup ...
... experience only, model-based reinforcement algorithms represent sensory or state information beyond the modeled animal’s current sensory experience. As a result, model-based reinforcement learning provides a principled approach to analysis of neural representations and the dynamic processes that sup ...
4 - Radboud Repository
... stressors. Our coordinated and complex stress response is activated whenever we encounter something we appraise as stressful, irrespective of whether it is a lion or a driving examiner standing in front of us. As Ron de Kloet, one of the Dutch pioneers in stress research, stated: ‘Stress is a state ...
... stressors. Our coordinated and complex stress response is activated whenever we encounter something we appraise as stressful, irrespective of whether it is a lion or a driving examiner standing in front of us. As Ron de Kloet, one of the Dutch pioneers in stress research, stated: ‘Stress is a state ...
The Wick in the Candle of Learning
... normalized (i.e., the individual’s mean curiosity was subtracted from each rating, and the resulting value was divided by that individual’s standard deviation). The confidence scale ranged from 0 to 100%, but was rescaled to range from 0 to 1. Verbal or typed responses are not easy to collect in a s ...
... normalized (i.e., the individual’s mean curiosity was subtracted from each rating, and the resulting value was divided by that individual’s standard deviation). The confidence scale ranged from 0 to 100%, but was rescaled to range from 0 to 1. Verbal or typed responses are not easy to collect in a s ...
What Keeps Us Awake: the Neuropharmacology of Stimulants and
... hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.35-37 A key contribution in the etiology of narcolepsy was provided by several studies linking the hypocretin/orexin system to this disease. First, two different animal models with an impaired hypocretin/orexin system—genetic narcoleptic dogs with a mutation in th ...
... hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.35-37 A key contribution in the etiology of narcolepsy was provided by several studies linking the hypocretin/orexin system to this disease. First, two different animal models with an impaired hypocretin/orexin system—genetic narcoleptic dogs with a mutation in th ...
The Neuropsychopharmacology of Stimulants
... showed that some regions of the brain, particularly the basal ganglia that includes the striatum and nucleus accumbens, were enriched in dopamine and had very little norepinephrine (Cooper et al., 2003). Following these discoveries, dopamine’s importance in coordinating motor control, Parkinson’s Di ...
... showed that some regions of the brain, particularly the basal ganglia that includes the striatum and nucleus accumbens, were enriched in dopamine and had very little norepinephrine (Cooper et al., 2003). Following these discoveries, dopamine’s importance in coordinating motor control, Parkinson’s Di ...
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... maintenance of hedonic states. In the present study, we investigated whether neurons in the dMHb regulate mood-related behaviors by testing dMHbCKO mice in models of fear (conditioned fear) and depression (tail suspension test, learned helplessness). We found that mice with dMHb lesions do not exhib ...
... maintenance of hedonic states. In the present study, we investigated whether neurons in the dMHb regulate mood-related behaviors by testing dMHbCKO mice in models of fear (conditioned fear) and depression (tail suspension test, learned helplessness). We found that mice with dMHb lesions do not exhib ...
A Cortical Substrate for Memory
... periodic train of auditory clicks was played. Click rates higher than 50 clicks/s indicated that a water reward would be available from the left port; click rates lower than 50 clicks/s indicated reward would be available from the right port. On memory trials (orange), the click train was played nea ...
... periodic train of auditory clicks was played. Click rates higher than 50 clicks/s indicated that a water reward would be available from the left port; click rates lower than 50 clicks/s indicated reward would be available from the right port. On memory trials (orange), the click train was played nea ...
A Neural Network of Adaptively Timed Reinforcement
... its attentional focus and releases exploratory behavior aimed at finding food somewhere else? Alternatively, if the animal does wait, but food does not appear after the two seconds have elapsed, why does the animal then react to the unexpected nonoccurrence of food by becoming frustrated, shifting i ...
... its attentional focus and releases exploratory behavior aimed at finding food somewhere else? Alternatively, if the animal does wait, but food does not appear after the two seconds have elapsed, why does the animal then react to the unexpected nonoccurrence of food by becoming frustrated, shifting i ...
14. Development and Plasticity
... all presynaptic spike trains) in simulation of an IF-neuron with 1000 input channels. The spike trains that lead to the results shown by stars were generated with each weight value fixed to value 0.015. The cross-correlations are consistent with zero when considered within the variance indicated by ...
... all presynaptic spike trains) in simulation of an IF-neuron with 1000 input channels. The spike trains that lead to the results shown by stars were generated with each weight value fixed to value 0.015. The cross-correlations are consistent with zero when considered within the variance indicated by ...
Transfer Effects and Conditional Learning in Rats With Selective
... The test apparatus was constructed according to the specifications of Bussey and colleagues (Bussey et al., 1994, 1997). A clear Plexiglas box (0.50 m ⫻ 0.25 m ⫻ 0.50 m) with a metal floor was fitted with a touch-sensitive computer screen on one end (Carroll Touch, Round Rock, TX). On the opposite e ...
... The test apparatus was constructed according to the specifications of Bussey and colleagues (Bussey et al., 1994, 1997). A clear Plexiglas box (0.50 m ⫻ 0.25 m ⫻ 0.50 m) with a metal floor was fitted with a touch-sensitive computer screen on one end (Carroll Touch, Round Rock, TX). On the opposite e ...
14. Development and Plasticity
... all presynaptic spike trains) in simulation of an IF-neuron with 1000 input channels. The spike trains that lead to the results shown by stars were generated with each weight value fixed to value 0.015. The cross-correlations are consistent with zero when considered within the variance indicated by ...
... all presynaptic spike trains) in simulation of an IF-neuron with 1000 input channels. The spike trains that lead to the results shown by stars were generated with each weight value fixed to value 0.015. The cross-correlations are consistent with zero when considered within the variance indicated by ...