Toward a Definition of Self: Proteomic Evaluation of the Class I
... MHC class I molecules present host- and pathogen-derived peptides for immune surveillance. Much attention is given to the search for viral and tumor nonself peptide epitopes, yet the question remains, “What is self?” Analyses of Edman motifs and of small sets of individual peptides suggest that the ...
... MHC class I molecules present host- and pathogen-derived peptides for immune surveillance. Much attention is given to the search for viral and tumor nonself peptide epitopes, yet the question remains, “What is self?” Analyses of Edman motifs and of small sets of individual peptides suggest that the ...
Chapter 4 Dendritic cells secrete and target MHC class II carrying
... (reviewed in (1)) Pathogens that invade peripheral tissues are taken up by DC via endocytic mechanisms and transferred to endosomes/lysosomes for proteolytic processing, after which resulting peptides can be loaded onto Major Histocompatibility Complexes (MHC) class II. In addition, associated patho ...
... (reviewed in (1)) Pathogens that invade peripheral tissues are taken up by DC via endocytic mechanisms and transferred to endosomes/lysosomes for proteolytic processing, after which resulting peptides can be loaded onto Major Histocompatibility Complexes (MHC) class II. In addition, associated patho ...
Immuno-Quiz - Ruhr-Universität Bochum
... Name the humoral and cellular factors of the innate immunity. ...
... Name the humoral and cellular factors of the innate immunity. ...
Reitmaier, Rick: Review of Immunoinformatic Approaches to In-silico B-Cell Epitope Prediction
... segments that have been cleaved from antigenic proteins. Because of the constraint that the epitopes must be linear along the polypeptide chain, many sequence based algorithms are highly applicable to T-cell investigation. The case is markedly different for B-cells, wherein the amino acids involved ...
... segments that have been cleaved from antigenic proteins. Because of the constraint that the epitopes must be linear along the polypeptide chain, many sequence based algorithms are highly applicable to T-cell investigation. The case is markedly different for B-cells, wherein the amino acids involved ...
Nature of the Immune System The Immune Response
... antibody binding can be likened to a "lock and key". Antibodies of different degrees of specificity may be produced in the immune response to a given antigen. "Poor fit" of an antigen with an antibody is in response to the antigen reacting with an antibody produced in response to an entirely diffe ...
... antibody binding can be likened to a "lock and key". Antibodies of different degrees of specificity may be produced in the immune response to a given antigen. "Poor fit" of an antigen with an antibody is in response to the antigen reacting with an antibody produced in response to an entirely diffe ...
2004 Annual Workshop Executive Summary
... defined sequence, and the phylogenetic origin and conservation of the epitope structure in related organisms. The IEDB will also include available 3-D structures of antibody epitopes, antibody/epitope complexes, epitope/MHC and epitope/MHC/TCR complexes. Other properties, such as antigenicity and im ...
... defined sequence, and the phylogenetic origin and conservation of the epitope structure in related organisms. The IEDB will also include available 3-D structures of antibody epitopes, antibody/epitope complexes, epitope/MHC and epitope/MHC/TCR complexes. Other properties, such as antigenicity and im ...
Solid Organ Transplantation
... immunosuppressant for preventing allograft rejection. CsA has a selective (but reversible) inhibitory effect on T helper lymphocytes by blocking the production of IL-2, IFN-g, IL-4 and other cytokines. In particular, in the cytoplasm CsA binds to immunophilin (CyPA) and CsA-CyPA complex blocks the f ...
... immunosuppressant for preventing allograft rejection. CsA has a selective (but reversible) inhibitory effect on T helper lymphocytes by blocking the production of IL-2, IFN-g, IL-4 and other cytokines. In particular, in the cytoplasm CsA binds to immunophilin (CyPA) and CsA-CyPA complex blocks the f ...
Xenopus in the Amphibian Ancestral Organization of the MHC
... tropicalis has been selected as a model organism for a whole genome sequencing project (具www.jgi.doe.gov/xenopus典). BAC libraries have been constructed and available to the public for analysis and genetic manipulation. In addition, different sources of expressed sequences have been deposited into th ...
... tropicalis has been selected as a model organism for a whole genome sequencing project (具www.jgi.doe.gov/xenopus典). BAC libraries have been constructed and available to the public for analysis and genetic manipulation. In addition, different sources of expressed sequences have been deposited into th ...
Lineage Commitment During T cell Development
... The pre-Ta/b chain dimer promotes increased CD3 expression and induces a ligandindependent signal, perhaps because of constitutive localization to lipid rafts or constitutive dimerization (unusual preTalpha structure), that is responsible for maturation and probably shut off RAG expression and furth ...
... The pre-Ta/b chain dimer promotes increased CD3 expression and induces a ligandindependent signal, perhaps because of constitutive localization to lipid rafts or constitutive dimerization (unusual preTalpha structure), that is responsible for maturation and probably shut off RAG expression and furth ...
Sequence Variation and Gene Duplication at
... a very high risk of becoming extinct in the near future. In this study we present a first step in the molecular characterization of a DQB-like locus of baiji by nucleotide sequence analysis of the polymorphic exon 2 segments. In the examined 172 bp sequences from a group of 18 incidentally captured ...
... a very high risk of becoming extinct in the near future. In this study we present a first step in the molecular characterization of a DQB-like locus of baiji by nucleotide sequence analysis of the polymorphic exon 2 segments. In the examined 172 bp sequences from a group of 18 incidentally captured ...
GENETIC CONTROL OF IMMUNE RESPONSIVENESS: A REVIEW
... immune system. For instance, the repertoire of cells and antibodies that an individual develops during ontogeny is under genetic control. In adult animals, antibody-producing ability is controlled by multiple genes that have been postulated to correlate with resistance to disease. Biozzi et al. (197 ...
... immune system. For instance, the repertoire of cells and antibodies that an individual develops during ontogeny is under genetic control. In adult animals, antibody-producing ability is controlled by multiple genes that have been postulated to correlate with resistance to disease. Biozzi et al. (197 ...
Overview of the Immune System
... operate independently of each other; they function as a highly interactive and cooperative system, producing a total response more effective than either could alone. ...
... operate independently of each other; they function as a highly interactive and cooperative system, producing a total response more effective than either could alone. ...
CD1 and lipid antigens
... competition with cellular glycolipids preloaded in the secretory pathway. One possibility is that additional factors present in endosomal compartments help in the removal of preloaded lipids and assist in the loading of endosomal lipids. Alternatively, a chaperone protein might bind CD1, prevent loa ...
... competition with cellular glycolipids preloaded in the secretory pathway. One possibility is that additional factors present in endosomal compartments help in the removal of preloaded lipids and assist in the loading of endosomal lipids. Alternatively, a chaperone protein might bind CD1, prevent loa ...
Slide 1
... Blocking co-stimulatory signals at the time of transplantation can cause anergy instead of activation of the T cells reactive against the graft. T-cell activation requires both the interaction of the TCR with its ligand and the reaction of co-stimulatory receptors with their ligands (a). In (b), co ...
... Blocking co-stimulatory signals at the time of transplantation can cause anergy instead of activation of the T cells reactive against the graft. T-cell activation requires both the interaction of the TCR with its ligand and the reaction of co-stimulatory receptors with their ligands (a). In (b), co ...
Equine allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells
... The use of autologous mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of acute injuries is hindered by the time required to isolate and expand the cells in culture. The genetic background and age of the patient can also affect the quantity and quality of MSCs able to be cultured, making aut ...
... The use of autologous mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of acute injuries is hindered by the time required to isolate and expand the cells in culture. The genetic background and age of the patient can also affect the quantity and quality of MSCs able to be cultured, making aut ...
ImVacS 2012 Immunotherapeutics and Vaccine
... hemocyanin oxygen-carrier protein constituted also an extremely effective antigen-carrier for inducing immunity, heralded uses in a variety of vaccines including more than 18 active human clinical trials for treatments of Alzheimer’s disease, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Human uses of KLH have al ...
... hemocyanin oxygen-carrier protein constituted also an extremely effective antigen-carrier for inducing immunity, heralded uses in a variety of vaccines including more than 18 active human clinical trials for treatments of Alzheimer’s disease, autoimmune diseases and cancer. Human uses of KLH have al ...
Immune Cells
... receptors that attach to MHC proteins and “see” the antigen • They also have antigen receptors • Only those T cells whose antigen receptors “fit” the antigen being displayed will respond to it Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ...
... receptors that attach to MHC proteins and “see” the antigen • They also have antigen receptors • Only those T cells whose antigen receptors “fit” the antigen being displayed will respond to it Copyright © 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ...
Nobel Laureates of AAI - The American Association of Immunologists
... could destroy infected cells only if the two mice belonged to the same strain. They discovered that T cells have to identify two kinds of molecules on the cell surface before they can actually recognize infected cells. One type of molecule is the viral antigen, and the other is a molecule from the m ...
... could destroy infected cells only if the two mice belonged to the same strain. They discovered that T cells have to identify two kinds of molecules on the cell surface before they can actually recognize infected cells. One type of molecule is the viral antigen, and the other is a molecule from the m ...
Autoimmune diseases: genes, bugs and failed regulation
... More importantly, a number of the genetic loci relevant to at least four of the five diseases discussed in the accompanying News & Views articles are shared in some manner6. It is not clear whether this “sharing” is due to the clustering of different, perhaps related, genes specific for individual d ...
... More importantly, a number of the genetic loci relevant to at least four of the five diseases discussed in the accompanying News & Views articles are shared in some manner6. It is not clear whether this “sharing” is due to the clustering of different, perhaps related, genes specific for individual d ...
Chapter 01immune sysytem
... molecules capable of specifically recognizing and eliminating an apparently limitless variety of foreign invaders. These cells and molecules act together in a dynamic network whose complexity rivals that of the nervous system. Functionally, an immune response can be divided into two related activiti ...
... molecules capable of specifically recognizing and eliminating an apparently limitless variety of foreign invaders. These cells and molecules act together in a dynamic network whose complexity rivals that of the nervous system. Functionally, an immune response can be divided into two related activiti ...
CD4 and CD8: modulators of T-cell receptor
... high protein concentrations, through interactions between opposing D4 domains. T h e local concentration of CD4 would be expected to increase in the area of contact between a T cell and antigen-presenting cell; therefore, the ability to dimerise may be particularly important if the T C R complex nee ...
... high protein concentrations, through interactions between opposing D4 domains. T h e local concentration of CD4 would be expected to increase in the area of contact between a T cell and antigen-presenting cell; therefore, the ability to dimerise may be particularly important if the T C R complex nee ...
Antibodies Also called immunoglobulins (Igs) There are five classes
... mutate and increase antibody variation ...
... mutate and increase antibody variation ...
Antibodies Also called immunoglobulins (Igs) There are five classes
... mutate and increase antibody variation ...
... mutate and increase antibody variation ...
Major histocompatibility complex
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a set of cell surface molecules encoded by a large gene family which controls a major part of the immune system in all vertebrates. The major function of major histocompatibility complexes is to bind to peptide fragments derived from pathogens and display them on the cell surface for recognition by the appropriate T-cells. MHC molecules mediate interactions of leukocytes, also called white blood cells (WBCs), which are immune cells, with other leukocytes or with body cells. The MHC determines compatibility of donors for organ transplant, as well as one's susceptibility to an autoimmune disease via crossreacting immunization. In humans, the MHC is also called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA).In a cell, protein molecules of the host's own phenotype or of other biologic entities are continually synthesized and degraded. Each MHC molecule on the cell surface displays a molecular fraction of a protein, called epitope. The presented antigen can be either 'self' or 'nonself', thus preventing an organism`s immune system targeting its own cells. In its entirety, the MHC population is like a meter indicating the balance of proteins within the cell.The MHC gene family is divided into three subgroups: class I, class II, and class III. Class I MHC molecules have β2 subunits so can only be recognised by CD8 co-receptors. Class II MHC molecules have no β2 subunits so can be recognised by CD4 co-receptors. In this way MHC molecules chaperones which type of lymphocytes may bind to the given antigen with high affinity, since different lymphocytes express different TCR co-receptors. Diversity of antigen presentation, mediated by MHC classes I and II, is attained in at least three ways: (1) an organism's MHC repertoire is polygenic (via multiple, interacting genes); (2) MHC expression is codominant (from both sets of inherited alleles); (3) MHC gene variants are highly polymorphic (diversely varying from organism to organism within a species). Major histocompatibility complex and sexual selection has been observed in male mice making mate choices of females with different MHCs and thus demonstrating sexual selection.