Hepatitis B Virus: Biology and Life Cycle
... replication, HBeAg may act as immune tolerant for development of persistent infection. If HBeAg level is decreased in natural progress by itself or during treatment, it may be a sign of switching from a high replicative state to low replicative phase (14). PORF region codes for polymerase which is a ...
... replication, HBeAg may act as immune tolerant for development of persistent infection. If HBeAg level is decreased in natural progress by itself or during treatment, it may be a sign of switching from a high replicative state to low replicative phase (14). PORF region codes for polymerase which is a ...
Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus
... sensitivity. Thus, our PCR specifically detects and quantifies the replicating virus as opposed to only detecting the presence of viral genomic RNA that may or may not be associated with active viral replication. This approach diagnoses FIP with very high specificity (Simons et al., 2005). FIP mRNA ...
... sensitivity. Thus, our PCR specifically detects and quantifies the replicating virus as opposed to only detecting the presence of viral genomic RNA that may or may not be associated with active viral replication. This approach diagnoses FIP with very high specificity (Simons et al., 2005). FIP mRNA ...
Molecular Evolution and Phylogeography of Co
... clusters. In contrast, all Italian IHNV isolates fell within genogroup E, for which only a single genetic cluster was identified. More striking was that IHNV has evolved more rapidly than VHSV (mean rates of 11 and 7.3 × 10−4 nucleotide substitutions per site, per year, respectively), indicating tha ...
... clusters. In contrast, all Italian IHNV isolates fell within genogroup E, for which only a single genetic cluster was identified. More striking was that IHNV has evolved more rapidly than VHSV (mean rates of 11 and 7.3 × 10−4 nucleotide substitutions per site, per year, respectively), indicating tha ...
21 screening for blood transfusion transmitted diseases
... In order to be transmitted by blood transfusion, an infectious agent must be present in the donated blood. Each blood transfusion service or blood bank or laboratory should, therefore, screen for evidence of the microbes that are known to cause infections with this route of transmission. 21.4.1 Huma ...
... In order to be transmitted by blood transfusion, an infectious agent must be present in the donated blood. Each blood transfusion service or blood bank or laboratory should, therefore, screen for evidence of the microbes that are known to cause infections with this route of transmission. 21.4.1 Huma ...
Human Herpes Virus-6 and Human Herpes Virus
... Primary HHV-6 and HHV-7 infections can be identified by antibody seroconversion in acute and convalescent serum samples. In addition, viral IgM and DNA parameters are enough to show acute infection in acute serum samples. Detection of the viral DNA in a cell-free body fluid such as plasma or serum h ...
... Primary HHV-6 and HHV-7 infections can be identified by antibody seroconversion in acute and convalescent serum samples. In addition, viral IgM and DNA parameters are enough to show acute infection in acute serum samples. Detection of the viral DNA in a cell-free body fluid such as plasma or serum h ...
Effect of Diaporthe RNA virus 1 (DRV1) on growth and
... development of full-length cDNA clones of other mycoviruses is likely to provide additional knowledge not available from the Cryphonectria-hypovirus system. In an effort to develop transfection protocols for mycoviruses other than the Cryphonectria hypovirus, we have developed a full-length cDNA clo ...
... development of full-length cDNA clones of other mycoviruses is likely to provide additional knowledge not available from the Cryphonectria-hypovirus system. In an effort to develop transfection protocols for mycoviruses other than the Cryphonectria hypovirus, we have developed a full-length cDNA clo ...
PCR–RFLP and sequence data delineate three Diaporthe
... D. ambigua exhibited different morphological features and thus questioned the identity of these isolates. A small set of isolates was thus chosen for comparison using DNA-based methods. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of ribosomal DNA, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms and DNA sequen ...
... D. ambigua exhibited different morphological features and thus questioned the identity of these isolates. A small set of isolates was thus chosen for comparison using DNA-based methods. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of ribosomal DNA, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms and DNA sequen ...
Disease name
... We developed a respiratory viral co-infection animal model for coronaviruses (CoVs) by infecting pigs with the immunosuppressive porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) followed by porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV). Our findings imply that the presence of existing or prior i ...
... We developed a respiratory viral co-infection animal model for coronaviruses (CoVs) by infecting pigs with the immunosuppressive porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) followed by porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV). Our findings imply that the presence of existing or prior i ...
Foot-and-mouth disease virus causes transplacental infection and death in foetal lambs
... transplacentally, its role in causing abortion and the potential of the foetus and associated fluids to act as a reservoir of infection has hindered understanding of the disease. The epidemiological significance of a uterine reservoir of virus has not previously been examined. For these reasons, we ...
... transplacentally, its role in causing abortion and the potential of the foetus and associated fluids to act as a reservoir of infection has hindered understanding of the disease. The epidemiological significance of a uterine reservoir of virus has not previously been examined. For these reasons, we ...
Molecular Evidence of Simian Virus 40 Infections in Children
... manufacturer’s directions. Samples were reprecipitated with sodium acetate–isopropanol and washed with 80% ethanol to remove any PCR inhibitors. All of these samples yielded DNA suitable for PCR analysis. For the remaining 25 samples, DNA was extracted from 4-mm-thick specimens using conventional me ...
... manufacturer’s directions. Samples were reprecipitated with sodium acetate–isopropanol and washed with 80% ethanol to remove any PCR inhibitors. All of these samples yielded DNA suitable for PCR analysis. For the remaining 25 samples, DNA was extracted from 4-mm-thick specimens using conventional me ...
Document
... by its fluorescent emission when excited by a laser. Each bead set can be conjugated with a unique protein, peptide, oligonucleotide or antibody (e.g. anti-ISAV monoclonal antibody (mAb)). Coupled beads are then incubated with a sample (e.g. plasma from ISAV infected fish) in a 96 well ELISA plate f ...
... by its fluorescent emission when excited by a laser. Each bead set can be conjugated with a unique protein, peptide, oligonucleotide or antibody (e.g. anti-ISAV monoclonal antibody (mAb)). Coupled beads are then incubated with a sample (e.g. plasma from ISAV infected fish) in a 96 well ELISA plate f ...
infectious pustular vulvovaginitis
... be shed intermittently into the environment and spread to contact animals. ...
... be shed intermittently into the environment and spread to contact animals. ...
A Structural Overview of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerases from
... Motifs F and G reside in the fingers domain, and both play critical roles for polymerase function. Motif F is common for all RNA-dependent polymerases and its functions are yet to be clarified [41]. When properly folded, it forms the roof of the NTP entry channel and adopts an antiparallel β-type st ...
... Motifs F and G reside in the fingers domain, and both play critical roles for polymerase function. Motif F is common for all RNA-dependent polymerases and its functions are yet to be clarified [41]. When properly folded, it forms the roof of the NTP entry channel and adopts an antiparallel β-type st ...
THE DNA PROVIRUS HYPOTHESIS
... by the ribonuclease H activity of the virion DNA polymearse. Double-stranded closed circular viral DNA appears. Viral DNA becomes integrated with host DNA. However, neither the mechanism for integration nor whether virion-associated enzymes (Mizutani et al., 1971) are involved in integration is know ...
... by the ribonuclease H activity of the virion DNA polymearse. Double-stranded closed circular viral DNA appears. Viral DNA becomes integrated with host DNA. However, neither the mechanism for integration nor whether virion-associated enzymes (Mizutani et al., 1971) are involved in integration is know ...
New molecular virus detection methods and their clinical value in
... to have virus coinfections – sometimes no less than five respiratory virus species concomitantly.5,11,14 Since the clinical signs and symptoms of respiratory virus infections overlap and are seldom pathognomonic for any specific virus and since the sensitivity of conventional diagnostic methods is low ...
... to have virus coinfections – sometimes no less than five respiratory virus species concomitantly.5,11,14 Since the clinical signs and symptoms of respiratory virus infections overlap and are seldom pathognomonic for any specific virus and since the sensitivity of conventional diagnostic methods is low ...
PC 212 Final Report 2004
... Solanaceae. Particular attention should be given to controlling solanaceous weeds (e.g. black and woody nightshade), as well as volunteer tomato seedlings, at any ...
... Solanaceae. Particular attention should be given to controlling solanaceous weeds (e.g. black and woody nightshade), as well as volunteer tomato seedlings, at any ...
Concentrations of a Koi herpesvirus (KHV) in tissues of
... by isolation using KF-1 or other KHV susceptible cells followed by PCR testing of virus isolates or fish tissues directly by one of 2 PCR assays (Gilad et al. 2002, Gray et al. 2002). Unfortunately, it is often difficult to isolate or to enumerate concentrations of KHV from infected koi using cell c ...
... by isolation using KF-1 or other KHV susceptible cells followed by PCR testing of virus isolates or fish tissues directly by one of 2 PCR assays (Gilad et al. 2002, Gray et al. 2002). Unfortunately, it is often difficult to isolate or to enumerate concentrations of KHV from infected koi using cell c ...
第1.3章 OIEリスト疾病の公定および代替の診断試験 NOTE In many of
... used when the Terrestrial Code recommends a testing procedure. These tests should be performed according to the specifications in the Terrestrial Manual, in order to avoid any differences between the exporting and importing countries in the interpretation of results. In the tables, the diagnostic te ...
... used when the Terrestrial Code recommends a testing procedure. These tests should be performed according to the specifications in the Terrestrial Manual, in order to avoid any differences between the exporting and importing countries in the interpretation of results. In the tables, the diagnostic te ...
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis
... trigeminal ganglion, in the latent phase of infection. The disadvantage is that PCR analyses are prone to contamination and therefore precautions have to be taken to prevent false-positive results. Risk of contamination is markedly reduced by new PCR techniques, such as real-time or quantitative PCR ...
... trigeminal ganglion, in the latent phase of infection. The disadvantage is that PCR analyses are prone to contamination and therefore precautions have to be taken to prevent false-positive results. Risk of contamination is markedly reduced by new PCR techniques, such as real-time or quantitative PCR ...
The use of su.crose-acetone-extracted Rift Valley fever vi rus
... PAWESKA, J.T. , BARNARD , B.J.H. & WILLIAMS, R. 1995. The use of sucrose-acetone-extracted Rift Valley fever virus antigen derived from cell culture in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and haemagglutination-inhibition test. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 62 :227-233 A suc ...
... PAWESKA, J.T. , BARNARD , B.J.H. & WILLIAMS, R. 1995. The use of sucrose-acetone-extracted Rift Valley fever virus antigen derived from cell culture in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and haemagglutination-inhibition test. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 62 :227-233 A suc ...
Real-time RT-PCR for the detection and quantitative
... Extraction kit)2 and employed as template for T7 RNA polymerase in vitro transcription (RiboMAX)6. The reaction was carried out according to the manufacturer’s instructions except that additional DNase (3 u/µg RNA) was added to the RNA prior to purification in order to completely remove input plasmi ...
... Extraction kit)2 and employed as template for T7 RNA polymerase in vitro transcription (RiboMAX)6. The reaction was carried out according to the manufacturer’s instructions except that additional DNase (3 u/µg RNA) was added to the RNA prior to purification in order to completely remove input plasmi ...
Equine diseases - European Commission
... virus will persist in the horse. Persistently infected horses, also called, asymptomatic carriers, are the reservoir of the virus and may transmitted EIAV to others horses even in absence of overt clinical signs. Positive horses are diagnosed when antiEIAV antibodies are detected following an Agar G ...
... virus will persist in the horse. Persistently infected horses, also called, asymptomatic carriers, are the reservoir of the virus and may transmitted EIAV to others horses even in absence of overt clinical signs. Positive horses are diagnosed when antiEIAV antibodies are detected following an Agar G ...
42. Improved FMD diagnosis using real-time RT-PCR
... performance of a fully automated real-time RT-PCR (Reid et al., 2003) with VI and ELISA for the detection of FMDV on the majority of epithelium samples received at the WRL for FMD from overseas during a recent eighteen-month period (August 2002 until January 2004) and on two subsets from confirmed c ...
... performance of a fully automated real-time RT-PCR (Reid et al., 2003) with VI and ELISA for the detection of FMDV on the majority of epithelium samples received at the WRL for FMD from overseas during a recent eighteen-month period (August 2002 until January 2004) and on two subsets from confirmed c ...
SWEET POTATO DISEASES AND THEIR CONTROL
... chlorotic leaf spotting, vein-clearing, vein-banding, and purple ring-spotting of foliage. These above-ground symptoms are similar, if not identical, with those caused by the leaf spot virus. The virus is readily transmitted by several aphids, the most efficient in Louisiana, U.S.A., being the cotto ...
... chlorotic leaf spotting, vein-clearing, vein-banding, and purple ring-spotting of foliage. These above-ground symptoms are similar, if not identical, with those caused by the leaf spot virus. The virus is readily transmitted by several aphids, the most efficient in Louisiana, U.S.A., being the cotto ...
RH: SHORT COMMUNICATIONS A Loop
... dilutions of plasmids containing the 16S rRNA gene of A. phagocytophilum. The detection limit of LAMP was 1 copy, compared with that of 1,000 copies when using conventional PCR (Fig. 2), indicating that under the conditions used, the LAMP assay was much more sensitive than conventional PCR for dete ...
... dilutions of plasmids containing the 16S rRNA gene of A. phagocytophilum. The detection limit of LAMP was 1 copy, compared with that of 1,000 copies when using conventional PCR (Fig. 2), indicating that under the conditions used, the LAMP assay was much more sensitive than conventional PCR for dete ...
Potato virus Y
Potato virus Y (PVY) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae, and one of the most important plant viruses affecting potato production.PVY infection of potato plants results in a variety of symptoms depending on the viral strain. The mildest of these symptoms is production loss, but the most detrimental is 'potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease' (PTNRD). Necrotic ringspots render potatoes unmarketable and can therefore result in a significant loss of income. PVY is transmissible by aphid vectors but may also remain dormant in seed potatoes. This means that using the same line of potato for production of seed potatoes for several consecutive generations will lead to a progressive increase in viral load and subsequent loss of crop.An increase in potato plant infection with viruses over the past few years has led to considerable losses to the South African potato industry. The increased rate of infection may be attributed to several factors. These include a marked decrease in the effectiveness and administration of chemicals used in vector control, the use of infected seed potatoes in cultivation, incorrect irrigation and farming methods as well as a lack of a sensitive, rapid and reliable method of detection. An increase in the average temperature of winters as a consequence of global warming has also led to an increase in aphid numbers, which in turn has led to an increase in viral distribution.