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... the cruise in June 2001 were fixed with formaldehyde (2% final concentration) and filtered onto 0.02 µm filters (Whatman: Anodisc, 25 mm diameter) within 12 h after sampling. Bacterial cells and viral particles were stained on the filters using SYBR Green I (Molecular Probes) and enumerated with a Z ...
... the cruise in June 2001 were fixed with formaldehyde (2% final concentration) and filtered onto 0.02 µm filters (Whatman: Anodisc, 25 mm diameter) within 12 h after sampling. Bacterial cells and viral particles were stained on the filters using SYBR Green I (Molecular Probes) and enumerated with a Z ...
High-level expression of recombinant dengue
... are therefore unsuitable for large-scale routine use. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a simple and rapid test, but IgG-ELISA is very nonspeci®c and exhibits broad cross-reactivity among ¯aviviruses. The IgM antibody capture ELISA (MACELISA) has become the most widely used method of sero ...
... are therefore unsuitable for large-scale routine use. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a simple and rapid test, but IgG-ELISA is very nonspeci®c and exhibits broad cross-reactivity among ¯aviviruses. The IgM antibody capture ELISA (MACELISA) has become the most widely used method of sero ...
Detection of Antibodies to the Nonstructural 3C Proteinase of
... solely to structural proteins cannot distinguish between an individual who has experienced a natural infection and one who has been vaccinated with the current vaccine, which consists of inactivated whole virus. For diagnostic, safety, and epidemiologic reasons it is important to distinguish between ...
... solely to structural proteins cannot distinguish between an individual who has experienced a natural infection and one who has been vaccinated with the current vaccine, which consists of inactivated whole virus. For diagnostic, safety, and epidemiologic reasons it is important to distinguish between ...
Development of a Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection and
... the detection of the F. tularensis genome specifically, sensitively, and rapidly. This assay may contribute to the standardization of the laboratory diagnosis of tularemia. antibody response in patient serum is detectable from 4 to 7 days after the onset of the disease by micro-agglutination assay ( ...
... the detection of the F. tularensis genome specifically, sensitively, and rapidly. This assay may contribute to the standardization of the laboratory diagnosis of tularemia. antibody response in patient serum is detectable from 4 to 7 days after the onset of the disease by micro-agglutination assay ( ...
PCR detection of infectious diseases
... not be standardized. In addition, some labs offer little external quality control. For example, samples from cats with and without FIV infection were sent to four different laboratories offering FIV PCR assay.1 While the lab with the best performance was right on 90 percent of the samples, two fell ...
... not be standardized. In addition, some labs offer little external quality control. For example, samples from cats with and without FIV infection were sent to four different laboratories offering FIV PCR assay.1 While the lab with the best performance was right on 90 percent of the samples, two fell ...
CHIKjj Detect IgM ELISA
... for periods of months or even years after the initial infection [3] [4]. As chikungunya may co-circulate with other diseases spread by Aedes spp. mosquitoes (e.g., dengue and yellow fever), it may be difficult to quickly and accurately diagnose the disease. CHIKV has re-emerged in recent years in a ...
... for periods of months or even years after the initial infection [3] [4]. As chikungunya may co-circulate with other diseases spread by Aedes spp. mosquitoes (e.g., dengue and yellow fever), it may be difficult to quickly and accurately diagnose the disease. CHIKV has re-emerged in recent years in a ...
A new Brucella canis species-specific PCR assay for the diagnosis
... The sensitivity of the PCR assay using buffy coat was approximately 100 times higher than using DNA extracted from whole blood. This finding can be attributed to a concentration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the absence of the inhibitory materials found in whole blood [22,23]. The inhibit ...
... The sensitivity of the PCR assay using buffy coat was approximately 100 times higher than using DNA extracted from whole blood. This finding can be attributed to a concentration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the absence of the inhibitory materials found in whole blood [22,23]. The inhibit ...
Cucumber mosaic virus satellite RNAs that induce similar symptoms
... plants the parameters of between-host transmission, within-host accumulation and virulence of CMV strains, either without satRNAs or supporting CMV-satRNAs necrogenic or non-necrogenic for tomato. Estimates of these fitness components were introduced into deterministic models of virulence evolution, ...
... plants the parameters of between-host transmission, within-host accumulation and virulence of CMV strains, either without satRNAs or supporting CMV-satRNAs necrogenic or non-necrogenic for tomato. Estimates of these fitness components were introduced into deterministic models of virulence evolution, ...
Article Automated Structural Comparisons Clarify
... polymerase domain of the Sulfolobus solfataricus Dpo4. Our phylogenetic analyses propose an early separation of RNAdependent polymerases that use primers from those that are primer-independent. Furthermore, the exchange of polymerase genes between viruses and their hosts is evident. Because of this ...
... polymerase domain of the Sulfolobus solfataricus Dpo4. Our phylogenetic analyses propose an early separation of RNAdependent polymerases that use primers from those that are primer-independent. Furthermore, the exchange of polymerase genes between viruses and their hosts is evident. Because of this ...
comparison of vero cell plaque assay
... this expanding distribution, many state and local health agencies and mosquito control districts initiated new arbovirus surveillance programs or expanded existing programs. Four basic types of surveillance were recommended as important in monitoring WN activity (avian, mosquito, veterinary, and hum ...
... this expanding distribution, many state and local health agencies and mosquito control districts initiated new arbovirus surveillance programs or expanded existing programs. Four basic types of surveillance were recommended as important in monitoring WN activity (avian, mosquito, veterinary, and hum ...
Quantumdotsbased fluoroimmunoassay for the rapid and sensitive
... poultry birds and caused gigantic economic losses has attracted greater attention. (2) It was a shock that 394 people in 15 countries had been infected with H5N1 by 14 January 2009, among whom 248 had died. (3) H5N1 has not only endangered the poultry industry, but also poses a potential danger to g ...
... poultry birds and caused gigantic economic losses has attracted greater attention. (2) It was a shock that 394 people in 15 countries had been infected with H5N1 by 14 January 2009, among whom 248 had died. (3) H5N1 has not only endangered the poultry industry, but also poses a potential danger to g ...
The Secret of Viral Reproduction - DigitalCommons@USU
... this period we developed new techniques for the analysis of the virus infection by infrared spectrophotometry. In these techniques, infected and normal tissues were mounted directly in the beams of the instrument for analysis. These studies revealed remarkable biochemical changes associated with the ...
... this period we developed new techniques for the analysis of the virus infection by infrared spectrophotometry. In these techniques, infected and normal tissues were mounted directly in the beams of the instrument for analysis. These studies revealed remarkable biochemical changes associated with the ...
Advances in multiplex nucleic acid diagnostics for blood
... sepsis, diagnostic tests with higher multiplex capabilities are preferable because approximately 20–25 pathogens are responsible for more than 90% of bloodstream infections.[17] Molecular diagnostics to detect pathogens directly in blood are still at the research stage.[18,19] One of the unfortunate ...
... sepsis, diagnostic tests with higher multiplex capabilities are preferable because approximately 20–25 pathogens are responsible for more than 90% of bloodstream infections.[17] Molecular diagnostics to detect pathogens directly in blood are still at the research stage.[18,19] One of the unfortunate ...
Amplification of Citrus Tristeza Virus from a cDNA Clone and
... Isolates of the Closterovirus, Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), are populations of disparate genotypes and defective RNAs developed during long periods of vegetative propagation of citrus trees. Because it has not been possible to obtain pure cultures of the virus, it is not known what components of the ...
... Isolates of the Closterovirus, Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), are populations of disparate genotypes and defective RNAs developed during long periods of vegetative propagation of citrus trees. Because it has not been possible to obtain pure cultures of the virus, it is not known what components of the ...
Transmission of Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV)
... healthy plant seedling with virus extract, symptoms appeared on tobacco leaves after 90 days. Out of nine sap inoculated plants only three samples of Tobacco recorded an absorbance similar to the positive control. Except Tobacco the other plants were recorded lower absorbance value, which is similar ...
... healthy plant seedling with virus extract, symptoms appeared on tobacco leaves after 90 days. Out of nine sap inoculated plants only three samples of Tobacco recorded an absorbance similar to the positive control. Except Tobacco the other plants were recorded lower absorbance value, which is similar ...
Evidence for emergence of an amphibian iridoviral disease because
... rainbow trout) than other amphibian isolates. Despite monophyly based on capsid protein sequences, there was low genetic divergence among all strains (< 1.1%) based on a supergene analysis of the capsid protein and the two noncoding regions. These analyses also showed polyphyly of strains from Arizo ...
... rainbow trout) than other amphibian isolates. Despite monophyly based on capsid protein sequences, there was low genetic divergence among all strains (< 1.1%) based on a supergene analysis of the capsid protein and the two noncoding regions. These analyses also showed polyphyly of strains from Arizo ...
Effects of the number of genome segments on primary and systemic
... generate primary or systemic infection. Here it was attempted to alter the infection kinetics of ...
... generate primary or systemic infection. Here it was attempted to alter the infection kinetics of ...
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... Le Guyader F, Haugarreau L, Miossec L, Dubois E, Pommepuy M. Three-year study to assess human enteric viruses in shellfish . Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2000;66:3241 -3248. ...
... Le Guyader F, Haugarreau L, Miossec L, Dubois E, Pommepuy M. Three-year study to assess human enteric viruses in shellfish . Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2000;66:3241 -3248. ...
Use of RT-PCR for diagnosis of infectious salmon anaemia virus
... SS135, respectively (Table 2). Blood from 5 trout in each group was mixed, sonicated, filtered, and diluted l:? with HBSS and 0.2 m1 injected i.p. into 30 salmon in each of the 4 groups. Group SS21 was challenged on the 20 June 1997 while the other 3 groups (SS54, SS119 and SS135) were challenged on ...
... SS135, respectively (Table 2). Blood from 5 trout in each group was mixed, sonicated, filtered, and diluted l:? with HBSS and 0.2 m1 injected i.p. into 30 salmon in each of the 4 groups. Group SS21 was challenged on the 20 June 1997 while the other 3 groups (SS54, SS119 and SS135) were challenged on ...
Functional and Genetic Analysis Identify a Role for
... (Csorba et al., 2015). The triple gene block protein 1 (TGB1) of Potato virus X (PVX), also known as P25, suppresses movement of a systemic silencing signal (Voinnet et al., 1999, 2000). Arabidopsis thaliana encodes 10 AGO proteins that are thought to be specialized to function in different RNA sile ...
... (Csorba et al., 2015). The triple gene block protein 1 (TGB1) of Potato virus X (PVX), also known as P25, suppresses movement of a systemic silencing signal (Voinnet et al., 1999, 2000). Arabidopsis thaliana encodes 10 AGO proteins that are thought to be specialized to function in different RNA sile ...
Prevalence of avian infectious bronchitis virus in broiler chicken
... observed in chicken. It possesses a positive sense single– stranded RNA genome that ranges from 27 to 31 Kb.2 The number of IBV serotypes that exist throughout the world is unknown. More than 50 different serotypes have been listed and new IBV variants continue to emerge.3 It is now well documented ...
... observed in chicken. It possesses a positive sense single– stranded RNA genome that ranges from 27 to 31 Kb.2 The number of IBV serotypes that exist throughout the world is unknown. More than 50 different serotypes have been listed and new IBV variants continue to emerge.3 It is now well documented ...
Tegument Protein ORF45 Plays an Essential Role in Virion
... no CPE was detected in cells transfected with 45S BAC. Two more rounds of passage of the supernatants harvested from 45S BACtransfected cultures onto fresh cells did not result in development of a CPE, indicating that no infectious virus was produced and released into the supernatant (data not shown ...
... no CPE was detected in cells transfected with 45S BAC. Two more rounds of passage of the supernatants harvested from 45S BACtransfected cultures onto fresh cells did not result in development of a CPE, indicating that no infectious virus was produced and released into the supernatant (data not shown ...
Comparison of nucleic acid-based detection of avian influenza
... kidney cells [4], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibody or antigen [5,6], reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) [7], Taqman-PCR [8], and nucleic acid sequence-based ...
... kidney cells [4], enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibody or antigen [5,6], reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) [7], Taqman-PCR [8], and nucleic acid sequence-based ...
Very virulent infectious bursal disease virus
... disease initially described as Gumboro disease with mortality of less than 25% in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Immunosuppressive and variant strains ...
... disease initially described as Gumboro disease with mortality of less than 25% in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. Immunosuppressive and variant strains ...
Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus
... Our lab has developed a quantitative PCR targeting subgenomic mRNA of the M gene of Feline Coronavirus with high sensitivity. Thus, our PCR specifically detects and quantifies the replicating virus as opposed to only detecting the presence of viral genomic RNA that may or may not be associated with ...
... Our lab has developed a quantitative PCR targeting subgenomic mRNA of the M gene of Feline Coronavirus with high sensitivity. Thus, our PCR specifically detects and quantifies the replicating virus as opposed to only detecting the presence of viral genomic RNA that may or may not be associated with ...
Potato virus Y
Potato virus Y (PVY) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae, and one of the most important plant viruses affecting potato production.PVY infection of potato plants results in a variety of symptoms depending on the viral strain. The mildest of these symptoms is production loss, but the most detrimental is 'potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease' (PTNRD). Necrotic ringspots render potatoes unmarketable and can therefore result in a significant loss of income. PVY is transmissible by aphid vectors but may also remain dormant in seed potatoes. This means that using the same line of potato for production of seed potatoes for several consecutive generations will lead to a progressive increase in viral load and subsequent loss of crop.An increase in potato plant infection with viruses over the past few years has led to considerable losses to the South African potato industry. The increased rate of infection may be attributed to several factors. These include a marked decrease in the effectiveness and administration of chemicals used in vector control, the use of infected seed potatoes in cultivation, incorrect irrigation and farming methods as well as a lack of a sensitive, rapid and reliable method of detection. An increase in the average temperature of winters as a consequence of global warming has also led to an increase in aphid numbers, which in turn has led to an increase in viral distribution.