A reinforcement learning model of joy, distress, hope and fear.
... between the agent and its environment can be used to optimize search behavior of an adaptive agent (Broekens, 2007; Broekens et al., 2007; Hogewoning et al., 2007; Schweighofer & Doya, 2003) by manipulating the amount of randomness in the action selection process. Other studies show that affective s ...
... between the agent and its environment can be used to optimize search behavior of an adaptive agent (Broekens, 2007; Broekens et al., 2007; Hogewoning et al., 2007; Schweighofer & Doya, 2003) by manipulating the amount of randomness in the action selection process. Other studies show that affective s ...
Relative timing: from behaviour to neurons
... Figure 1. Hypothetical psychometric function from a temporal order judgement (TOJ) experiment. Two stimuli (A and B) are presented with a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA). Subject’s probability of reporting stimulus A appearing first is plotted as a function of SOA, defined as ‘stimulus A ...
... Figure 1. Hypothetical psychometric function from a temporal order judgement (TOJ) experiment. Two stimuli (A and B) are presented with a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA). Subject’s probability of reporting stimulus A appearing first is plotted as a function of SOA, defined as ‘stimulus A ...
GLOSSARY of Occupational Therapy Terminology
... Sensory Input: The constant flow of information from sensory receptors in the body to the brain and spinal cord. Sensory Integration: The ability to receive, process and act upon sensory input for "use". This "use" may be a perception, an adaptive response or a learning process. Through sensory inte ...
... Sensory Input: The constant flow of information from sensory receptors in the body to the brain and spinal cord. Sensory Integration: The ability to receive, process and act upon sensory input for "use". This "use" may be a perception, an adaptive response or a learning process. Through sensory inte ...
Words and pictures in the left fusiform gyrus
... An area in the left fusiform gyrus labelled the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) is claimed to be especially, or even selectively, responsive to words. We explored how stimulus type and task demands affect activity in this area by conducting a PET experiment where words and pictures were presented in tw ...
... An area in the left fusiform gyrus labelled the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) is claimed to be especially, or even selectively, responsive to words. We explored how stimulus type and task demands affect activity in this area by conducting a PET experiment where words and pictures were presented in tw ...
Flow of information for emotions through temporal and orbitofrontal pathways REVIEW
... the process of selective attention for emotional events. It specifically addresses the question of whether the patterns of connections between prefrontal cortex and other structures can provide information about the sequence of transmission of information for emotions. How is information from multip ...
... the process of selective attention for emotional events. It specifically addresses the question of whether the patterns of connections between prefrontal cortex and other structures can provide information about the sequence of transmission of information for emotions. How is information from multip ...
Structure–function relationship of working memory activity with
... MFG, and IFG, respectively), and the volume of the thalamus and hippocampus. Volumes of the MFG and IFG were included because dorso- and ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex is a critical component of the working memory system. The thalamus is also an important component of the working memory system (Mi ...
... MFG, and IFG, respectively), and the volume of the thalamus and hippocampus. Volumes of the MFG and IFG were included because dorso- and ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex is a critical component of the working memory system. The thalamus is also an important component of the working memory system (Mi ...
The Biology
... system. Then a review of the structure and the main divisions of the nervous system will lead to a discussion on how the different areas work to control voluntary and involuntary behaviours. The chapter also examines how the various parts of the nervous system operate together in emergency situation ...
... system. Then a review of the structure and the main divisions of the nervous system will lead to a discussion on how the different areas work to control voluntary and involuntary behaviours. The chapter also examines how the various parts of the nervous system operate together in emergency situation ...
Key Points: Neuroscience Exam #2 Lecture 16 and 17: Development of
... pain later bc it has to go up to higher centers Reflex suppression: reflexes can be suppressed by conscious thought (higher centers) o You can hold on to a pot of boiling water in order to save a child from getting burnt Purpose of spinal reflexes: o Once you make a decision to walk, we no longer ne ...
... pain later bc it has to go up to higher centers Reflex suppression: reflexes can be suppressed by conscious thought (higher centers) o You can hold on to a pot of boiling water in order to save a child from getting burnt Purpose of spinal reflexes: o Once you make a decision to walk, we no longer ne ...
Document
... here, the same background is always used, and it is always in the same position, with stimuli moved to different positions on it. The nine stimulus locations are arranged in a square grid across the background, where the grid spacings are 32 pixels horizontally or vertically. Before images are prese ...
... here, the same background is always used, and it is always in the same position, with stimuli moved to different positions on it. The nine stimulus locations are arranged in a square grid across the background, where the grid spacings are 32 pixels horizontally or vertically. Before images are prese ...
powerpoint lecture
... cortex of intent to initiate voluntary muscle contraction • Inform body's position and momentum – calculates the best way to smoothly coordinate muscle contraction ...
... cortex of intent to initiate voluntary muscle contraction • Inform body's position and momentum – calculates the best way to smoothly coordinate muscle contraction ...
Theory of Mind: A Neural Prediction Problem
... empirical studies, Frith and Frith concluded that ‘‘Studies in which volunteers have to make inferences about the mental states of others activate a number of brain areas, most notable the medial [pre]frontal cortex [(MPFC)] and temporo-parietal junction [(TPJ)]’’ (Frith and Frith, 2000). Since then ...
... empirical studies, Frith and Frith concluded that ‘‘Studies in which volunteers have to make inferences about the mental states of others activate a number of brain areas, most notable the medial [pre]frontal cortex [(MPFC)] and temporo-parietal junction [(TPJ)]’’ (Frith and Frith, 2000). Since then ...
Functional Neuronal Processing of Body Odors
... conveyed in body odor to make accurate kin--nonkin judgments (Weisfeld et al. 2003) and to detect minute differences in genetic composition of unknown individuals (Jacob et al. 2002). It has even been suggested that signals communicating emotions are held within body odors (Chen and Haviland-Jones 1 ...
... conveyed in body odor to make accurate kin--nonkin judgments (Weisfeld et al. 2003) and to detect minute differences in genetic composition of unknown individuals (Jacob et al. 2002). It has even been suggested that signals communicating emotions are held within body odors (Chen and Haviland-Jones 1 ...
State-Dependent TMS Reveals a Hierarchical
... cortex (PMv), and in the cortex around the superior temporal sulcus (STS). Participants were shown adapting movies of a hand or a foot acting on different objects and were asked to compare to the movie, a motor act shown in test pictures. The invariant features between adapting and test stimuli fitt ...
... cortex (PMv), and in the cortex around the superior temporal sulcus (STS). Participants were shown adapting movies of a hand or a foot acting on different objects and were asked to compare to the movie, a motor act shown in test pictures. The invariant features between adapting and test stimuli fitt ...
Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms and Related Sex Differences in
... den Heuvel, 2006; Saxena & Rauch, 2000). It has been hypothesized that an imbalance between these loops, resulting in a hyperactive ventral and hypoactive dorsal ...
... den Heuvel, 2006; Saxena & Rauch, 2000). It has been hypothesized that an imbalance between these loops, resulting in a hyperactive ventral and hypoactive dorsal ...
An investigation of brain processes supporting meditation
... awareness without explicit selection’’, and in both cases this is synonymous with ‘‘meditation’’. It may thus be argued that whether a particular concrete meditation carried out by a specific subject in a given situation is best characterised as ‘‘concentrative’’ or ‘‘mindfulness’’ will to a large d ...
... awareness without explicit selection’’, and in both cases this is synonymous with ‘‘meditation’’. It may thus be argued that whether a particular concrete meditation carried out by a specific subject in a given situation is best characterised as ‘‘concentrative’’ or ‘‘mindfulness’’ will to a large d ...
Short Communication - NYU Psychology
... The aim of the current study was to test to what extent the AMF effect documented in Pylkkänen & McElree (2007) generalizes to a novel task and syntactic environment. Specifically, ventromedial prefrontal cortex has been heavily implicated for non-linguistic processing such as decision-making and soc ...
... The aim of the current study was to test to what extent the AMF effect documented in Pylkkänen & McElree (2007) generalizes to a novel task and syntactic environment. Specifically, ventromedial prefrontal cortex has been heavily implicated for non-linguistic processing such as decision-making and soc ...
Rule-Selection and Action-Selection have a Shared
... response may be made, and an interval of 1.25 s in which a late response could also be made (see Fig. 1). In this first experiment, we wanted to make inferences about the generalization of rule-selection, across 2 rule modalities—color and height. We also wanted to study action-selection without ref ...
... response may be made, and an interval of 1.25 s in which a late response could also be made (see Fig. 1). In this first experiment, we wanted to make inferences about the generalization of rule-selection, across 2 rule modalities—color and height. We also wanted to study action-selection without ref ...
The Neural Bases of Cognitive Conflict and Control in Moral Judgment
... abstract reasoning, and it would be surprising as well if this capacity played no role in human moral judgment. Thus, we sought evidence in support of the hypothesis that moral judgment in response to violations familiar to our primate ancestors (personal violations) are driven by social-emotional r ...
... abstract reasoning, and it would be surprising as well if this capacity played no role in human moral judgment. Thus, we sought evidence in support of the hypothesis that moral judgment in response to violations familiar to our primate ancestors (personal violations) are driven by social-emotional r ...
CHAPTER 12: THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM MODULE 12.1
... Limbic lobe and associated structures form a ring on medial side of cerebral hemisphere; contain two main gyri: cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus Hippocampus – in temporal lobe; connected to a prominent C-shaped ring of white matter (fornix) which is its main output tract; involved in me ...
... Limbic lobe and associated structures form a ring on medial side of cerebral hemisphere; contain two main gyri: cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus Hippocampus – in temporal lobe; connected to a prominent C-shaped ring of white matter (fornix) which is its main output tract; involved in me ...
Structural divisions and functional fields in the human cerebral cortex 1
... cortex of man could be parcelled based on structural and functional criteria. Any parcellation is based on an assumption of what is a cortical area. Since cortical areas are thought to reflect the principle of organization of the cerebral cortex, the issue of parcelling the cortex is also fundamenta ...
... cortex of man could be parcelled based on structural and functional criteria. Any parcellation is based on an assumption of what is a cortical area. Since cortical areas are thought to reflect the principle of organization of the cerebral cortex, the issue of parcelling the cortex is also fundamenta ...
as a PDF
... 2. DA neurons respond to salient unexpected events Among the attributes that may imbue an event with salience are 1) novelty, 2) primary and conditioned reward properties, 3) primary and conditioned aversive properties, and 4) physical characteristics such as high intensity and fast rise-time. VTA D ...
... 2. DA neurons respond to salient unexpected events Among the attributes that may imbue an event with salience are 1) novelty, 2) primary and conditioned reward properties, 3) primary and conditioned aversive properties, and 4) physical characteristics such as high intensity and fast rise-time. VTA D ...
Methylphenidate Enhances Working Memory by Modulating
... were identical to those described by Owen et al. (1996b). For the task conditions, subjects were presented either six (“easy”) or twelve (“difficult”) red circles on a touch-sensitive computer screen suspended above the scanner. For each problem, subjects were required to search through the array of ...
... were identical to those described by Owen et al. (1996b). For the task conditions, subjects were presented either six (“easy”) or twelve (“difficult”) red circles on a touch-sensitive computer screen suspended above the scanner. For each problem, subjects were required to search through the array of ...