paper - Rice University
... the end of the object-relative clause, when thematic roles are assigned (i.e., when it is decided who did what to whom). Although useful as online measures of performance, these methodologies do not allow direct comparisons with brain activation. This limitation is overcome by event-related potentia ...
... the end of the object-relative clause, when thematic roles are assigned (i.e., when it is decided who did what to whom). Although useful as online measures of performance, these methodologies do not allow direct comparisons with brain activation. This limitation is overcome by event-related potentia ...
Neural Correlates of Learning in the Prefrontal Cortex of the Monkey
... In agreement with experimental data, two main types of activity contribute to the adaptive properties of the network. The first is transient activity time-locked to events of the task and its profile remains constant during successive training stages. The second is sustained activity that undergoes ...
... In agreement with experimental data, two main types of activity contribute to the adaptive properties of the network. The first is transient activity time-locked to events of the task and its profile remains constant during successive training stages. The second is sustained activity that undergoes ...
the Central Nervous System
... 2. visual association area a. continues the processing of visual information b. analyzes color, form, and movement ...
... 2. visual association area a. continues the processing of visual information b. analyzes color, form, and movement ...
Lateral prefrontal cortex: architectonic and functional organization
... computations occurring in a given area for the complex neuronal network within which it is embedded can be explored, in monkeys, by observing the consequences on cognitive/behavioural function of removal or disconnection of the particular area or manipulations of its neurotransmitter activity. There ...
... computations occurring in a given area for the complex neuronal network within which it is embedded can be explored, in monkeys, by observing the consequences on cognitive/behavioural function of removal or disconnection of the particular area or manipulations of its neurotransmitter activity. There ...
Strategy-dependent Dissociation of the Neural
... What This Article Tells Us That Is New • Using functional magnetic resonance imaging in seven subjects with chronic pain, two different behavioral strategies – external focus of attention and reappraisal – were variably effective in reducing pain and resulted in different patterns of brain activity, ...
... What This Article Tells Us That Is New • Using functional magnetic resonance imaging in seven subjects with chronic pain, two different behavioral strategies – external focus of attention and reappraisal – were variably effective in reducing pain and resulted in different patterns of brain activity, ...
Current advances and pressing problems in studies of stopping
... activity on trials when the planned saccade was canceled because the stop signal appeared (thick line). Presentation of the stop signal is indicated by the solid vertical line. The time needed to cancel the planned movement – stop signal reaction time (SSRT) – is indicated by the dashed vertical lin ...
... activity on trials when the planned saccade was canceled because the stop signal appeared (thick line). Presentation of the stop signal is indicated by the solid vertical line. The time needed to cancel the planned movement – stop signal reaction time (SSRT) – is indicated by the dashed vertical lin ...
Functional Imaging of Central Nervous System Involvement in
... of the affected hand toward the lip representation and establishing a correlation between the amount of cortical reorganization and the intensity of CRPS pain and the extent of mechanical hyperalgesia. In contrast to the previous MEG study, Maihöfner et al used the McGill Pain Questionnaire to asse ...
... of the affected hand toward the lip representation and establishing a correlation between the amount of cortical reorganization and the intensity of CRPS pain and the extent of mechanical hyperalgesia. In contrast to the previous MEG study, Maihöfner et al used the McGill Pain Questionnaire to asse ...
Auditory Brain Development in Children with Hearing Loss – Part Two
... plains why people who are born deaf without sufficient access The results of Dr. Kral’s studies (along with the research of to auditory stimuli develop exceptionally adept abilities in some others) suggest that when the brain does not have access to areas that involve other sensory functions (e.g., ...
... plains why people who are born deaf without sufficient access The results of Dr. Kral’s studies (along with the research of to auditory stimuli develop exceptionally adept abilities in some others) suggest that when the brain does not have access to areas that involve other sensory functions (e.g., ...
The Value of the Examination of Visuooculomotor Reflexes in
... accadic movement and smooth-pursuit (eyetracking) movement examination are the standard otoneurological tests [1–4]. Latency, velocity, and accuracy of eye movements are appreciated during the saccadic test. Eye-tracking or caloric eyetracking tests are classified on the basis of a suggestion from M ...
... accadic movement and smooth-pursuit (eyetracking) movement examination are the standard otoneurological tests [1–4]. Latency, velocity, and accuracy of eye movements are appreciated during the saccadic test. Eye-tracking or caloric eyetracking tests are classified on the basis of a suggestion from M ...
Life: The Science of Biology, 8e
... • Broca’s area located in the frontal lobe, damage results in slow or lost speech but a person can read and understand language; • Wernicke’s area is in the temporal lobe, damage results in an inability to speak sensibly, as written or spoken language is not understood, a person may still be able to ...
... • Broca’s area located in the frontal lobe, damage results in slow or lost speech but a person can read and understand language; • Wernicke’s area is in the temporal lobe, damage results in an inability to speak sensibly, as written or spoken language is not understood, a person may still be able to ...
Specialized Elements of Orbitofrontal Cortex in Primates
... with primary olfactory areas and rich connections with high-order sensory association cortices. Posterior orbitofrontal areas are further distinguished by dense and distinct patterns of connections with the amygdala and memory-related anterior temporal lobe structures that may convey signals about e ...
... with primary olfactory areas and rich connections with high-order sensory association cortices. Posterior orbitofrontal areas are further distinguished by dense and distinct patterns of connections with the amygdala and memory-related anterior temporal lobe structures that may convey signals about e ...
Planning and problem solving: from neuropsychology to
... 1979), or as crucial for the “planning of future actions” (for review, see Shallice, 1988). Until recently, however, the assumed relationship between cognitive planning and the frontal lobes lacked solid empirical support, and was based largely on anecdotal reports of disorganized behaviour in patie ...
... 1979), or as crucial for the “planning of future actions” (for review, see Shallice, 1988). Until recently, however, the assumed relationship between cognitive planning and the frontal lobes lacked solid empirical support, and was based largely on anecdotal reports of disorganized behaviour in patie ...
Psychology
... with the external world and the world inside our bodies. It carries information to the brain from our senses so the brain can interpret the incoming information and respond to it by transmitting messages initiating action or movement in nerves in different parts of our bodies. It is helpful to think ...
... with the external world and the world inside our bodies. It carries information to the brain from our senses so the brain can interpret the incoming information and respond to it by transmitting messages initiating action or movement in nerves in different parts of our bodies. It is helpful to think ...
Mapping Pavlovian Conditioning Effects on the Brain: Blocking
... medial prefrontal cortex and higher in spinal trigeminal and cuneate nuclei in the tone-blocked group relative to the tone-excitor group. 2) Contiguity effects: relative to pseudorandom controls, similar FDG uptake increases in the tone-blocked and -excitor groups were found in auditory regions (inf ...
... medial prefrontal cortex and higher in spinal trigeminal and cuneate nuclei in the tone-blocked group relative to the tone-excitor group. 2) Contiguity effects: relative to pseudorandom controls, similar FDG uptake increases in the tone-blocked and -excitor groups were found in auditory regions (inf ...
Elastic instabilities in a layered cerebral cortex: A revised axonal
... our version taking into account the layered structure of the cortex. Moreover, our model draws a connection with another competing model for cortex folding, namely the differential growthinduced buckling model. For the polar geometry, we study the relationship between brain size and the critical for ...
... our version taking into account the layered structure of the cortex. Moreover, our model draws a connection with another competing model for cortex folding, namely the differential growthinduced buckling model. For the polar geometry, we study the relationship between brain size and the critical for ...
KIDS, Inc. - School Neuropsych
... • The cerebral cortex is a thin layer of cells about 1.5 to 4 mm thick. • The cortex provides the connections and pathways for the highest cognitive functions, such as language and abstract thinking. • The cerebral cortex contains about 25 billion neurons, more than 62,000 miles of axons, and ...
... • The cerebral cortex is a thin layer of cells about 1.5 to 4 mm thick. • The cortex provides the connections and pathways for the highest cognitive functions, such as language and abstract thinking. • The cerebral cortex contains about 25 billion neurons, more than 62,000 miles of axons, and ...
Effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow
... mapping (SPM). CBD significantly decreased subjective anxiety and increased mental sedation, while placebo did not induce significant changes. Assessment of brain regions where anxiolytic effects of CBD were predicted a priori revealed two voxel clusters of significantly decreased ECD uptake in the ...
... mapping (SPM). CBD significantly decreased subjective anxiety and increased mental sedation, while placebo did not induce significant changes. Assessment of brain regions where anxiolytic effects of CBD were predicted a priori revealed two voxel clusters of significantly decreased ECD uptake in the ...
Avian brains and a new understanding of
... reptiles and mammals came challenges to the classical view of the relationships among their pallia. The mammalian pallium includes the areas known as palaeocortex, archicortex and neocortex; and has been said, more recently, to include both the claustrum and lateral parts of the amygdala28,41,42 (FI ...
... reptiles and mammals came challenges to the classical view of the relationships among their pallia. The mammalian pallium includes the areas known as palaeocortex, archicortex and neocortex; and has been said, more recently, to include both the claustrum and lateral parts of the amygdala28,41,42 (FI ...
CHAPTER 3 Neuroscience and Behavior
... behavior? Are psychological disorders caused by biological factors, and how can such disorders be treated? As you consider the biological processes that we’ll discuss in this chapter, it is important to keep in mind why behavioral neuroscience is an essential part of psychology: Our understanding of ...
... behavior? Are psychological disorders caused by biological factors, and how can such disorders be treated? As you consider the biological processes that we’ll discuss in this chapter, it is important to keep in mind why behavioral neuroscience is an essential part of psychology: Our understanding of ...
Neuroethology of reward and decision making
... influence processing within decision-making areas, primarily orbital and medial prefrontal cortices, that assign value to sensory stimuli (Schultz et al. 2000). Value signals in these areas may inform processing in areas such as dorsolateral prefrontal and parietal cortices, which eventually transfo ...
... influence processing within decision-making areas, primarily orbital and medial prefrontal cortices, that assign value to sensory stimuli (Schultz et al. 2000). Value signals in these areas may inform processing in areas such as dorsolateral prefrontal and parietal cortices, which eventually transfo ...
Brain stem representation of thermal and psychogenic sweating in
... animal studies, is that thermal sweating depends ultimately on the anterior hypothalamus/preoptic area (18, 34, 50, 51), while psychogenic sweating is believed to be driven from the forebrain (21, 44). Clues to the regions of the human brain involved in psychogenic sweating can be found in imaging s ...
... animal studies, is that thermal sweating depends ultimately on the anterior hypothalamus/preoptic area (18, 34, 50, 51), while psychogenic sweating is believed to be driven from the forebrain (21, 44). Clues to the regions of the human brain involved in psychogenic sweating can be found in imaging s ...
The Biological Perspective
... dendrites. The name dendrite means “branch,” and this structure does indeed look like the branches of a tree. The dendrites are attached to the cell body, or soma, which is the part of the cell that contains the nucleus and keeps the entire cell alive and functioning. The axon is a fibre attached to ...
... dendrites. The name dendrite means “branch,” and this structure does indeed look like the branches of a tree. The dendrites are attached to the cell body, or soma, which is the part of the cell that contains the nucleus and keeps the entire cell alive and functioning. The axon is a fibre attached to ...
Virtual dissection and comparative connectivity of the superior
... part of the FDT software package (Behrens et al., 2003, 2007), was used to build up a Bayesian distribution of diffusion information in 3D space for each voxel, modeling 3 fibers at each voxel. BEDPOSTX automatically estimates the number of crossing fibers at each voxel. Linear transformations with 6 ...
... part of the FDT software package (Behrens et al., 2003, 2007), was used to build up a Bayesian distribution of diffusion information in 3D space for each voxel, modeling 3 fibers at each voxel. BEDPOSTX automatically estimates the number of crossing fibers at each voxel. Linear transformations with 6 ...
Wernicke`s Aphasia
... of the dominant (typically left) inferior frontal gyrus. The pars orbitalis (POR), PT and POP comprise the inferior frontal gyrus. The POR is separated from the PT by the anterior horizontal ramus (AHR) of the lateral sulcus. The anterior ascending ramus (AAR) of the lateral sulcus separates PT from ...
... of the dominant (typically left) inferior frontal gyrus. The pars orbitalis (POR), PT and POP comprise the inferior frontal gyrus. The POR is separated from the PT by the anterior horizontal ramus (AHR) of the lateral sulcus. The anterior ascending ramus (AAR) of the lateral sulcus separates PT from ...
The continuous performance test: a window on
... behavior. The attentional system was central to his models of normal and abnormal brain function. Approaching attention from a combination of perspectives including cognitive processing (Cohen & O’Donnell, 1993c), Luria proposed two attentional systems — reflexive and nonreflexive. The reflexive sys ...
... behavior. The attentional system was central to his models of normal and abnormal brain function. Approaching attention from a combination of perspectives including cognitive processing (Cohen & O’Donnell, 1993c), Luria proposed two attentional systems — reflexive and nonreflexive. The reflexive sys ...