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... A secondary cortical taste area in primates was discovered by Rolls et al.(20) in the OFC, extending several millimetres in front of the primary taste cortex. Neurons in this region respond not only to each of the four classical prototypical tastes sweet, salt, bitter and sour(14,21) but also to uma ...
... A secondary cortical taste area in primates was discovered by Rolls et al.(20) in the OFC, extending several millimetres in front of the primary taste cortex. Neurons in this region respond not only to each of the four classical prototypical tastes sweet, salt, bitter and sour(14,21) but also to uma ...
The Dopamine Transporter and Risk-Taking Behavior
... theory, and what results in the variation of behaviors, that is thought to be contributed by genes (Blum et al., 1996; Comings et al., 2000). One way the variation has been examined and seems of great significance is through substance use. This behavior is important because people are well aware of ...
... theory, and what results in the variation of behaviors, that is thought to be contributed by genes (Blum et al., 1996; Comings et al., 2000). One way the variation has been examined and seems of great significance is through substance use. This behavior is important because people are well aware of ...
Social equality in the number of choice options is represented in the
... University Global Center of Excellence grant from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. We thank Dr. Adam Phillips for assistance. ...
... University Global Center of Excellence grant from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan. We thank Dr. Adam Phillips for assistance. ...
State of the art
... refers to experiences that cause feelings of anxiety and frustration because they push us beyond our ability to successfully cope. “There is so much to do and so little time!” is a common expression. Besides time pressures and daily hassles at work and home, there are stressors related to economic i ...
... refers to experiences that cause feelings of anxiety and frustration because they push us beyond our ability to successfully cope. “There is so much to do and so little time!” is a common expression. Besides time pressures and daily hassles at work and home, there are stressors related to economic i ...
spinal cord
... • The spinal cord conveys information from the brain to the PNS • The spinal cord also produces reflexes independently of the brain • A reflex is the body’s automatic response to a stimulus. It does not involve the brain. – For example, a doctor uses a mallet to trigger a knee-jerk reflex (patellar ...
... • The spinal cord conveys information from the brain to the PNS • The spinal cord also produces reflexes independently of the brain • A reflex is the body’s automatic response to a stimulus. It does not involve the brain. – For example, a doctor uses a mallet to trigger a knee-jerk reflex (patellar ...
Whisker sensory system – From receptor to decision
... Understanding how the neocortex transforms physical characteristics into the percept of real things that are ‘‘out there’’ in the world has long been a challenge. A productive approach has been to investigate ‘‘expert’’ cortical processing systems, ones that accomplish complex transformations in a f ...
... Understanding how the neocortex transforms physical characteristics into the percept of real things that are ‘‘out there’’ in the world has long been a challenge. A productive approach has been to investigate ‘‘expert’’ cortical processing systems, ones that accomplish complex transformations in a f ...
Preview Sample 2
... • The process of lateralization results in a division of functions between the cerebral hemispheres. • In most people (right-handed more than left) the left hemisphere handles most of the language functions, including speaking, writing, reading, speech comprehension, and comprehension of the logic o ...
... • The process of lateralization results in a division of functions between the cerebral hemispheres. • In most people (right-handed more than left) the left hemisphere handles most of the language functions, including speaking, writing, reading, speech comprehension, and comprehension of the logic o ...
Acetylcholine Facilitates Recovery of Episodic Memory after Brain
... of cognitive processes, including episodic memory, which is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease, in which there is a decrease in acetylcholine innervation (for review, see Bartus, 2000). However, systemic administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors produces only small acute improvements in memory ...
... of cognitive processes, including episodic memory, which is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease, in which there is a decrease in acetylcholine innervation (for review, see Bartus, 2000). However, systemic administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors produces only small acute improvements in memory ...
A Subjective Distance Between Stimuli: Quantifying the Metric
... definite matrix representing the scalar product. Condition 4 imposes symmetry among the components of the vectors, which means that M must be proportional to the unit matrix. Therefore, out of all the distances that have a scalar product associated with them, the only one that fulfills condition 4 i ...
... definite matrix representing the scalar product. Condition 4 imposes symmetry among the components of the vectors, which means that M must be proportional to the unit matrix. Therefore, out of all the distances that have a scalar product associated with them, the only one that fulfills condition 4 i ...
Representational Capacity of Face Coding in Monkeys
... two distributions P and P" tend to differ from each other more than they differ from the true distribution describing the data. The cross-validated information of Equation 2 does not represent a rigorous lower bound on the information but, in practice and through Monte Carlo simulations (see below), ...
... two distributions P and P" tend to differ from each other more than they differ from the true distribution describing the data. The cross-validated information of Equation 2 does not represent a rigorous lower bound on the information but, in practice and through Monte Carlo simulations (see below), ...
pre_print_Blunted_and_exaggerated_cardiac_stress_reactivity
... of blunted physiological reactivity among individuals. Previously, lower levels of regional cerebral blood flow within orbital and ventral areas of the prefrontal cortex have been shown to correlate across individuals with smaller changes in salivary-cortisol and heart rate to a mental arithmetic ta ...
... of blunted physiological reactivity among individuals. Previously, lower levels of regional cerebral blood flow within orbital and ventral areas of the prefrontal cortex have been shown to correlate across individuals with smaller changes in salivary-cortisol and heart rate to a mental arithmetic ta ...
2/ the biological perspective - test bank and solution manual for your
... Wernicke’s Area – located in the temporal lobe, Wernicke’s area is responsible for processing and understanding what others are saying. Broca’s Area – located in the frontal lobe, Broca’s area is involved in the production of speech. Aphasias – problems in understanding (“receptive aphasia”) o ...
... Wernicke’s Area – located in the temporal lobe, Wernicke’s area is responsible for processing and understanding what others are saying. Broca’s Area – located in the frontal lobe, Broca’s area is involved in the production of speech. Aphasias – problems in understanding (“receptive aphasia”) o ...
2/ the biological perspective - College Test bank
... Wernicke’s Area – located in the temporal lobe, Wernicke’s area is responsible for processing and understanding what others are saying. Broca’s Area – located in the frontal lobe, Broca’s area is involved in the production of speech. Aphasias – problems in understanding (“receptive aphasia”) o ...
... Wernicke’s Area – located in the temporal lobe, Wernicke’s area is responsible for processing and understanding what others are saying. Broca’s Area – located in the frontal lobe, Broca’s area is involved in the production of speech. Aphasias – problems in understanding (“receptive aphasia”) o ...
Insula and Orbitofrontal Cortical Morphology in Substance
... Region of Interest. Three ROIs were based on standardized parcellation units in the atlas of Desikan et al32: 1) the orbital frontal cortex consisted of the average of medial orbitofrontal, lateral orbitofrontal, and pars orbitalis parcellation units; 2) the anterior cingulate cortex consisted of th ...
... Region of Interest. Three ROIs were based on standardized parcellation units in the atlas of Desikan et al32: 1) the orbital frontal cortex consisted of the average of medial orbitofrontal, lateral orbitofrontal, and pars orbitalis parcellation units; 2) the anterior cingulate cortex consisted of th ...
Insula function in anorexia nervosa
... metabolism of tissues such as brain regions2. In the nineties a series of PET studies has been performed2. This revealed a global decrease in metabolism in the cerebral regions in patients with anorexia nervosa, compared with healthy controls2. They suggested that the decrease in glucose consumption ...
... metabolism of tissues such as brain regions2. In the nineties a series of PET studies has been performed2. This revealed a global decrease in metabolism in the cerebral regions in patients with anorexia nervosa, compared with healthy controls2. They suggested that the decrease in glucose consumption ...
Preview Sample 1
... ions are concentrated on the outside and more negative ions on the inside. 1. Ions: Electrically charged particles found both inside and outside the neuron. ii. Action Potential (neural impulse or depolarization): The firing of a nerve cell. 1. Travels down the axon when the cell membrane is stimula ...
... ions are concentrated on the outside and more negative ions on the inside. 1. Ions: Electrically charged particles found both inside and outside the neuron. ii. Action Potential (neural impulse or depolarization): The firing of a nerve cell. 1. Travels down the axon when the cell membrane is stimula ...
Connections underlying the synthesis of cognition,
... humans holds a privileged position within the nervous system with regard to thought and reason. This view stems, in part, from the classic neurological literature which has provided evidence that the frontal cortex, and its anterior (prefrontal) component, in particular, has a role in cognitive proc ...
... humans holds a privileged position within the nervous system with regard to thought and reason. This view stems, in part, from the classic neurological literature which has provided evidence that the frontal cortex, and its anterior (prefrontal) component, in particular, has a role in cognitive proc ...
Neurophysiologic markers in laryngeal muscles indicate functional
... Stimulation was applied while subjects were engaged in the visual object-naming task. The methodology for visually presented objects (VPOs)/pictures were taken from a normative study by Brodeur et al. (2010). Fifty pictures were presented during measurement in a randomized manner in one session. The ...
... Stimulation was applied while subjects were engaged in the visual object-naming task. The methodology for visually presented objects (VPOs)/pictures were taken from a normative study by Brodeur et al. (2010). Fifty pictures were presented during measurement in a randomized manner in one session. The ...
Introduction to Psychology
... special receiving areas on the next neuron ( Figure 2.5). These tiny receptor sites on the cell membrane are sensitive to neurotransmitters. The sites are found in large numbers on neuron cell bodies and dendrites. Muscles and glands have receptor sites, too. Do neurotransmitters always trigger an a ...
... special receiving areas on the next neuron ( Figure 2.5). These tiny receptor sites on the cell membrane are sensitive to neurotransmitters. The sites are found in large numbers on neuron cell bodies and dendrites. Muscles and glands have receptor sites, too. Do neurotransmitters always trigger an a ...
Negative mood-induction modulates default mode network resting
... individuals with remitted depression and healthy controls. The authors found that individuals with remitted depression showed greater connectivity between the PCC and parahippocampal gyri following the sad mood induction compared to healthy controls [11]. Whereas these previous studies reveal import ...
... individuals with remitted depression and healthy controls. The authors found that individuals with remitted depression showed greater connectivity between the PCC and parahippocampal gyri following the sad mood induction compared to healthy controls [11]. Whereas these previous studies reveal import ...
Responses of primate frontal cortex neurons during natural vocal
... in front of the subject to record all vocalizations produced during a test session. During experiments subjects were placed in a test cage (32 ⫻ 18 ⫻ 46 cm) constructed of plastic mesh on the front and back that allowed the animals to climb and jump freely along these walls. Because of the natural m ...
... in front of the subject to record all vocalizations produced during a test session. During experiments subjects were placed in a test cage (32 ⫻ 18 ⫻ 46 cm) constructed of plastic mesh on the front and back that allowed the animals to climb and jump freely along these walls. Because of the natural m ...
Are cortical spikes conveyed to contralateral
... shown in Fig. 3A, where the mode of interhemispheric delay was 0 ms, and many spike discharges massed within ±20 ms. In fact, the mode of individual histograms was 0 ms in all but five patients where it was -30, -10, -5, 5, or 10 ms, respectively. Consequently, there were no case in which the interh ...
... shown in Fig. 3A, where the mode of interhemispheric delay was 0 ms, and many spike discharges massed within ±20 ms. In fact, the mode of individual histograms was 0 ms in all but five patients where it was -30, -10, -5, 5, or 10 ms, respectively. Consequently, there were no case in which the interh ...
Document
... taste and body contact, 2) sensory responses and consequences arising from motor behavior or speech, and 3) emotions associated with sensory and motor events. Memories are distributed in modality cortices, hippocampus, medial temporal lobe, and cingulate, frontal and parietal cortices. • Sensory MEM ...
... taste and body contact, 2) sensory responses and consequences arising from motor behavior or speech, and 3) emotions associated with sensory and motor events. Memories are distributed in modality cortices, hippocampus, medial temporal lobe, and cingulate, frontal and parietal cortices. • Sensory MEM ...
Bissonette Gregory B, Gentry Ronny N, Padmala Srikanth, Pessoa L
... aversive stimuli when studied independently. We first review the non-human animal literature and then review studies performed in humans. We know from a vast literature that neural activity of several regions throughout the brain are modulated by expected outcome, whether it be appetitive or aversiv ...
... aversive stimuli when studied independently. We first review the non-human animal literature and then review studies performed in humans. We know from a vast literature that neural activity of several regions throughout the brain are modulated by expected outcome, whether it be appetitive or aversiv ...