Biological Bases of Bx Test
... ____ 18. The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of a(n) a. MRI. b. brain lesion. c. EEG. d. PET scan. e. hemispherectomy. ____ 19. Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the a. amygdala. b. hippocampus. c. angular g ...
... ____ 18. The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of a(n) a. MRI. b. brain lesion. c. EEG. d. PET scan. e. hemispherectomy. ____ 19. Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the a. amygdala. b. hippocampus. c. angular g ...
Prefrontal and parietal cortex mediate the interference
... anticipation period is reflected in a time-varying increase or decrease of the blood-oxygenationlevel-dependent (BOLD) signal in the primary visual cortex, right supramarginal gyrus (SMG), supplementary motor area (SMA), right middle frontal cortex, and cerebellar vermis in humans [4,5]. It has also ...
... anticipation period is reflected in a time-varying increase or decrease of the blood-oxygenationlevel-dependent (BOLD) signal in the primary visual cortex, right supramarginal gyrus (SMG), supplementary motor area (SMA), right middle frontal cortex, and cerebellar vermis in humans [4,5]. It has also ...
Recounting the impact of Hubel and Wiesel
... however, extended the region of cortex from which an evoked response could be obtained by identifying the first functionally defined extrastriate area, the Clare–Bishop area in the cat suprasylvian gyrus (Clare & Bishop, 1954). Richard Jung’s laboratory had recorded single neurons in cat visual cort ...
... however, extended the region of cortex from which an evoked response could be obtained by identifying the first functionally defined extrastriate area, the Clare–Bishop area in the cat suprasylvian gyrus (Clare & Bishop, 1954). Richard Jung’s laboratory had recorded single neurons in cat visual cort ...
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
... encountering food, water, a sexual partner, or some fear- or pain-producing situation. Thus, there are two basic types of reinforcers: positive (rewarding) and negative (aversive). In the present theory reinforcers promote behavior change because they produce a specific class of responses with littl ...
... encountering food, water, a sexual partner, or some fear- or pain-producing situation. Thus, there are two basic types of reinforcers: positive (rewarding) and negative (aversive). In the present theory reinforcers promote behavior change because they produce a specific class of responses with littl ...
17. Pathways and Integrative Functions
... stretch in muscles, and tension in tendons. (Note: Visceral pain pathways will be discussed in chapter 19.) Sensory receptors detect stimuli and then conduct nerve impulses to the central nervous system. Sensory pathway centers within either the spinal cord or the brainstem process and filter the in ...
... stretch in muscles, and tension in tendons. (Note: Visceral pain pathways will be discussed in chapter 19.) Sensory receptors detect stimuli and then conduct nerve impulses to the central nervous system. Sensory pathway centers within either the spinal cord or the brainstem process and filter the in ...
Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the
... Hoesen, 1981; Amaral and Price, 1984; Barbas and De Olmos, 1990; Morecraft et al., 1992; Carmichael and Price, 1995), and appears to be essential in judging rewarding or aversive outcomes of actions (e.g., Bechara et al., 1997; Schoenbaum et al., 1998). Posterior orbitofrontal cortex, in particular, ...
... Hoesen, 1981; Amaral and Price, 1984; Barbas and De Olmos, 1990; Morecraft et al., 1992; Carmichael and Price, 1995), and appears to be essential in judging rewarding or aversive outcomes of actions (e.g., Bechara et al., 1997; Schoenbaum et al., 1998). Posterior orbitofrontal cortex, in particular, ...
Spatial Responsiveness of Monkey Hippocampal Neurons to
... suggest that some neurons in the H F may be involved in spatial learning or memory developed from vision. As suggested in a previous study of the rat hippocampus (O’Keefe and Conway, 1978), place-specific activity change in place units can depend not only on vision but also on other sensory modaliti ...
... suggest that some neurons in the H F may be involved in spatial learning or memory developed from vision. As suggested in a previous study of the rat hippocampus (O’Keefe and Conway, 1978), place-specific activity change in place units can depend not only on vision but also on other sensory modaliti ...
Axonal integrity predicts cortical reorganisation following cervical injury
... controlsdin the pyramids, the internal capsule, the cerebral peduncle and the hand area. The microstructural white matter changes observed in the left pyramid predicted increased task-related responses in the left M1 leg area, while changes in the cerebral peduncle were predicted by reduced cord are ...
... controlsdin the pyramids, the internal capsule, the cerebral peduncle and the hand area. The microstructural white matter changes observed in the left pyramid predicted increased task-related responses in the left M1 leg area, while changes in the cerebral peduncle were predicted by reduced cord are ...
Sustained conditioned responses in prelimbic prefrontal neurons are
... Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Gregory J. Quirk, Department of Psychiatry, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-5067. E-mail: [email protected]. A. Burgos-Robles’s present address: Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern I ...
... Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Gregory J. Quirk, Department of Psychiatry, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, P.O. Box 365067, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-5067. E-mail: [email protected]. A. Burgos-Robles’s present address: Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern I ...
Structural Abnormalities of the Central Auditory Pathway in Infants
... structural scanning protocol was applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions with two sequences (Ax 3DFSPGR T1), and images were obtained for each subject for structural analysis. Conventional MRI scans were also performed on all the subjects (T1WI spin echo images and T2WI fast spin echo i ...
... structural scanning protocol was applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions with two sequences (Ax 3DFSPGR T1), and images were obtained for each subject for structural analysis. Conventional MRI scans were also performed on all the subjects (T1WI spin echo images and T2WI fast spin echo i ...
A multi-level account of selective attention
... all that was retained from the unattended auditory stream. Not long after Broadbent’s seminal book, Moray (1959) demonstrated that selection was not always implemented by an early filtering mechanism, as he noted that about one-third of subjects detected their own name when it was inserted in the un ...
... all that was retained from the unattended auditory stream. Not long after Broadbent’s seminal book, Moray (1959) demonstrated that selection was not always implemented by an early filtering mechanism, as he noted that about one-third of subjects detected their own name when it was inserted in the un ...
The functional organization of the intraparietal sulcus in humans and
... Kanwisher, 2001). These data are supported by studies of patients presenting with lesions of the parietal cortex and neuropsychological deficits such as visuospatial neglect, different forms of apraxia and other visuomotor coordination problems (for reviews see, for example, Marshall & Fink, 2001, 2 ...
... Kanwisher, 2001). These data are supported by studies of patients presenting with lesions of the parietal cortex and neuropsychological deficits such as visuospatial neglect, different forms of apraxia and other visuomotor coordination problems (for reviews see, for example, Marshall & Fink, 2001, 2 ...
Capogna Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014
... somata and dendrites. This contrasts with the cortex, where CCK and CR are usually not co-localized [34]. A recent study classifies interneurons of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) based on a combination of electrophysiological and single-cell reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ...
... somata and dendrites. This contrasts with the cortex, where CCK and CR are usually not co-localized [34]. A recent study classifies interneurons of the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) based on a combination of electrophysiological and single-cell reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ...
Nucleus Gracilis: An Integrator for Visceral and Somatic Information
... al. 1996b). Severing these fibers at the level of T 10 interrupts pelvic visceral input into the NG as well as into the VPL nucleus of the thalamus. It is likely that a similar relationship of the nucleus cuneatus to upper abdominal and thoracic viscera exists (Chandler et al. 1996). Several studies ...
... al. 1996b). Severing these fibers at the level of T 10 interrupts pelvic visceral input into the NG as well as into the VPL nucleus of the thalamus. It is likely that a similar relationship of the nucleus cuneatus to upper abdominal and thoracic viscera exists (Chandler et al. 1996). Several studies ...
The Perirhinal, Entorhinal, and Parahippocampal Cortices and
... modal sensory systems, the orbitofrontal cortex, insula, and cingulate cortex (Suzuki and Amaral 1994a). Tracing studies have also demonstrated a rich network of intrinsic associational connections within the PRc, which presumably bind this multimodal information together (Lavenex et al. 2004). In l ...
... modal sensory systems, the orbitofrontal cortex, insula, and cingulate cortex (Suzuki and Amaral 1994a). Tracing studies have also demonstrated a rich network of intrinsic associational connections within the PRc, which presumably bind this multimodal information together (Lavenex et al. 2004). In l ...
US Copyright Law
... each surrounded by myelin. This level of analysis is the domain of the histologist. Histology is the study of tissue structure through microscopic techniques like those introduced in Chapter 1 in the work of the early neuroanatomists Ramón y Cajal, Golgi, and Purkinje. A primary concern for neuroana ...
... each surrounded by myelin. This level of analysis is the domain of the histologist. Histology is the study of tissue structure through microscopic techniques like those introduced in Chapter 1 in the work of the early neuroanatomists Ramón y Cajal, Golgi, and Purkinje. A primary concern for neuroana ...
The anatomy, physiology and functions of the
... animal chooses either the ‘matching’ stimulus or the novel ‘non-matching’ stimulus to receive a food reward. Memory is assessed by increasing the delay interval between the sample and the choice presentations. A consistent finding from the monkey and rat literature has been that relative to control ...
... animal chooses either the ‘matching’ stimulus or the novel ‘non-matching’ stimulus to receive a food reward. Memory is assessed by increasing the delay interval between the sample and the choice presentations. A consistent finding from the monkey and rat literature has been that relative to control ...
Linking Cognitive Neuroscience and Molecular Genetics: New Perspectives from Williams... Ursula Bellugi and Marie St. George (Eds.)
... brain of subjects. Initial studies revealed that both WMS and DNS leave a distinctive morphological stamp on specific brain regions. Past MRI studies of brain volumes were performed on a group of matched adolescents and young adults with WMS and DNS (Bellugi, Hickok, Lai, & Jernigan, 1997; Jernigan ...
... brain of subjects. Initial studies revealed that both WMS and DNS leave a distinctive morphological stamp on specific brain regions. Past MRI studies of brain volumes were performed on a group of matched adolescents and young adults with WMS and DNS (Bellugi, Hickok, Lai, & Jernigan, 1997; Jernigan ...
The Representation of Biological Classes in the Human Brain
... including faces (Kanwisher et al., 1997; Haxby et al., 2000), bodies (Peelen and Downing, 2005), and animals (Chao et al., 1999), while a complementary system in the medial ventral stream is active for nonliving things, including scenes (Epstein et al., 1999) and tools (Chao et al., 1999). While suc ...
... including faces (Kanwisher et al., 1997; Haxby et al., 2000), bodies (Peelen and Downing, 2005), and animals (Chao et al., 1999), while a complementary system in the medial ventral stream is active for nonliving things, including scenes (Epstein et al., 1999) and tools (Chao et al., 1999). While suc ...
Full-Text PDF
... Recently, the development of DT-MRI has allowed further exploration of whether musical training can induce WM changes in the brain, using measures of WM diffusivity rather than WM volume. Thus far, there are relatively few DT-MRI studies specifically investigating WM differences in musicians and whi ...
... Recently, the development of DT-MRI has allowed further exploration of whether musical training can induce WM changes in the brain, using measures of WM diffusivity rather than WM volume. Thus far, there are relatively few DT-MRI studies specifically investigating WM differences in musicians and whi ...
- Stem-cell and Brain Research Institute
... Understanding how the cerebral cortex processes information is a major aim of neurobiology today, with important implications for disciplines ranging from psychiatry to the designing of living machines. Numerous investigative techniques at different levels are used to this end, including functional ...
... Understanding how the cerebral cortex processes information is a major aim of neurobiology today, with important implications for disciplines ranging from psychiatry to the designing of living machines. Numerous investigative techniques at different levels are used to this end, including functional ...
video slide - Course Notes
... sensory information to the cerebrum and the main output center for motor information leaving the cerebrum. • The hypothalamus regulates homeostasis and basic survival behaviors such as feeding, fighting, fleeing, and reproducing. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjam ...
... sensory information to the cerebrum and the main output center for motor information leaving the cerebrum. • The hypothalamus regulates homeostasis and basic survival behaviors such as feeding, fighting, fleeing, and reproducing. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjam ...
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... conditioning trials. Chronic stress significantly enhanced visual fear conditioning in stressed animals compared to controls (stress: 58.9 ± 8.42%, control: 23.31 ± 8.01%; p < 0.05), but this fear enhancement was related to unconditioned fear. Conversely, chronic stress did not affect the morphology ...
... conditioning trials. Chronic stress significantly enhanced visual fear conditioning in stressed animals compared to controls (stress: 58.9 ± 8.42%, control: 23.31 ± 8.01%; p < 0.05), but this fear enhancement was related to unconditioned fear. Conversely, chronic stress did not affect the morphology ...
What in the brain tells us that this is pain - HAL
... cingulate cortex, which are systematically activated by noxious stimuli, but also a number of other regions including the primary sensory cortex, anterior insula, prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices, amygdala and hippocampus, detected in 40-80% of studies (reviews in Peyron et al 2000, Garcia ...
... cingulate cortex, which are systematically activated by noxious stimuli, but also a number of other regions including the primary sensory cortex, anterior insula, prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices, amygdala and hippocampus, detected in 40-80% of studies (reviews in Peyron et al 2000, Garcia ...
Neuronal responses to face-like and facial stimuli in the monkey
... (three dark blobs on a bright oval) and human photo (Johnson and Horn, 1988; Rosa-Salva et al., 2010, 2011). These findings suggest the existence of innate face processing subcortical system that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitiv ...
... (three dark blobs on a bright oval) and human photo (Johnson and Horn, 1988; Rosa-Salva et al., 2010, 2011). These findings suggest the existence of innate face processing subcortical system that includes the SC and is common to many vertebrates, and also suggest that this system may not be sensitiv ...