Syntheses of Soluble, -Stacking Tetracene Derivatives π
... give 3c-d as white solids. The molecular and crystal structures of 5a-d were determined by X-ray structure analysis on single crystals, which were obtained by solvent diffusion at low temperature. The packing diagrams of 5a-d are displayed in Figure 1. All four compounds show primarily face-face sli ...
... give 3c-d as white solids. The molecular and crystal structures of 5a-d were determined by X-ray structure analysis on single crystals, which were obtained by solvent diffusion at low temperature. The packing diagrams of 5a-d are displayed in Figure 1. All four compounds show primarily face-face sli ...
Biographies and Definitions
... Coulomb and Catherine Bajet, he was raised in Angoulême and later in Paris. As a young man he received a classical education at the Collège Mazarin (one of the historic colleges of the University of Paris). Following the estrangement of his parents, he moved to Montpellier in March 1757 to live with ...
... Coulomb and Catherine Bajet, he was raised in Angoulême and later in Paris. As a young man he received a classical education at the Collège Mazarin (one of the historic colleges of the University of Paris). Following the estrangement of his parents, he moved to Montpellier in March 1757 to live with ...
ST08 – Resistive based sensors and interfacing
... – The units of voltage, current and resistance, from both a microscopic and macroscopic (electric circuits) perspective – The definition of an elementary electric circuit – Ohm’s law and Kirschoff Laws – Solving and measurement of voltage divider circuit – Solving of more complicated circuits ...
... – The units of voltage, current and resistance, from both a microscopic and macroscopic (electric circuits) perspective – The definition of an elementary electric circuit – Ohm’s law and Kirschoff Laws – Solving and measurement of voltage divider circuit – Solving of more complicated circuits ...
X04704145151
... significant absorption in the visible region. Hence for second harmonic generation (SHG) in the blue-nearUV region, more transparent and less extensively delocalized organics like urea or its analogs have been considered [2]. Thiourea is one such organic system. It is nearly coplanar in structure an ...
... significant absorption in the visible region. Hence for second harmonic generation (SHG) in the blue-nearUV region, more transparent and less extensively delocalized organics like urea or its analogs have been considered [2]. Thiourea is one such organic system. It is nearly coplanar in structure an ...
Development of Holography Electron Microscope
... Hitachi recognized the need for a field emission electron gun that could emit a stable electron beam for 10 or more hours at a time without calibration. While the Schottky-type electron gun (21), which uses an electric field to emit electrons from a heated emitter, is very stable, it is not suitable ...
... Hitachi recognized the need for a field emission electron gun that could emit a stable electron beam for 10 or more hours at a time without calibration. While the Schottky-type electron gun (21), which uses an electric field to emit electrons from a heated emitter, is very stable, it is not suitable ...
Intracrystalline inclusions within single crystalline
... study the authors compared the evolution of these two characteristics as a function of isochronous annealing within the same sample. Such annealing disrupted the organic/inorganic interfaces, changing the microstructure. It turned out that the grain size was strongly reduced, with an accompanying in ...
... study the authors compared the evolution of these two characteristics as a function of isochronous annealing within the same sample. Such annealing disrupted the organic/inorganic interfaces, changing the microstructure. It turned out that the grain size was strongly reduced, with an accompanying in ...
738 influence of the oxide layer in the erosion of metals caused by
... erosion. It was found that the quotient between the eroded volume and the spark energy correlates well with a function of the energy necessary to heat the material up to the melting point and to melt it. Moreover, it was found that the crater shape is related to the surface tension of the molten mat ...
... erosion. It was found that the quotient between the eroded volume and the spark energy correlates well with a function of the energy necessary to heat the material up to the melting point and to melt it. Moreover, it was found that the crater shape is related to the surface tension of the molten mat ...
3. Semiconductor solar cells - Tampereen teknillinen yliopisto
... components made out of semiconductors are used in almost all electronic devices. Semiconductors conduct electricity better than insulators, like glass, but have lower conductivity than conductors, like metals, but what truly makes them ideal for electronics is that their conductivity can be altered. ...
... components made out of semiconductors are used in almost all electronic devices. Semiconductors conduct electricity better than insulators, like glass, but have lower conductivity than conductors, like metals, but what truly makes them ideal for electronics is that their conductivity can be altered. ...
Composite Thermoplastic
... Weight Reduction: Next to their anti-corrosive capabilities, the characteristic of composites that makes them most attractive is their ability to provide increased strength and stiffness at lighter weights than metal materials. The typical weight savings for composites over aluminum is approximately ...
... Weight Reduction: Next to their anti-corrosive capabilities, the characteristic of composites that makes them most attractive is their ability to provide increased strength and stiffness at lighter weights than metal materials. The typical weight savings for composites over aluminum is approximately ...
Perspective for Journal of Pharmaceutical Science
... Polymorphism and pharmaceuticals The phenomenon of crystal polymorphism, where the same chemical compound exists in more then one unique crystalline form, has been appreciated for over a century (3,4). Polymorphs of pharmaceuticals and drug candidates can occur in all types of phases (pure compounds ...
... Polymorphism and pharmaceuticals The phenomenon of crystal polymorphism, where the same chemical compound exists in more then one unique crystalline form, has been appreciated for over a century (3,4). Polymorphs of pharmaceuticals and drug candidates can occur in all types of phases (pure compounds ...
Use of partially oxidized SiC particle bed for microwave sintering of
... temperature and composition distributions inside a reaction bonded silicon nitride specimen [20]. During the nitridation reaction, silicon was gradually converted to silicon nitride, and at the intermediate stage, the material was two phasic nature. Despite an insulating layer formation, their exper ...
... temperature and composition distributions inside a reaction bonded silicon nitride specimen [20]. During the nitridation reaction, silicon was gradually converted to silicon nitride, and at the intermediate stage, the material was two phasic nature. Despite an insulating layer formation, their exper ...
www.ualberta.ca - University of Alberta
... Polymorphism and pharmaceuticals The phenomenon of crystal polymorphism, where the same chemical compound exists in more then one unique crystalline form, has been appreciated for over a century (3,4). Polymorphs of pharmaceuticals and drug candidates can occur in all types of phases (pure compounds ...
... Polymorphism and pharmaceuticals The phenomenon of crystal polymorphism, where the same chemical compound exists in more then one unique crystalline form, has been appreciated for over a century (3,4). Polymorphs of pharmaceuticals and drug candidates can occur in all types of phases (pure compounds ...
Packaging Technologies for SiC Power Modules
... Improved reliability at high temperature is needed in order to realize high temperature operation of the power modules using SiC devices. The primary factors affecting the reliability of a power module having a conventional structure are the lifetime of the bonding area between aluminum wire and po ...
... Improved reliability at high temperature is needed in order to realize high temperature operation of the power modules using SiC devices. The primary factors affecting the reliability of a power module having a conventional structure are the lifetime of the bonding area between aluminum wire and po ...
advanced high density interconnect materials and techniques
... Metal tracks are formed on the front (top to bottom interconnect) and rear side (back side routing) of the via by depositing Cu layer by electrochemical deposition. ...
... Metal tracks are formed on the front (top to bottom interconnect) and rear side (back side routing) of the via by depositing Cu layer by electrochemical deposition. ...
Correlation between Crystal Structure and Mobility in Organic Field
... in Figure 1, namely bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene (BEDTTTF), (ethylenethio)(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene (ETEDTTTF), bis(ethylenethio)-tetrathiafulvalene (BET-TTF), (ethylenethio)(thiodimethylene)-tetrathiafulvalene (ETTDM-TTF), dithiophene-tetrathiafulvalene (DT-TTF), (thiophene)(thi ...
... in Figure 1, namely bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene (BEDTTTF), (ethylenethio)(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene (ETEDTTTF), bis(ethylenethio)-tetrathiafulvalene (BET-TTF), (ethylenethio)(thiodimethylene)-tetrathiafulvalene (ETTDM-TTF), dithiophene-tetrathiafulvalene (DT-TTF), (thiophene)(thi ...
SFX as a low-cost `Spiro` hole-transport material
... In nearly all these cases however, there has been no development of a wider family of materials with differing redox potential, solubility or thermal properties, although this is likely to prove important to enable better-matched combination with differing perovskite materials. Most of the reported sm ...
... In nearly all these cases however, there has been no development of a wider family of materials with differing redox potential, solubility or thermal properties, although this is likely to prove important to enable better-matched combination with differing perovskite materials. Most of the reported sm ...
High-Performance Thermal Interface Technology Overview
... plates, a pressure-driven flow is generated. As with flow in a capillary, the velocity profile for a Newtonian fluid is parabolic across the channel. An approach to avoid thicker gaps is to sub-divide the chip or cooler surfaces into an array of protruding posts by means of a channel array with a de ...
... plates, a pressure-driven flow is generated. As with flow in a capillary, the velocity profile for a Newtonian fluid is parabolic across the channel. An approach to avoid thicker gaps is to sub-divide the chip or cooler surfaces into an array of protruding posts by means of a channel array with a de ...
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THERMAL INSULATING
... have been developed rapidly. The manufacturing process is different in various industries, but usually it has one common element and that is cutting and joining materials [1]. Adhesive bonding technology is an increasingly used process of material joining. The advantage of adhesive bonding is a poss ...
... have been developed rapidly. The manufacturing process is different in various industries, but usually it has one common element and that is cutting and joining materials [1]. Adhesive bonding technology is an increasingly used process of material joining. The advantage of adhesive bonding is a poss ...
Book of Abstracts
... compositions (Bi1–xTmx)2O3, x = 0.11, 0.14 and 0.20, and (Bi1–yLuy)2O3, y = 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25, were dry homogenized in an agate mortar, heat treated at 750 °C for 3 h and then slowly furnace cooled. The samples were characterized by XRD, TEM/SAED, SEM, DTA and EIS techniques. The effect of thermal ...
... compositions (Bi1–xTmx)2O3, x = 0.11, 0.14 and 0.20, and (Bi1–yLuy)2O3, y = 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25, were dry homogenized in an agate mortar, heat treated at 750 °C for 3 h and then slowly furnace cooled. The samples were characterized by XRD, TEM/SAED, SEM, DTA and EIS techniques. The effect of thermal ...
Synthesis of copper micro-rods with layered nano
... undergoes a steep weight loss at 325°C and ends at approximately 340°C (Figure 2a). A minor weight loss was observed within 400°C to 550°C, which could be due to the further decomposition of carbon by-products [28]. It means that the precursor can be ignited at a temperature as low as 325°C to 340°C ...
... undergoes a steep weight loss at 325°C and ends at approximately 340°C (Figure 2a). A minor weight loss was observed within 400°C to 550°C, which could be due to the further decomposition of carbon by-products [28]. It means that the precursor can be ignited at a temperature as low as 325°C to 340°C ...
P. A. Luque, D. Cervantes, C. M. Gomez
... small agglomerations of particles in all directions, and that, with an increase in Terbium, these particles begin to form small circles on the material surface which have a non-uniform distribution of different diameters. This type of morphology is more evident (Figure 1d) for higher percentages by ...
... small agglomerations of particles in all directions, and that, with an increase in Terbium, these particles begin to form small circles on the material surface which have a non-uniform distribution of different diameters. This type of morphology is more evident (Figure 1d) for higher percentages by ...
NuFACT2005_NSimos_March06 - Physics
... from reactor studies and almost entirely from neutron doses. It is, however, unclear whether there is a difference between proton and neutron irradiation of materials. Irradiation-damage data for the “new” and “smart” alloys and composites are far more scarce or non-existent. In ref. [2] the differe ...
... from reactor studies and almost entirely from neutron doses. It is, however, unclear whether there is a difference between proton and neutron irradiation of materials. Irradiation-damage data for the “new” and “smart” alloys and composites are far more scarce or non-existent. In ref. [2] the differe ...
11510079-c-A-6.pdf
... change in shape results in mechanical sensing and actuation that can be exploited in a variety of ways for practical applications. The mechanics of actuation depends on a wide range of mechanisms, which generally depend on some form of phase transition or motion of phase boundaries under external st ...
... change in shape results in mechanical sensing and actuation that can be exploited in a variety of ways for practical applications. The mechanics of actuation depends on a wide range of mechanisms, which generally depend on some form of phase transition or motion of phase boundaries under external st ...
Chemistry I CP1 chapter 5 Study Guide on Electron Configuration
... ____ 19. The major difference between a 1s orbital and a 2s orbital is that a. the 2s orbital can hold more electrons. b. the 2s orbital has a slightly different shape. c. the 2s orbital is at a higher energy level. d. the 1s orbital can have only one electron. ____ 20. The p orbitals are shaped li ...
... ____ 19. The major difference between a 1s orbital and a 2s orbital is that a. the 2s orbital can hold more electrons. b. the 2s orbital has a slightly different shape. c. the 2s orbital is at a higher energy level. d. the 1s orbital can have only one electron. ____ 20. The p orbitals are shaped li ...
PDF
... Solid state parameters are necessary to analyze second harmonic generation efficiency of the grown crystals. The value of valance electron Plasma energy (Ep), Penn gap energy, Fermi energy (EF) and polarizability (α) of the grown crystals were calculated by the formulas given by Vasdevan et al. [21] ...
... Solid state parameters are necessary to analyze second harmonic generation efficiency of the grown crystals. The value of valance electron Plasma energy (Ep), Penn gap energy, Fermi energy (EF) and polarizability (α) of the grown crystals were calculated by the formulas given by Vasdevan et al. [21] ...
Semiconductor
A semiconductor material has an electrical conductivity value falling between that of a conductor, such as copper, and an insulator, such as glass. Semiconductors are the foundation of modern electronics. Semiconducting materials exist in two types - elemental materials and compound materials. The modern understanding of the properties of a semiconductor relies on quantum physics to explain the movement of electrons and holes in a crystal lattice. The unique arrangement of the crystal lattice makes silicon and germanium the most commonly used elements in the preparation of semiconducting materials. An increased knowledge of semiconductor materials and fabrication processes has made possible continuing increases in the complexity and speed of microprocessors and memory devices. Some of the information on this page may be outdated within a year because new discoveries are made in the field frequently.The electrical conductivity of a semiconductor material increases with increasing temperature, which is behaviour opposite to that of a metal. Semiconductor devices can display a range of useful properties such as passing current more easily in one direction than the other, showing variable resistance, and sensitivity to light or heat. Because the electrical properties of a semiconductor material can be modified by controlled addition of impurities, or by the application of electrical fields or light, devices made from semiconductors can be used for amplification, switching, and energy conversion.Current conduction in a semiconductor occurs through the movement of free electrons and ""holes"", collectively known as charge carriers. Adding impurity atoms to a semiconducting material, known as ""doping"", greatly increases the number of charge carriers within it. When a doped semiconductor contains mostly free holes it is called ""p-type"", and when it contains mostly free electrons it is known as ""n-type"". The semiconductor materials used in electronic devices are doped under precise conditions to control the concentration and regions of p- and n-type dopants. A single semiconductor crystal can have many p- and n-type regions; the p–n junctions between these regions are responsible for the useful electronic behaviour.Some of the properties of semiconductor materials were observed throughout the mid 19th and first decades of the 20th century. Development of quantum physics in turn allowed the development of the transistor in 1947. Although some pure elements and many compounds display semiconductor properties, silicon, germanium, and compounds of gallium are the most widely used in electronic devices. Elements near the so-called ""metalloid staircase"", where the metalloids are located on the periodic table, are usually used as semiconductors.The nickname of the southern area of Northern California is Silicon Valley because of all the influential tech companies that have their headquarters there. An integral part of today’s technology is built upon semiconductors, which are made primarily of silicon. Some major companies include Marvell Technology Group, National Semiconductor (now part of Texas Instruments), and Advanced Micro Devices.