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AP Biology Question Set
AP Biology Question Set

... 47. The pH optimum of amylase is approximately 7. At that pH, the protein has the threedimensional shape to allow starch to bind to its active site and catalyze its hydrolysis. When it is at the stomach pH (approxi mately 2), the protein is denatured, and its three-dimensional shape and active site ...
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THINK-PAIR

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Respiration Test Study Guide

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231/1 BIOLOGY PAPER 1 MAY 2015 2 HOURS TIGANIA SOUTH

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Magnesium in biology



Magnesium is an essential element in biological systems. Magnesium occurs typically as the Mg2+ ion. It is an essential mineral nutrient (i.e., element) for life and is present in every cell type in every organism. For example, ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the main source of energy in cells, must be bound to a magnesium ion in order to be biologically active. What is called ATP is often actually Mg-ATP. As such, magnesium plays a role in the stability of all polyphosphate compounds in the cells, including those associated with the synthesis of DNA and RNA.Over 300 enzymes require the presence of magnesium ions for their catalytic action, including all enzymes utilizing or synthesizing ATP, or those that use other nucleotides to synthesize DNA and RNA.In plants, magnesium is necessary for synthesis of chlorophyll and photosynthesis.
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